| 1. |
- Tham, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Electronystagmographic findings in rats exposed to styrene or toluene
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 93, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously described experimental model for studying the effect of industrial solvents in the vestibular system of rabbits has been applied to rats. To achieve a constant concentration, the solvent was infused intravenously, dissolved in a lipid emulsion. Arterial blood levels were estimated by gas chromatography. The vestibulo-oculomotor behaviour of rats during repeated rotatory acceleration was investigated by electronystagmography. The effect of two solvents-toluene and styrene-on the rotatory induced nystagmus was examined. Both solvents caused an exaggerated reaction at arterial blood levels above 75 ppm. The investigation indicated that the rat will be suitable species for further electronystagmographic investigation of the influence of organic solvents on the vestibular system, for example in screening studies of the toxicity of these solvents.
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| 2. |
- Tham, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibulo-ocular disturbances in rats exposed to organic solvents
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6683. ; 54:1, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of different kinds of industrial solvents on the vestibular function of rats has been studied by recording nystagmus, induced by accelerated rotation. The effect was related to the blood levels of the solvents. One group of solvents, including halogenated saturated hydrocarbons like dichloromethane, caused depression of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR). Another group, including benzene compounds like xylene, toluene, styrene and cumene and halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons like trichloroethylene caused an excitation of the VOR. The most striking chemical similarity between the different solvents in the last group is the occurence of double-bonds. If the animals were exposed simultaneously to solvents from both groups the excitatory effect prevailed and was even potentiated. It is suggested that solvents cause depression or excitation of the VOR by interaction with central pathways in the reticular formation and the cerebellum.
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| 3. |
- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances in humans exposed to styrene
- 1982
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 94:1-6, s. 487-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several reports indicate that disturbances of the vestibulo-oculomotor ability are a manifestation of the toxic action on the central nervous system exerted by some industrial solvents. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the vestibulo-oculomotor system during exposure to styrene, which is extensively used in the production of plastics. Healthy volunteers were exposed to styrene for one hour. Rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus, visual suppression as well as speed, latency and accuracy of saccades were tested before, during, and one hour after the exposure. The pulmonary uptake and the blood level of the solvent were continuously analysed by gas chromatography. The styrene blood concentration was equivalent to that which may well be reached after several hours of hard work in an industrial environment with a concentration of styrene within permitted limits. No spontaneous nystagmus appeared. The rotatory and optokinetic nystagmus was not influenced by styrene. However, the speed of the saccade was significantly enhanced. The visual suppression was disturbed, shown by an increased gain after styrene exposure. The experiments thus indicate that styrene given to healthy test persons induced disturbances, thus consistent with the theory that some organic solvents block the cerebellar inhibition of the vestibulo-oculomotor system.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hydén, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment of visuo-vestibular interaction in humans exposed to toluene
- 1983
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. - 0301-1569. ; 45:5, s. 262-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 15 healthy volunteers were investigated in a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery during toluene exposure. The concentration was comparable to the threshold limit value. The results were compared to an identical air experiment. The intoxication caused an impaired visual suppression during a pseudo-random oscillatory swing test and also an increased saccade speed. Other vestibular-oculomotor parameters were normal. The findings are in accordance with our earlier study on styrene in humans, showing that the visual suppression test and the saccade test are sensitive parameters assessing neurotoxic influences by organic solvents.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hydén, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of compensatory eye movements in light and darkness
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta oto-laryngologica. Supplementum. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0365-5237 .- 1651-2464 .- 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 96:s406, s. 209-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad frequency-band rotatory test has been used to quantify compensatory eye movements in 13 healthy subjects during light and darkness conditions. Eye movements were recorded by EOG. Head movements were recorded either by a potentiometer attached to the chair's axis of rotation or by an angular rate sensor attached to a bite-board. Gain and phase values between eye and head velocity were calculated. A systematic error in the higher frequency range is introduced in the results by assuming head movement equal to chair movement. Different instructions in the dark can alter the gain values at lower frequencies (up to 2 Hz) during sinusoidal stimulation. During pseudorandom stimulation no such differences can be obtained. During all test conditions with the rate sensor the gain values approach unity at about 3 Hz.
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