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| 2. |
- Fatima, Nowshir, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation Mechanism of Automatic Transmission Fluid by Water as a Contaminant
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 229:1, s. 74-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The degradation mechanism of water contaminated Automatic Transmission Fluids (ATF) was experimentally investigated. Water contaminated ATF was tribotested in a full-scale wet clutch test rig to monitor the friction durability during clutch ageing, and was also statically aged in oven to evaluate the interaction of ATF with water. The bulk properties and chemical nature of the ATF were analysed using viscosity measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). It was shown that water presence in the ATF can increase the mean friction coefficient over a short time period, though in the long term perspective there is a higher loss of mean friction. Phase separation of the water-in-oil emulsion by centrifugation at 20000 rpm made it possible to examine the water phase using infrared 2spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis revealed the hydrophilic nature of certain ATF constituents, although the impact of water on the bulk properties like lubricant viscosity and thermal stability was insignificant. The analysis of the tribotests showed that the friction increase for water contamination was a short-term effect and likely due to the interaction between polar surface active additives and water. Even though no significant change has been found for thermal degradation or in bulk properties of the lubricant, the initially changed action of the water soluble additives and generation of high friction resulted in a total deterioration of the clutch performance during long term use.
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| 3. |
- Fatima, Nowshir, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of water on the tribological properties of zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate and over-based calcium sulfonate additives in wet clutch contacts
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 87, s. 113-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usually the wet clutch lubricant properties vary with different formulations of base oil types and additives. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of water on the performance of additives in ATF. Simplified lubricants, ZDDP and over-based Ca-sulfonates detergent additives in an API Group I mineral base oil, were employed to compare with the commercial fully-formulated automatic transmission fluid (DEXRON®VI) during water-contamination. A full-scale wet clutch test rig was used to evaluate the frictional response due to water contamination of the lubricants. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the variation in the solubility of these polar organic additives in the water phase and Karl-Fischer titration was utilized to evaluate the post-test water content for different formulations.
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| 4. |
- Fatima, Nowshir, et al.
(författare)
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Surface chemistry of wet clutch influenced by water contamination in automatic transmission fluids
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 96, s. 395-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lubricated friction interfaces used for wet clutches produces different friction behaviour depending on the lubricant conditions. Usually the lubricant conditions vary for water contamination in automatic transmission fluid (ATF). The presence of water retards the ATF performance by increasing the friction and can influence the deterioration of the clutch plates. Water as a polar contaminant can change the absorbability of the surface active additives, which might cause the characteristic friction behaviour. The aim of this paper is to verify the surface chemistry of tribotested standard friction interfaces lubricated with water contaminated commercial ATF (DEXRON® VI). The evidences of the influence of water on ATF performances were shown by surface analyses
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| 6. |
- Frobom, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical Inhibition of DOG1/TMEM16A Achieves Antitumoral Effects in Human Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Cells In Vitro
- 2019
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 39:7, s. 3433-3442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: DOG1 is a calcium-activated chloride channel that has gained attention as a promising drug target due to its involvement in several processes essential for tumor development and progression. DOG1 is overexpressed in >95% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The aim was to determine DOG1 inhibition antitumoral effects on GIST. Materials and Methods: Human GIST (GIST-T1 and GIST882) cell lines were used to study the effect of DOG1 inhibitors on chloride currents, viability, colony formation, and cell cycle. Results: CaCCinh-A01 decreased chloride currents. CaCCinh-A01 and T16(inh)-A01 reduced GIST cell viability and CaCCinh-A01 affected cell cycle distribution leading to G(1) cell-cycle arrest. CaCCinh-A01 also increased the sub-G(1) phase population, indicative of apoptosis, in GIST882. CaCCinh-A01 strongly reduced the colony forming ability of the cells, whereas T16(inh)-A01 did not. Conclusion: DOG1 inhibition has antitumoral effects in GIST cells in vitro, and could potentially serve as a target for GIST therapy.
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| 7. |
- Gerdin, Göran, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Researching social justice and health (in)equality across different school health and physical education contexts in Sweden, Norway and New Zealand
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Physical Education Review. - : Sage Publications. - 1356-336X .- 1741-2749. ; 25:1, s. 273-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The way school Health and Physical Education (HPE) is conceptualized and taught will impact on its ability to provide equitable outcomes across gender, sexuality, ethnicity, religion and social class. A focus on social justice in HPE is pertinent in times when these ideals are currently under threat from neoliberal globalization. This paper draws on data from the initial year of an international collaboration project called ‘Education for Equitable Health Outcomes – The Promise of School Health and Physical Education’ involving HPE and Physical Education Teacher Education researchers from Sweden, Norway and New Zealand. The data in this paper record the researchers’ presentations and discussions about issues of social justice and health as informed by school visits and interviews with HPE teachers in the three different countries. The analysis of the data is focused on what is addressed in the name of social justice in each of the three countries and how cross-cultural researchers of social justice in HPE interpret different contexts. In order to analyse the data, we draw on Michael Uljens’s concepts of non-affirmative and non-hierarchical education. The findings suggest that researching social justice and health (in)equality across different countries offers both opportunities and challenges when it comes to understanding the enactment of social justice in school and HPE practices. We conclude by drawing on Uljens to assert that the quest for social justice in HPE should focus on further problematizing affirmative and hierarchical educational practices since social justice teaching strategies are enabled and constrained by the contexts in which they are practised.
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| 10. |
- Middeldorp, Christel M., et al.
(författare)
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The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia : design, results and future prospects
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 34:3, s. 279-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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