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- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Dieting, body weight concerns and health: trends and associations in Swedish schoolchildren.
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC public health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dieting is a risk factor of both eating disorders and obesity. The aim was to examine time trends of dieting in Swedish adolescents, and explore how dieting and body weight dissatisfaction are related to self-reported health, wellbeing and health behaviours.Analyses of cross-sectional Swedish data from HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) surveys 1994-2014. In total, about 30,000 girls and boys in the age of 11, 13 and 15years participated. Data was collected by using classroom administered questionnaires in 5th, 7th and 9th grade. Logistic regressions was used to analyse secular trends of dieting, and how dieting and body dissatisfaction were associated with self-reported overall health, health behaviours, BMI and various physical, psychological and social aspects of health in 2014.Dieting increased from 1994 to 2014 in both girls and boys in all age groups, and in 2014, the prevalence was 14% in girls and 8% in boys. The prevalence of body satisfaction was 65% respectively 69%. Body weight dissatisfaction and dieting were present in all body weight classes and were associated with self-reported poor health and many other negative health aspects. In comparison with the participants that were satisfied with their body weight the odds ratio (95% CI) for self-reported poor health was 3.4 (2.6-4.4) in dieters, 4.9 (3.8-6.4) in participants who perceived a need to lose weight and 2.1 (1.5-2.8) in those who perceived a need to gain weight, when adjusting for age, sex and body weight class.When promoting health among school age children body weight dissatisfaction and dieting ought to be considered. Furthermore, it is important to support girls and boys in all weight classes to reach and maintain a healthy body image and weight.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Christina, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Livsmedel och kostmönster
- 2021
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Ingår i: Näringslära för högskolan. - : Liber. - 9789147131075
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Burton, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
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Enough time for lunch? The duration and governance of lunch eating times in Australian primary schools: A mixed-methods study.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 169:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing healthy eating behaviours is important to assist children in maintaining good health and decrease the risk of chronic health conditions. Recent nutrition promotion efforts in Australian primary schools have mainly focused on canteen guideline compliance and obesity prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary school food environment, specifically, allocated lunch eating duration and the governance of children's lunch breaks. Parents (n=402) and teachers (n=123) were asked via an online survey, about school allocated lunch eating duration and its adequacy. Respondents were asked about the supervision, monitoring and feedback of children's lunches, as well as how they felt about these practices. Parents (n=308) and teachers (n=102) also responded to the open-ended question "What could be done to improve the school food environment at your school?". Ten minutes was the allocated lunch eating duration reported by most parents and teachers and 58% of those parents and 30% of those teachers rated this as inadequate. Increasing the allocated lunch eating duration was frequently cited as a way to improve the school food environment. A similar proportion of parents and teachers agreed with teachers monitoring food intake, not providing feedback on food brought to school, and that parents should decide what children eat. More parents (44%) than teachers (23%) believed that teachers should eat their own lunch with the children. These findings provide an insight into the primary school lunch environment and the views of two key stakeholder groups. School food policies should consider these findings in future revisions, particularly with regards to eating times.
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| 5. |
- Calvén, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating and whole grains from a gender and health interest perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67:8988, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A healthy diet is important not only for the growth and development of the human body but also for the prevention of chronic diseases. However, most Swedish adolescents do not follow dietary recommendations, especially the intake of whole grain is very low. To create targeted conditions for healthy food choices amongst adolescents, comprehensive knowledge of factors related to adolescents' unhealthy and healthy eating is needed. Objective: To investigate adolescents' attitudes, preferences and perceived behaviours regarding healthy eating, with a specific focus on whole grains and to evaluate differences between genders and between adolescents with higher versus lower health interest. Design: A total of 1,178 Swedish adolescents responded to a questionnaire about their attitudes, preferences and perceived behabviours towards healthy eating and whole grains, and their general interest in nutrition and health.Results of girls and boys were compared, as well as adolescents with a higher versus lower health interest. Results: Displays information about healthy eating among adolescents and a comprehensive set of factors that may affect their ability to eat healthier. Overall, adolescents had a positive attitude towards food and health, but less than half felt that they managed to eat healthy. The consumption of different whole grain products was low, although the willingness to eat healthier and more whole grain was high. The most reported barrier to healthy eating, as well as increasing whole grain intake, was the unavailability of tasty healthy products, taste being even more important for adolescents with a low health interest than those with a high interest. Whole grain consumption and factors increasing the willingness of whole grain consumption were most prominent not only in adolescents with high health interest but also in girls compared with boys. Conclusion: The results show good potential to improve dietary habits amongst adolescents. Taste and availability of healthy products were rated the most important, whilst knowledge about the products' healthiness was rated the least important, especially amongst those with low health interest. By focusing on the attitudes and preferences of adolescents, the effectiveness may increase of initiatives to improve their dietary habits.
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| 6. |
- Franklin, Karl A., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a palaeolithic diet on obstructive sleep apnoea occurring in females who are overweight after menopause-a randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 46, s. 1833-1839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives Obesity is the main risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea, commonly occurring in females who are overweight after menopause. We aimed to study the effect of a palaeolithic diet on sleep apnoea in females with overweight after menopause from the population. Methods Seventy healthy, non-smoking females with a mean age of 60 years and a mean BMI of 33 kg/m(2) were randomised to a palaeolithic diet or to a control low-fat diet according to Nordic Nutritional Recommendations, for 2 years. The apnoea-hypopnoea index was measured and daytime sleepiness was estimated during the intervention. Results The mean apnoea-hypopnoea index at baseline was 11.6 (95% CI 8.6-14.5). The mean weight loss was 7.2 kg (95% CI 5.3-9.2 kg) in the palaeolithic diet group and 3.9 kg in the control group (95% CI 1.9-5.9 kg); p < 0.021 for the group difference. The reduction in weight corresponded to a reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index in the palaeolithic diet group (r = 0.38, p = 0.034) but not in the control group (r = 0.08, p = 0.69). The apnoea-hypopnoea index was reduced in the palaeolithic diet group when the weight was reduced by more than 8 kg. Daytime sleepiness according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score was unaffected by dietary group allocation. Conclusions A substantial decrease in body weight of 8 kg was needed to achieve a reduction in sleep apnoea in this small trial of women who are overweight after menopause. The palaeolithic diet was more effective for weight reduction than a control low-fat diet and the reduction in sleep apnoea was related to the degree of weight decrement within this diet group.
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| 8. |
- Groufh-Jacobsen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Food literacy and diet quality in young vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians and omnivores
- 2023
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800. ; 26:12, s. 3051-3061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether food literacy competencies and diet quality vary between 16-to-24-year-olds vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians and omnivores and to assess whether food literacy is associated with diet quality. Design: Cross-sectional study. Food literacy (general nutrition knowledge, critical nutrition literacy and food skills) and diet quality were measured using an electronic questionnaire. Setting: Southern Norway, September 2021 - March 2022. Participants: Healthy 16-24-year-olds (n 165). Results: Overall, the mean general nutrition knowledge score was moderate (480 out of 670); the lowest mean score was found in omnivores and the highest in flexitarians (456 v. 515) (P= 0034). The mean score of critical nutrition literacy was also moderate (37 out of 50); vegans showed higher scores compared to other dietary practices (P = 0018). No difference was observed in food skills between the different dietary practices. The overall median diet quality score was 460 out of 800, lowest in omnivores and highest in vegans (420 v. 560) (P=< 0001). In multivariate regression analyses, general nutrition knowledge, food skills and vegan dietary practice were significantly associated with higher diet quality. Conclusions: We found moderate levels of food literacy across all dietary practices. The food literacy competencies, general nutrition knowledge and food skills were associated with higher diet quality in our sample. Omnivores showed both the lowest general nutrition knowledge level and lowest diet quality scores. In contrast, both flexitarians and vegans scored highest on general nutrition knowledge and diet quality scores, despite being one of the less restrictive and one of the strictest plant-based dietary practices, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Groufh-Jacobsen, Synne, et al.
(författare)
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Micronutrient intake and status in young vegans, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians, and omnivores
- 2024
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Whether youth who follow plant-based diets in Nordic countries meet their dietary needs for micronutrients remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate micronutrient intake and status in Norwegian youth following vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian and omnivore diets. Methods Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire and four 24-hour dietary recalls. Dried blood spots (DBS) and spot-urine samples were collected for analysis of methyl malonic acid (MMA) (n = 65), haemoglobin (Hb) (n = 164) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (n = 163). Results Vegans reported highest habitual supplement usage of multivitamin (58%), B-12 (90%) and macroalgae consumption (32%), while flexitarians reported highest habitual usage of omega-3 supplements (56%). For daily supplement usage, vegans reported highest use of multivitamins (42%), B-12 (79%), iodine (37%) and iron (63%). Increased risk of inadequate intake (energy-adjusted) were found for vitamin D (60% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians), selenium (70% within lacto-ovo-vegetarians, 65% within omnivores), and iodine (63% within vegans). Median MMA levels suggest low risk of insufficient B12 status across all groups (MMA 0.04-0.37 mu mol/l) and 2% had MMA levels indicating possible B12 deficiency and 8% had elevated levels. Median Hb levels indicated low risk of anemia across all groups (>= 12.0 females, >= 13.0 g/dl males), though 7% had Hb values indicating risk of mild anemia and 4% risk of moderate anemia. The median UIC indicates mild iodine deficiency in all groups (UIC < 100 g/l), except vegans, who were moderately iodine deficient (UIC < 50 g/l). Conclusions Our study indicated that the participating youth had low risk of inadequate intake of most micronutrients, partly due to high supplement usage. However, for iodine, vitamin D, and selenium higher risk of inadequate intake was found. UIC corroborated the low iodine intake among vegans. Thus, we suggest iodine status of youth in Norway should be monitored, especially among young fertile women who omits dietary iodine sources, until a mandatory iodine fortification program is implemented. Furthermore, we suggest that food education on how to secure sufficient nutrients from food in general should be provided to the Norwegian youth population, especially how to secure adequate intake of vitamin D, selenium and iodine.
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