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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Cubic lipid-water phase dispersed into submicron particles
- 1996
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Ingår i: Langmuir. ; 12:20, s. 4611-4613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation of dispersed colloidal particles of a bilayer cubic phase is demonstrated and discussed in relation to the phase behavior of the components used. Examination by means of cryotransmission electron microscopy reveals submicron particles of fac
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hong, Jaan, et al.
(författare)
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A new in vitro model to study interaction between whole blood and biomaterials. Studies of platelet and coagulation activation and the effect of aspirin
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 20:7, s. 603-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a versatile in vitro chamber model with a double purpose: first, to be able to study mechanisms of bio- incompatibility, and, second, to test biomaterials at all levels of interactions, in whole blood. The use of biomaterials in the form of microscope slides as walls in the chamber makes it possible to analyse both the biomaterial surface with regard to protein and cell binding, as well as the molecular events taking place in the fluid. Incubation of blood in the chamber, for 60 min at 37°C resulted in the rapid binding of complement and coagulation proteins and of leukocytes and platelets to polyvinylchloride (PVC) slides. The cells formed a layer which more or less covered the underlying surface. Unlike complement activation, as reflected by soluble C3a and C5b-9, the thrombin—antithrombin formation was completely nullified in cell-depleted plasma. Despite the fact that throm- bin—antithrombin generation was also negligible in platelet-rich plasma, inhibition of platelet aggregation on the material surface with aspirin resulted in suppressed generation of thrombin—antithrombin complexes. Taken together, the coagulation activation in the chamber was dependent on the presence of blood cells which suggests that bound/aggregated platelets initiate a sequence of events involving leukocytes that results in coagulation activation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Helena
(författare)
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Wheat Flour Dough-Rheological and Structural Aspects
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis presents a rheological study on wheat flour dough, in relation to the structural influence of the different dough constituents, added components and mixing time. Rheological investigations have been focused on measurements at small deformations, including dynamic oscillation and stress relaxation, although complementing measurements have been performed in large deformation viscosity experiments. The dough (flour and water) accommodate two dispersed phases, air cells and starch granules. Due to the insolubility of gluten in water, starch granules and excess water (including solubles) can be considered to constitute a second aqueous phase in developed dough. This suggests that dough can be described as a phase-separated system. Ultracentrifugation of dough was demonstrated to provide a simple tool for studies of the separation properties of wheat flour dough. The advantage of this technique is that information about the components and possible interactions is obtained with only minor influence on the dough constituents. The separation properties were found to be influenced by dough water content, wheat variety, mixing time, and the presence of lipids and ascorbic acid. By studying the corresponding effect on the stress-relaxation modulus, further information useful for the interpretation of the rheological results was obtained. A difference in location of water in overmixed dough and dough mixed with excess amounts of water was found. The gluten phase was only capable of accommodating a certain amount of water (= 55%), independent of the dough water content. Prolonged mixing, however, influenced the water content of the separated gluten phase, i.e. more water was occluded with extended mixing. A considerable effect of starch content on the rheological properties of dough was demonstrated. It was also found that the influence of starch on the rheological properties increased with prolonged mixing. When the starch granule surface was modified, the rheological behaviour of the dough was influenced. This was suggested to be related to an effect on the dough structure, due to the properties of the granule surface. The properties of the gluten phase, which are often masked by the high starch content of dough, were more pronounced in the large-deformation viscosity measurements, than in the small-deformation measurements. The last part of the thesis deals with the gelation of wheat starch in the presence of the non-ionic amphiphilic polymer ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC). EHEC may be regarded as a dough improver or a model substance for other polysaccharides present in cereals. The pronounced influence of EHEC on the mechanical spectra was related to a phase separation giving one phase enriched in EHEC and the other rich in starch (granules in an amylose matrix) at 25°C. Complementary rheological measurements, such as dynamic oscillation (frequency and strain sweeps), stress relaxation and viscosity measurements, were demonstrated to be of great value in the interpretation of the results.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Påhlman, S., et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation and survival influences of growth factors in human neuroblastoma
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 31A:4, s. 453-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human neuroblastoma cell lines are established from high-stage, highly malignant tumours. Despite this and the fact that these tumours are arrested at an early, immature stage, many cell lines have the capacity to undergo neuronal differentiation under proper growth conditions. One such cell line is the noradrenergic SH-SY5Y cell line. These cells can be induced to mature by a variety of modalities, resulting in different mature phenotypes. The use of this cell system as a model to study the stem cell character of neuroblastoma is reviewed and discussed. In particular, we focus on growth factor dependencies in the SH-SY5Y system, and compare that to the normal situation, i.e. growth factor control of sympathetic neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation during human and rat embryogenesis.
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| 9. |
- Söderholm, Helena, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Human achaete-scute homologue 1 (HASH-1) is downregulated in differentiating neuroblastoma cells
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2104 .- 0006-291X. ; 256:3, s. 557-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mammalian achaete-scute homologue, MASH-1, is crucial for early development of the sympathetic nervous system and is transiently expressed in sympathetic neuroblasts during embryogenesis. Here we report that the human homologue (HASH-1) was expressed in all analyzed cell lines (6/6) derived from the sympathetic nervous system tumor neuroblastoma. The majority of small-cell lung carcinoma (4/5) cell lines tested expressed HASH-1, while other nonneuronal/non-neuroendocrine cell lines were negative. Induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells resulted in HASH-1 downregulation. This occurred concomitant with induction of neurite outgrowth and expression of the neuronal marker genes GAP-43 and neuropeptide Y. Constitutive expression of exogenous HASH-1 did not alter the capacity of the neuroblastoma cells to differentiate in response to differentiation-inducing agents. It is concluded that moderate HASH-1 expression does not compromise the capacity of these cells to differentiate.
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| 10. |
- Verbaan, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection and the interrelationship between primary Sjogren's syndrome and hepatitis C in Swedish patients
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 245:2, s. 127-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency of some extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in northern European patients, including a postulated association between HCV and primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Department of Medicine, Malmo University Hospital, Sweden. PATIENTS: Twenty-one patients with HCV infection and 53 with primary SS (according to the Copenhagen criteria). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cryoglobulins were analysed in all patients, while patients with primary SS were investigated with regard to markers of HCV infection, and HCV patients with objective tests of SS (Schirmer-1 test, break-up time, van Bijsterveld score, sialometry, labial salivary gland biopsy) and antibodies against nuclear antigens, smooth muscle (SMA) and mitochondria (AMA). HCV antigens in small salivary glands from lower lip biopsies were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Only one of the SS patients had detectable cryoprecipitates, while another was HCV-positive. None of the 21 HCV patients had cryoprecipitates. A total of 14/21 (67%) patients with HCV infection had at least one abnormal objective test suggestive of xerostomia or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, while eight (38%) had objective evidence of both eye and salivary gland involvement. HCV antigens were not detected in affected glands. Only two patients had clinical symptoms of SS, and two fulfilled the Copenhagen criteria for SS. None of the HCV-positive patients had detectable antibodies against SS-A, SS-B, RNP, Jo-1, PCNA or Scl-70, and the frequency of ANA/SMA/AMA was low. CONCLUSIONS: While involvement of salivary and lacrimal glands was common in Swedish patients with HCV infection, cryoglobulinaemia was not observed. The pathogenetic mechanism responsible for glandular inflammation appears to be different from that in primary SS. HCV infection does not seem to be an aetiological factor for primary SS in this population. These observations suggest that viral, genetic or possibly environmental factors may be responsible for the reported high frequencies of systemic complications associated with chronic hepatitis C infection in southern Europe.
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