| 1. |
- Nilsson, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Ljungan virus antibodies, HLA-DQ8, and insulin autoantibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children
- 2013
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Ingår i: Viral immunology. - : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.. - 0882-8245 .- 1557-8976. ; 26:3, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental factors, including viral infections, may explain an increasing and fluctuating incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ljungan virus (LV) isolated from bank voles have been implicated, but it is unclear whether LV contributes to islet autoimmunity, progression to clinical onset, or both, of T1D. The aim was to test whether LV antibodies (LVAb) were related to HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients (n = 676) and controls (n = 309). Patients, 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with T1D in 1996-2005 were analyzed for LVAb, HLA-DQ genotypes, and all seven known islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA). LVAb at 75th percentile, defined as cut off, was 90 (range 6-3936) U/mL and 4th quartile LVAb were found in 25% (170/676) of which 64% were < 10 (n = 108, p < 0.0001), and 27% were < 5 (n = 45; p < 0.0001) years old. The 4th quartile LVAb in children < 10 years of age correlated to HLA DQ2/8, 8/8, and 8/X (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in the group with 4th quartile LVAb, 55% were IAA positive (p = 0.01) and correlation was found between 4th quartile LVAb and IAA in children < 10 years of age (p = 0.035). It is concluded that 1) LVAb were common among the young T1D patients and LVAb levels were higher in the younger age groups; 2) 4th quartile LVAb correlated with IAA; and 3) there was a correlation between 4th quartile LVAb and HLA-DQ8, particularly in the young patients. The presence of LVAb supports the notion that prior exposure to LV may be associated with T1D.
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| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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EHEC's öde på frilandsodlade grönsaker
- 2010
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Ingår i: LTJ-fakultetens faktablad.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sjukdomsutbrott orsakade av tarmsmittor (t.ex. Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Shigella, Norovirus) har tidigare främst förknippats med animaliska produkter. Under de senaste åren har dock utbrott relaterade till frukt och grönt ökat; 49 frukt- och grönt relaterade utbrott med ca 2500 sjukdomsfall registrerades under tiden 1997-2009. Mörkertalet är dock stort och kan beroende på sjukdomsalstraren vara 4-10 gånger högre. Fram till 2004 klassades hotet från frukt och grönt som ringa. Det svenska utbrottet av EHEC, en aggressiv form av E. coli, i samband med produktion av isbergssallad under hösten 2005, satte problemet med fekal förorening i frukt och grönt på den svenska agendan. Smittorna kan överföras i hela kedjan från jord till bord och problemet är mest påtagligt för frukt och grönt som konsumeras rå eller med minimal tillredning. Organisk gödsel och bevattningsvatten har identifierats som huvudsakliga smittkällor vid odling av frilandskulturer, men det finns även andra smittkällor, t.ex. vilda djur, husdjur och människor. För att förhindra dessa utbrott är det viktigt att bryta smittcykeln. Vi har studerat om E. coli, i synnerhet EHEC, överlever på grönt, när smittan överförts med bevattningsvatten. Vi använde oss av en EHEC-stam som inte kan framkalla sjukdom, men som i övrigt har de för EHEC unika miljömässiga egenskaperna (biokemisk EHEC). Enligt våra resultat minskar förekomsten av biokemisk EHEC med ökande tidsintervall mellan bevattnings- och skördetillfälle. Minskningen beror på halten av biokemisk EHEC i bevattningsvattnet. Val av E. coli-stam för provokation och analyssätt är väsentliga. För att undvika sjukdomsutbrott i samband med odling av persilja, ska ett intervall av 72 timmar mellan bevattning med smittat bevattningsvatten och skörd inte underskridas
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and smoking habits in pregnant women
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 15:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking, and more difficulties with smoking cessation compared to non-ADHD individuals. Women with ADHD may therefore show elevated rates of smoking during pregnancy.Aims: To examine the association between ADHD and smoking habits among pregnant women in Sweden and Norway.Methods: Women pregnant for the first time were identified in Sweden (n = 622,037), and Norway (n = 293,383), of which 1.2% (n = 7,444), and 1.7% (n = 4,951) were defined as having ADHD, respectively. Data on smoking habits were collected early and late in pregnancy.Results: In Sweden, ADHD was associated with an increased risk of smoking early in pregnancy, adjusted risk ratio (adjRR) 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 2.58-2.81), and late in pregnancy, adjRR 2.95 (2.80-3.10). Similar findings were observed in the Norwegian data, early in pregnancy, adjRR 2.31 (2.21-2.40), and late in pregnancy, adjRR 2.56 (2.42-2.70). Women with ADHD were more likely to continue smoking during pregnancy, compared to women without ADHD, both in Sweden adjRR 1.13 (1.10-1.17), and in Norway, adjRR 1.16 (1.12-1.20). Having a sibling diagnosed with ADHD was associated with an increased risk of smoking early and late in pregnancy, in both Sweden and Norway.Conclusions: Women with ADHD are considerably more likely to smoke early and late in (their first) pregnancy and are less likely to stop smoking between the two time points. Smoking, early and late in pregnancy, co-aggregates in families with ADHD. Smoking prevention and intervention programs should be targeted towards women with ADHD, specifically during their childbearing years, to ensure better mother and child outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Depression and anxiety disorders during the postpartum period in women diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 325, s. 817-823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of poor mental health. However, the understanding of ADHD-related burden and impairments in women during the postpartum period is limited. The aim with the present study was to examine the risk of depression and anxiety disorders during the postpartum period among women with and without an ADHD diagnosis.Methods: We used register-based data to identify women who gave birth to their first and/or second child between 2005 and 2013 in Sweden (n = 773,047), of which 0.5 % (n = 3515) had a diagnosis of ADHD prior to pregnancy. Diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders up to one year after delivery were collected from the national patient register.Results: A total of 16.76 % of the women with an ADHD diagnosis were also diagnosed with depression disorders in the postpartum period, prevalence ratio (PR) 5.09 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 4.68-5.54). A total of 24.92 % of the women with an ADHD diagnosis were also diagnosed with anxiety disorders in the postpartum period, PR 5.41 (5.06-5.78). Stratified results revealed that having a diagnosis of ADHD increased the risk for both depression and anxiety disorders postpartum, beyond other well-known risk factors.Limitations: There is a potential risk of surveillance bias as women diagnosed with ADHD are more likely to have repeated visits to psychiatric care and might have an enhanced likelihood of also being diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders postpartum, compared to women without ADHD.Conclusions: ADHD is an important risk factor for both depression and anxiety disorders postpartum. Therefore, ADHD needs to be considered in the maternal care, regardless of sociodemographic factors and the presence of other psychiatric disorders.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic overlap between ADHD and externalizing, internalizing and neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 48:6, s. 455-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (Wilens, Biederman & Spencer 2002) and affects approximately 5% of children (Polanczyk, de Lima, Horta, Biederman & Rohde 2007). About half of those diagnosed in childhood continue to have the diagnosis and symptoms in adulthood (Kessler et al. 2006). The co-occurrence of ADHD with other psychiatric disorder symptoms (Burt et al. 2001; Cole et al. 2009; Polderman et al. 2014) has been suggested to be partly explained by a shared genetic vulnerability (Polderman et al. 2014). However, the strength of the genetic overlap is currently unclear. Also, no study has examined whether the genetic correlations differs between age groups (childhood versus adulthood), by rater (self-report, other informant, combined (parent-teacher, parent-twin, teacher-twin)), or by type of psychiatric disorder symptoms (externalizing, internalizing, neu-rodevelopmental). To address this gap, we conducted a systematic literature search to identify relevant twin studies, in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. A total of 31 articles were identified and included in the present study. The pooled estimates showed that the comorbidity between ADHD and diverse psychiatric disorder symptoms were explained by shared genetic effectsrg= 0.50 (0.43–0.56). A similar shared genetic overlap between ADHD and psychiatric disorder symptoms was observed in both childhood rg= 0.51(0.42–0.61) and adulthood rg= 0.47 (0.40–0.53). Similar results werealso found for self-reports rg= 0.49 (0.42–0.55), other informants rg= 0.50 (0.40–0.60), and combined raters rg= 0.51 (0.30–0.69). Further, the strength of the genetic correlations of ADHD with the externalizing rg= 0.49 (0.39–0.59), internalizing rg= 0.55 (0.40–0.68) and neurodevelopmental rg= 0.47 (0.40–0.53) spectrums were similar in magnitude. These findings emphasize the presence of a shared genetic liability between ADHD and externalizing, internalizing and neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms, independent of age and rater.ReferencesBurt, S. A., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G. (2001).Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: the importance ofshared environment.Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 4, 516–525.Cole, J., Ball, H. A., Martin, N. C., Scourfield, J., McGuffin, P.(2009). Genetic overlap between measures of hyperactivity/inatten-tion and mood in children and adolescents.J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatry48, 1094–1101.Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C.K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik,K., Spencer, T., Ustun, T. B., Walters, E. E., Zaslavsky, A. M. (2006).The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States:results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Am JPsychiatry, 163, 716–723.Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., Rohde,L. A. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematicreview and metaregression analysis.Am J Psychiatry, 164, 942-8.Polderman, T. J., Hoekstra, R. A., Posthuma, D., Larsson, H.(2014). The co-occurrence of autistic and ADHD dimensions inadults: an etiological study in 17,770 twins.Transl Psychiatry2014;4: e435.Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., Spencer, T. J. (2002). Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan.Annual Review Med53:113–131.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-
(författare)
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How is ADHD associated with comorbidities and health related outcomes? : The role of familial factors and ADHD during pregnancy
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. ADHD is associated with several comorbidities and health-related outcomes. However, it is uncertain whether ADHD is more strongly associated with certain disorder domains, and whether ADHD-related comorbidities and health-related outcomes is important to consider during pregnancy. Aims: To expand the knowledge regarding the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric disorder symptoms, and to increase the awareness and understanding related to ADHD in women, with a focus on adverse health behaviors, mental health problems, and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: The present thesis includes one systematic review and metaanalysis (Study I), and three studies based on population-based register data from Sweden (Study II, III, and IV), and Norway (Study II).Results: Individuals with ADHD have an increased liability to meet criteria for externalizing, internalizing and neurodevelopmental disordersymptoms, and these co-occurrences are partly due to shared genetic risks. Further, ADHD is an important risk factor to consider before, during and after pregnancy, as ADHD increases the risk of smoking during pregnancy, mental health problems postpartum, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions: The genetic overlaps between ADHD and other psychiatric disorder symptoms were similar across disorder dimensions. Further, results demonstrated that ADHD is an important risk factor to consider in women surrounding pregnancy. These findings point towards the importance of recognizing that women diagnosed with ADHD need to be prioritized and allowed more attention and support by the healthcare system, specifically during their fertile years.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Research Review : The strength of the genetic overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms - a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 61:11, s. 1173-1183
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders. Twin studies have established that these co-occurrences are in part due to shared genetic risks. However, the strength of these genetic overlaps and the potential heterogeneity accounted for by type of psychiatric symptoms, age, and methods of assessment remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review to fill this gap.Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science until March 07, 2019. Genetic correlations (r(g)) were used as effect size measures.Results: A total of 31 independent studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates showed that the associations between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms were partly explained by shared genetic factors, with a pooled genetic correlation of 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.46-0.60. The genetic correlations (r(g)) between ADHD and externalizing (r(g) = .49 [0.37-0.61]), internalizing (r(g) = .50 [0.39-0.69]), and neurodevelopmental (r(g) = .56 [0.47-0.66]) symptoms were similar in magnitude. The genetic correlations in childhood and adulthood werer(g) = .53 (0.43-0.63) andr(g) = .51 (0.44-0.56), respectively. For methods of assessment, the genetic correlations were also similar in strength, self-reportsr(g) = .52 (0.47-0.58), other informantsr(g) = .55 (0.41-0.69), and combined ratersr(g) = .50 (0.33-0.65).Conclusions: These findings indicate that the co-occurrence of externalizing, internalizing, and neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in individuals with ADHD symptoms in part is due to a shared genetic risk.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Patrik U, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of Highly Rovibrationally Excited Ammonia from Dissociative Recombination of NH4
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 1:17, s. 2519-2523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The internal energy distribution of ammonia formed in the dissociative recombination (DR) of NH4+ with electrons has been studied by an imaging technique at the ion storage ring CRYRING. The DR process resulted in the formation of NH3 + H (0.90 ± 0.01), with minor contributions from channels producing NH2 + H2 (0.05 ± 0.01) and NH2 + 2H (0.04 ± 0.02). The formed NH3 molecules were highly internally excited, with a mean rovibrational energy of 3.3 ± 0.4 eV, which corresponds to 70% of the energy released in the neutralization process. The internal energy distribution was semiquantitatively reproduced by ab initio direct dynamics simulations, and the calculations suggested that the NH3 molecules are highly vibrationally excited while rotational excitation is limited. The high internal excitation and the translational energy of NH3 and H will influence their subsequent reactivity, an aspect that should be taken into account when developing detailed models of the interstellar medium and ammonia-containing plasmas.
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