| 1. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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EHEC's öde på frilandsodlade grönsaker
- 2010
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sjukdomsutbrott orsakade av tarmsmittor (t.ex. Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Shigella, Norovirus) har tidigare främst förknippats med animaliska produkter. Under de senaste åren har dock utbrott relaterade till frukt och grönt ökat; 49 frukt- och grönt relaterade utbrott med ca 2500 sjukdomsfall registrerades under tiden 1997-2009. Mörkertalet är dock stort och kan beroende på sjukdomsalstraren vara 4-10 gånger högre. Fram till 2004 klassades hotet från frukt och grönt som ringa. Det svenska utbrottet av EHEC, en aggressiv form av E. coli, i samband med produktion av isbergssallad under hösten 2005, satte problemet med fekal förorening i frukt och grönt på den svenska agendan. Smittorna kan överföras i hela kedjan från jord till bord och problemet är mest påtagligt för frukt och grönt som konsumeras rå eller med minimal tillredning. Organisk gödsel och bevattningsvatten har identifierats som huvudsakliga smittkällor vid odling av frilandskulturer, men det finns även andra smittkällor, t.ex. vilda djur, husdjur och människor. För att förhindra dessa utbrott är det viktigt att bryta smittcykeln. Vi har studerat om E. coli, i synnerhet EHEC, överlever på grönt, när smittan överförts med bevattningsvatten. Vi använde oss av en EHEC-stam som inte kan framkalla sjukdom, men som i övrigt har de för EHEC unika miljömässiga egenskaperna (biokemisk EHEC). Enligt våra resultat minskar förekomsten av biokemisk EHEC med ökande tidsintervall mellan bevattnings- och skördetillfälle. Minskningen beror på halten av biokemisk EHEC i bevattningsvattnet. Val av E. coli-stam för provokation och analyssätt är väsentliga. För att undvika sjukdomsutbrott i samband med odling av persilja, ska ett intervall av 72 timmar mellan bevattning med smittat bevattningsvatten och skörd inte underskridas
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Patrik U, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Highly Rovibrationally Excited Ammonia from Dissociative Recombination of NH4
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 1:17, s. 2519-2523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal energy distribution of ammonia formed in the dissociative recombination (DR) of NH4+ with electrons has been studied by an imaging technique at the ion storage ring CRYRING. The DR process resulted in the formation of NH3 + H (0.90 ± 0.01), with minor contributions from channels producing NH2 + H2 (0.05 ± 0.01) and NH2 + 2H (0.04 ± 0.02). The formed NH3 molecules were highly internally excited, with a mean rovibrational energy of 3.3 ± 0.4 eV, which corresponds to 70% of the energy released in the neutralization process. The internal energy distribution was semiquantitatively reproduced by ab initio direct dynamics simulations, and the calculations suggested that the NH3 molecules are highly vibrationally excited while rotational excitation is limited. The high internal excitation and the translational energy of NH3 and H will influence their subsequent reactivity, an aspect that should be taken into account when developing detailed models of the interstellar medium and ammonia-containing plasmas.
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| 4. |
- Grubb, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide administration on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 75, s. 949-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To image the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow by means of scintigraphy, evaluate ventilation-perfusion (V-A/Q) matching and pulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt) by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), and measure arterial oxygenation and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations before, during, and after pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) administration to isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency.Animals-3 healthy adult Standardbreds.Procedures-Nitric oxide was pulsed into the inspired gases in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Assessment of V-A/Q matching, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 content was performed by use of the MIGET, and spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow was measured by perfusion scintigraphy following IV injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled macroaggregated human albumin before, during, and 30 minutes after cessation of PiNO administration.Results-During PiNO administration, significant redistribution of blood flow from the dependent regions to the nondependent regions of the lungs was found and was reflected by improvements in V-A/Q matching, decreases in Qs/Qt, and increases in PaO2 content, all of which reverted to baseline values at 30 minutes after PiNO administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Administration of PiNO in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions. Because hypoxemia is commonly the result of atelectasis in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses, the addition of nitric oxide to inhaled gases could be used clinically to alleviate hypoxemia in horses during anesthesia.
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| 5. |
- Inzunza, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Selective insulin-like growth factor-I antagonist inhibits mouse embryo development in a dose-dependent manner
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 93:8, s. 2621-2626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the role of a synthetic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) antagonist, picropodophyllin, for mouse preimplantation embryo development in vivo and in vitro. DESIGN: In vitro and in vivo study. SETTING: Hospital-based research unit. ANIMALS: FVB/N mice and mouse embryos. INTERVENTION(S): The effect of picropodophyllin in mouse embryo development in vivo and in vitro, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Embryo development, presence of IGF-IR, messenger RNA expression, IGF-I synthesis. RESULT(S): The effect of picropodophyllin on embryo development in vitro and in vivo was not reversible. Mice treated with picropodophyllin 1 to 3 days after mating had a reduced number of blastocysts, 40.5% versus 78.8%, and a higher number of embryos with delayed development, 48.6% versus 11.5%. Insulin-like growth factor-IR protein is present in both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated form at all stages of embryo development. The relative IGF-IR messenger RNA expression was highest in the oocyte and reduced during development to blastocyst stage. Insulin-like growth factor-I in culture media was reduced after picropodophyllin treatment. CONCLUSION(S): We conclude that IGF-I has an important role in normal mouse embryo development and that its receptor plays an essential role in the embryonic genome activation process.
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| 6. |
- Lamb, Michael E., et al.
(författare)
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Developmentally Appropriate Interview Techniques
- 2012
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Ingår i: Law and Psychology. - : Oxford University Press.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alleged victims of child abuse are often the only sources of information about the crimes by which they have been victimized. This places them in the role of experts when conversing about their experiences. Although there are clear developmental deficiencies in memory, communication skills, and social style that have long fed scepticism about the reliability or accuracy of child witnesses, a considerable body of research now demonstrates that children's informativeness in such conversations is profoundly shaped not only by the children's capacity but also by the behaviours and practices of their interviewers. This chapter summarizes current understanding of developmental factors that affect children's ability to provide accurate information about events they have experienced. Specifically, it discusses what can be remembered about such experiences, how this information can be retrieved, and how it can be communicated or conveyed more effectively. Communicative success depends on how well children understand their role in the interviews and how effectively interviewers can take advantage of children's competences and abilities to help them recount past experiences accurately and maximize their performances.
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| 7. |
- Ma, Zuheng, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes reduces beta-cell mitochondria and induces distinct morphological abnormalities, which are reproducible by high glucose in vitro with attendant dysfunction
- 2012
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Ingår i: ISLETS. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-2014 .- 1938-2022. ; 4:3, s. 233-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the impact of a diabetic state with hyperglycemia on morphometry of beta-cell mitochondria and modifying influence of a K+-ATP channel opener and we related in vivo findings with glucose effects in vitro. For in vivo experiments, islets from syngeneic rats were transplanted under the kidney capsule to neonatally streptozotocin-diabetic or nondiabetic recipients. Diabetic recipients received vehicle, or tifenazoxide (NN414), intragastrically for 9 weeks. Non-diabetic rats received vehicle. Transplants were excised 7 d after cessation of treatment (wash-out) and prepared for electron microscopy. Morphological parameters were measured from approx. 25,000 mitochondria. Rat islets were cultured in vitro for 2-3 weeks at 27 or 11 (control) mmol/l glucose. Transplants to diabetic rats displayed decreased numbers of mitochondria (-31%, p < 0.05), increased mitochondrial volume and increased mitochondrial outer surface area, p < 0.001. Diabetes increased variability in mitochondrial size with frequent appearance of mega-mitochondria. Tifenazoxide partly normalized diabetes-induced effects, and mega-mitochondria disappeared. Long-term culture of islets at 27 mmol/l glucose reproduced the in vivo morphological abnormalities. High-glucose culture was also associated with reduced ATP and ADP contents, reduced oxygen consumption, reduced signaling by MitoTracker Red and reduction of mitochondrial proteins (complexes I-IV), OPA 1 and glucose-induced insulin release. We conclude that (1) a long-term diabetic state leads to a reduced number of mitochondria and to distinct morphological abnormalities which are replicated by high glucose in vitro; (2) the morphological abnormalities are coupled to dysfunction; (3) K+-ATP channel openers may have potential to partly reverse glucose-induced effects.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ronquist, Göran K., et al.
(författare)
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Prostasomal DNA Characterization and Transfer Into Human Sperm
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Reproduction and Development. - : Wiley. - 1040-452X .- 1098-2795. ; 78:7, s. 467-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human prostasomes, exosome-like microvesicles secreted by acinar cells of the prostate gland, contain chromosomal DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from seminal prostasomes displayed fragments of over 12 kb and smaller, with a distinct band around 1 kb that was excised, cloned, and sequenced. The sequences showed 8 out of 25 clones (32%) originating from genes. We elaborated the concept further by carrying out a genome-wide DNA copy number analysis of prostasomal DNA, hypothesizing that human prostasomes contain fragments of DNA randomly selected from the entire genome. Acridine orange-stained prostasomes were incubated with freshly prepared sperm for different times, and a transfer of acridine orange-stained prostasomal DNA to sperm (preferentially the head region) was observed. Fluorescence microscopy of slices in the center of 14 optical slides of the sperm head displayed an even fluorescence rather than a halo-like one, indicating DNA-uptake rather than just binding along the sperm head membrane.
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| 10. |
- Ronquist, Göran K, et al.
(författare)
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Prostasomes are heterogeneous regarding size and appearance but affiliated to one DNA-containing exosome family
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 72:16, s. 1736-1745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Prostate acinar epithelial cells release microvesicles (prostasomes) that possess pleiotropic biological effects relevant for successful fertilization. Prostasomes are formed in a similar way as exosomes but are heterogeneous as regards size and appearance. Like exosomes they are thought to be mediators of intercellular communication.METHODS:We prepared seminal prostasomes in accordance with the prevailing protocol for exosome preparation including passage through a 0.2 µm filter and centrifugation in a sucrose gradient.RESULTS:We compared the "filterable prostasomes" with those trapped on the filter ("nonfilterable prostasomes") and, qualitatively, no conspicuous differences were apparent regarding ultrastructure and SDS-PAGE banding pattern. Moreover, both types of prostasomes contained DNA fragments and Western blot revealed presence of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), CD38, and annexin A1.CONCLUSIONS: Reasonably, prostasomes could be included in the exosome family and be regarded as one entity containing chromosomal DNA.
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