| 1. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with large disruptions in the payment system : stakeholder experience from stakeholder workshops and computer based simulation gaming exercises
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 141-145, s. 141-145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe a work in progress where a mixed methods approach is used to increase insight into what kind of consequences a temporal disruption or total breakdown of the payment system creates for a large variety of societal actors and to increase insight in how their collaborative behaviour can be guided to be more resilient. This approach includes data from different types of data collections; workshop with high-level decisionmakers from involved sectors, interviews with citizens, representatives from the fuel, foods, and finance sectors, as well as experiences from 15 simulation game exercises with stakeholders. The triangulated and aggregated outcomes of the different data collections resulted in a set of recommendations on how to cope with disruptions in the card payment system.
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| 2. |
- Bergsten, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Designing engaging computer based simulation games for increasing societal resilience to payment system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 166-172, s. 166-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large or lengthy disruptions to the card payment system are threats that can cause crisis in society, especially in countries where other payment options are scarce. This paper presents a study that provides suggestions on how to improve a simulation game used to increase societal resilience to payment system disruptions. Questionnaires and interviews have been used to investigate how 16 participant in crisis exercises experience realism, relevance and validity in such exercises. Suggestions on how to improve the simulation game are provided, such as improvements to the graphical interface and introducing supporting roles from the exercise management.
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| 3. |
- Borking, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Transcending Business Intelligence
- 2022. - Third
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det största problemet med mänskligt beslutsfattande är att intuitionen sällan är tillräcklig. I många fall är det helt enkelt för svårt att fatta rationella och väl övervägda beslut utan hjälp. Ett ännu större problem är att de flesta inte inser detta. Människor tror att de är rationella men i själva verket är deras förmåga till rationalitet ganska begränsad, en situation som förvärras av villfarelsen att vi utan någon form av hjälp kan fatta kloka beslut. Man kan tycka att organisationer och människor bara ska gå vidare med saker och ting så bra de kan och lämna det där, men det är ofta så att beslut påverkar andra människor, ibland ganska mycket, ibland avgörande, och i vissa fall påverkar de många. andra människor eller organismer, födda och ofödda. Det gäller till exempel offentliga beslut om policys, inte minst under covid-19-pandemin, och om storskaliga infrastrukturprojekt. Inte ovanligt får vi intrycket av ett oacceptabelt stort inslag av slump, även i mycket kostsamma eller kontroversiella frågor. Detta är ganska onödigt.
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| 4. |
- Danielson, Mats, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Multi-criteria Decisions Under Conditions of Strong Uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Multicriteria and Optimization Models for Risk, Reliability, and Maintenance Decision Analysis. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030896478 - 9783030896461 ; , s. 41-55
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decisions under risk and multi-criteria decisions are unfortunately usually studied independently, despite the fact that in actual decision-making problems often contain several criteria, as well as uncertain outcomes. This is unnecessary since the two approaches can quite straightforwardly be used within the same framework. This article describes how it can be done when the decision components are imprecise in terms of intervals and qualitative estimates. We also demonstrate an implementation of the theory on a real-life decision problem.
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| 5. |
- Ekenberg, Love, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for COVID-19 Pandemic Intervention Modelling and Analysis for Policy Formation Support in Botswana
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions. - : Sri Lanka Journals Online (JOL). - 1800-4156 .- 2550-2794. ; 15:3, s. 46-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med denna forskning var att utveckla ett metodiskt ramverk som skulle kunna tillämpas för policybildning i situationer med en hög nivå av osäkerhet och heterogenitet av befintliga åsikter bland involverade intressenter om riskreducering och hantering såsom covid-19 pandemisk risk. I detta dokument presenterar vi ett sådant ramverk och dess tillämpning för beslutsfattande i Botswana för att mildra covid-19-pandemin. Syftet med den föreslagna modellen är dubbelt: för det första att förse beslutsfattare med tillförlitlig och användbar epidemiologisk modellering eftersom åtgärder för att begränsa spridningen av covid-19-viruset till en början till stor del baserades på olika epidemiologiska riskbedömningar. För det andra, med tanke på att vissa uppsättningar åtgärder som antagits i andra delar av världen successivt medför höga eller till och med mycket höga sociala och ekonomiska kostnader för de länder som antog dessa åtgärder, tillhandahöll vi en beslutsstödsmodell med flera kriterier som kunde användas för att att väga olika politiska tillvägagångssätt för att bekämpa virusspridningen med hänsyn till lokala konsekvensbedömningar inom en mängd olika samhällsområden. Vi beskriver hur utformningen av en nationell covid-19-strategi och policy i Botswana 2020 hjälptes till genom att använda IKT-beslutsstödsmodeller som en viktig informationskälla. Därefter presenterar vi simuleringsmodellen för virusspridning och dess resultat som är kopplade till en multikriteriebeslutsstödsmodell. Slutligen diskuterar vi hur ramverket kan vidareutvecklas för Botswanas behov för att optimera riskhanteringsalternativ vid hantering av covid-19 och andra pandemiscenarier. Det betydande forskningsbidraget är att flytta fram forskningsfronten när det gäller en metodik för att inkludera heterogenitet i åsikter och identifiering av kompromisslösningar i policyrelevanta diskurser under en hög grad av osäkerhet.
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| 6. |
- Enström, Johanna
(författare)
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A Systems View of Advancements in Biomass Supply Chains
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forest fuel is an important source of energy with potential for increased use in the Nordic countries. Profitable forest operations are dependent on logistics as the forest is a natural resource with varying conditions over widespread areas. In comparison to saw log and pulp wood supply, forest fuel supply has to face challenges like low product value, seasonality and irregularity of customer demand, low bulk density and the need to process the biomass prior to delivery. In order to utilize both the economic potential and societal benefits from replacing fossil-based fuels with renewable forest fuels these challenges must be managed. This requires efficient long distance transports, with changes of transport mode typically required.This thesis examines preconditions necessary for logistic planning to achieve cost and energy efficient long distance transports within supply chains for forest fuel. The thesis has an explorative approach, including both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Paper I provides a review of the development within forestry logistics in Sweden and Finland since the beginning of the century, with focus on transports, terminal usage and storage related aspects. Paper II uses qualitative interviews to deepen the understanding of a specific forest fuel supply chain by focusing on communications and relations between the actors. Paper III is a study of the influence of a terminal before maritime transport of wood chips using simulation. Paper I shows that forestry logistics faces challenges, primarily related to increased variations in field conditions caused by climate change. The importance of terminal storage for the supply of forest products will likely increase as an effect. Also the entrepreneurs interviewed in Paper II stressed the benefits of terminals in the supply chain, e.g. enhanced planning opportunities and a more even workflow over the year. Paper III puts cost for extra terminal handling in relation to storage costs in a port and demonstrates the importance of including variation in logistic planning. The terminal flows were not profitable in the case of a small port. In order to make a well-founded decision gains in other parts of the supply chain must also be considered, even when they are harder to quantify. This deserves attention in future research.
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| 7. |
- Enström, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Wood chip supply from forest to port of loading – A simulation study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - : Elsevier. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime transport facilitates trade with bioenergy feedstocks in the Baltic region. The study aims to provide guidance on efficient organisation of logistics at the port of loading for maritime transport of wood chips. The economic effects of using an intermediate terminal as opposed to direct delivery to port were studied, as well as the relationships between production capacity and storage capacity. Discrete-Event Simulation was used to analyse scenarios where a variable part of the volume is handled through the terminal. The total supply cost, including chipping, transportation, storage and handling at inland terminal and port, as well as loading of the ship, varied between €6.73 and 7.85 per MWh in the different scenarios. The volume passing through the terminal had a significant influence on total cost, showing a supply chain cost increase of €0.78 per m3 (approxi-mately €4.67 per dry tonne) for material delivered through the terminal. The difference in storage cost between port and inland terminal determines whether the terminal volumes affect costs, which was shown by a sensitivity analysis. Even so, the terminal offers a possibility to manage uncertainty, both in production rates and inshipping date, and influences the supply network. The main advantage of using a simulation technique for planning production and logistic flows is the visualisation of risks and margins.
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| 8. |
- Große, Christine, Fil.Dr, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Information-flawing Filters in Critical Infrastructure Protection : The deficient Information Basis in a Swedish Approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Critical Infrastructures. - 1475-3219 .- 1741-8038. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various societal functions, such as healthcare, freight transports, water supplies and electricity, ensure the daily life, endurance and progress of modern societies. The protection of such critical functions requires comprehensive information processing. Based on evidence from documents on the Swedish planning process STYREL and interviews with entrusted decisionmakers at county administrative boards, municipalities and power grid operators, this study aims to crystallise information pathways and flaws to highlight information filtration and alteration. Analyses of the material reveal a set of information-flawing filters, such as information withholding or loss when sharing, information scarcity in criticality assessments and ad-hoc information creation due to scarcity. Because of these filters, the Swedish process causes an altering of information that affects the quality of decisions and the emergency response plan that relies on them. Thus, this study indicates deficiencies that relate to information sharing, information security and decision-making that pose risks to citizens and businesses.
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| 9. |
- Große, Christine, Fil.Lic, 1974-
(författare)
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Towards Systemic Governance of Critical Infrastructure Protection : State and Relevance of a Swedish Case
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The protection of infrastructure that is critical to society’s functionality, survival and progression has gained significance for both national security and research because of its large-scale and interdependent nature. Critical infrastructure can be viewed as a complex, socio-technical system-of-systems that imposes extensive requirements on governance efforts to foster critical infrastructure protection (CIP), regardless of whether it involves public organisations, private organisations or both.This dissertation investigates how systemic thinking can develop understandings of CIP and its governance. For this purpose, the dissertation presents research that was conducted in the context of an unexplored Swedish governance approach for CIP against power shortages.The dissertation consists of a three-part thesis and six peer-reviewed publications.Part A of this thesis presents the results of a substantial review of scientific literature on the concepts of systems, infrastructure and governance. Because of their recursive nature, the concepts encounter a common challenge in characterising their key elements, structures and processes. The multi-level character of CIP provokes governance to systemically address the behaviours of adaption, emergence and entropy which the complex system exhibits. Apart from contributing nuanced knowledge of systems, infrastructure and governance, Part A provides a novel frame of reference for research in the area in the form of a kaleidoscope for integrative system analysis – KISA.Part B presents the key results of a case study on the Swedish Styrel approach. The investigation is based on an examination of documents that relate to the case, interviews with 66 responsible experts and a survey among all 21 County Administrative Boards and 10 power grid operators that are responsible for stabilising the power grid during disturbances. The contri¬bution of Part B is threefold. First, it originates an extensive representation of an unexplored case of CIP governance. Second, it offers a new comprehen¬sion of practical challenges in CIP governance due to the complex nature of the system and the entangled processes. Third, it provides empirical evidence that indicates areas for development of CIP governance practices.Part C presents the results of the synthesis of theoretical and practical findings. It coalesces perspectives of critical infrastructure and system protection to elaborate on the concept of systemic governance. Fundamentally, systemic governance of CIP integrates the nexus of governance, management and leadership to address challenges regarding key properties of complex systems: entropy, emergence and adaption. Part C defines the theoretical contribution of this dissertation, namely the concept of systemic governance of CIP.
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| 10. |
- Hasselblad, Annika, 1991-
(författare)
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Unraveling the Socio-Technical Tensions of Performance Measurement in Public Welfare Organizations
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the name of efficiency, performance measurement has gained traction in public welfare organizations. The idea of performance measurement originates from views of all organizations rooted in scientific management notions that emerged during industrialization, as kinds of production units, according to an industrial logic. However, the primary objectives of public welfare organizations are to meet situational needs of individuals. Thus, applying performance measurement in public welfare organizations has resulted in tensions between social and scientific perspectives that have led to devaluation of welfare professionals’ reasoning and judgement in relation to performance measures. The purpose of the thesis is to unravel the sociotechnical tensions between performance measurement and public welfare practice by addressing the underlying logics in theory and praxis. In addition, the knowledge acquired from theory and praxis used to reflect on a practical case of performance measurement design, to advance the design of performance measurements in public welfare organizations and avoid dysfunctional effects. All six papers have contributed to elucidation of important aspects of the socio-technical tensions. First, they have provided theoretical insights regarding underlying logics and values (Paper I), and constructive and deconstructive approaches (Paper II) in public performance measurement research. Second, they have provided practical lessons showing how industrial values have obtained precedence in design, decision-making and management, as well as in the choice of data. In this sense, although they are based on a welfare logic, public welfare organizations are haunted by the ghost of industrialization, which has fueled anxiety among welfare workers, with dysfunctional consequences, as they have had to adjust to a measurement regime that does not sufficiently value their reasoning and judgement. Thus, welfare logic needs to be integrated into definitions of performance and its measurement. Third, they have informed reflections on the design of performance measurements from an empirical case study. Together with the theoretical insights and practical lessons, the reflections reveal in detail how a welfare logic can be easily subordinated in the construction of performance measurement as welfare workers are often only involved in the use stage. In summary, this thesis makes a multi-level contribution to unraveling the socio-technical tensions of performance measurement in public welfare organizations, which I hope will be useful for public welfare performance measurement researchers, measurement practitioners, welfare professionals, and managers.
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