| 1. |
- Ebmeyer, Stefan, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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GEnView: a gene-centric, phylogeny-based comparative genomics pipeline for bacterial genomes and plasmids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 38:6, s. 1727-1728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparing genomic loci of a given bacterial gene across strains and species can provide insights into their evolution, including information on e.g. acquired mobility, the degree of conservation between different taxa or indications of horizontal gene transfer events. While thousands of bacterial genomes are available to date, there is no software that facilitates comparisons of individual gene loci for a large number of genomes. GEnView (Genetic Environment View) is a Python-based pipeline for the comparative analysis of gene-loci in a large number of bacterial genomes, providing users with automated, taxon-selective access to the >800.000 genomes and plasmids currently available in the NCBI Assembly and RefSeq databases, and is able to process local genomes that are not deposited at NCBI, enabling searches for genomic sequences and to analyze their genetic environments through the interactive visualization and extensive metadata files created by GEnView.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative Recovery: Experiences of Patients Who Have Undergone Orthopedic Day Surgery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 37:4, s. 515-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Day surgery is a common phenomenon and is associated with several benefits including cost-effectiveness. However, patients are required to manage their postoperative recovery at home. Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are a particularly vulnerable group, and their postoperative recovery requires further investigation. This study aimed to describe the experiences of postoperative recovery of patients who had undergone orthopedic day surgery.Design: A qualitative and descriptive study design was usedMethods: Participants were selected purposefully and included 18 orthopedic day-surgery patients who underwent surgery in October and November 2020. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The process of analysis was done in several steps and resulted in four categoriesFindings: Four categories that described the postoperative recovery experiences of patients who underwent orthopedic day surgery were developed: (1) Questions arose when I got home; (2) I wanted confirmation that I was on the right path; (3) I felt lonely and dependent on others; and (4) I strove to find a balance between activity and restConclusions: For most patients, there was no follow-up after day surgery. However, patients expressed a desire for confirmation that their recovery process was within the normal trajectory. Most of the recovery takes place at home, leading to feelings of loneliness and highlighting the need for support from healthcare providers and close relatives. A phone call from a nurse after surgery might offer support, reduce feelings of loneliness, and promote a sense of safety. This study highlights the importance of systematic follow-up following orthopedic day surgery.
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| 3. |
- Lund, David, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale characterization of the macrolide resistome reveals high diversity and several new pathogen-associated genes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microbial Genomics. - : Microbiology Society. - 2057-5858. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Macrolides are broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a range of infections. Resistance to macrolides is often conferred by mobile resistance genes encoding Erm methyltransferases or Mph phosphotransferases. New erm and mph genes keep being discovered in clinical settings but their origins remain unknown, as is the type of macrolide resistance genes that will appear in the future. In this study, we used optimized hidden Markov models to characterize the macrolide resistome. Over 16 terabases of genomic and metagenomic data, representing a large taxonomic diversity (11 030 species) and diverse environments (1944 metagenomic samples), were searched for the presence of erm and mph genes. From this data, we predicted 28 340 macrolide resistance genes encoding 2892 unique protein sequences, which were clustered into 663 gene families (<70 % amino acid identity), of which 619 (94 %) were previously uncharacterized. This included six new resistance gene families, which were located on mobile genetic elements in pathogens. The function of ten predicted new resistance genes were experimentally validated in Escherichia coli using a growth assay. Among the ten tested genes, seven conferred increased resistance to erythromycin, with five genes additionally conferring increased resistance to azithromycin, showing that our models can be used to predict new functional resistance genes. Our analysis also showed that macrolide resistance genes have diverse origins and have transferred horizontally over large phylogenetic distances into human pathogens. This study expands the known macrolide resistome more than ten-fold, provides insights into its evolution, and demonstrates how computational screening can identify new resistance genes before they become a significant clinical problem.
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| 4. |
- Munk, P., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic analysis of sewage from 101 countries reveals global landscape of antimicrobial resistance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Understanding the emergence, evolution, and transmission of individual antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to develop sustainable strategies combatting this threat. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing to analyse ARGs in 757 sewage samples from 243 cities in 101 countries, collected from 2016 to 2019. We find regional patterns in resistomes, and these differ between subsets corresponding to drug classes and are partly driven by taxonomic variation. The genetic environments of 49 common ARGs are highly diverse, with most common ARGs carried by multiple distinct genomic contexts globally and sometimes on plasmids. Analysis of flanking sequence revealed ARG-specific patterns of dispersal limitation and global transmission. Our data furthermore suggest certain geographies are more prone to transmission events and should receive additional attention.
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| 5. |
- Rodriguez-Molina, D., et al.
(författare)
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International Travel as a Risk Factor for Carriage of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Large Sample of European Individuals-The AWARE Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 19:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance (AR) is currently a major threat to global health, calling for a One Health approach to be properly understood, monitored, tackled, and managed. Potential risk factors for AR are often studied in specific high-risk populations, but are still poorly understood in the general population. Our aim was to explore, describe, and characterize potential risk factors for carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-resistant Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in a large sample of European individuals aged between 16 and 67 years recruited from the general population in Southern Germany, the Netherlands, and Romania. Questionnaire and stool sample collection for this cross-sectional study took place from September 2018 to March 2020. Selected cultures of participants' stool samples were analyzed for detection of ESBL-EC. A total of 1183 participants were included in the analyses: 333 from Germany, 689 from the Netherlands, and 161 from Romania. Travels to Northern Africa (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR 4.03, 95% Confidence Interval, CI 1.67-9.68), Sub-Saharan Africa (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 1.60-13.26), and Asia (aOR 4.08, 95% CI 1.97-8.43) were identified as independent risk factors for carriage of ESBL-EC. Therefore, travel to these regions should continue to be routinely asked about by clinical practitioners as possible risk factors when considering antibiotic therapy.
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