| 1. |
- Kanatsuna, N, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ or both, in patients and controls with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Patients (n = 676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n = 363) were analysed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, ZnT8QA and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19% (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (P < 0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR = 1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; P = 0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans-heterodimers, rather than cis-heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes.
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| 2. |
- Kanatsuna, Norio, et al.
(författare)
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Doubly reactive INS-IGF2 autoantibodies in children with newly diagnosed autoimmune (type 1) diabetes.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 82:4, s. 361-369
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The splice variant INS-IGF2 entails the preproinsulin signal peptide, the insulin B-chain, eight amino acids of the C-peptide and 138 unique amino acids from an ORF in the IGF2 gene. The aim was to determine whether levels of specific INS-IGF2 autoantibodies (INS-IGF2A) were related to age at diagnosis, islet autoantibodies, HLA-DQ, or both, in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients and controls. Patients (n=676), 0-18 years of age, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 1996-2005 and controls (n=363) were analyzed for specific INS-IGF2A after displacement with both cold insulin and INS-IGF2 to correct for non-specific binding and identify double reactive sera. GADA, IA-2A, IAA, ICA, ZnT8RA, ZnT8WA, and ZnT8QA, and HLA-DQ genotypes were also determined. The median level of specific INS-IGF2A was higher in patients than controls (p<0.001). Irrespective of age at diagnosis, 19 % (126/676) of the patients had INS-IGF2A when the cut-off was the 95th percentile of the controls (p<0.001). The risk of INS-IGF2A was increased among HLA-DQ2/8 (OR=1.509; 95th CI 1.011, 2.252; p=0.045) but not in 2/2, 2/X, 8/8, 8/X or X/X (X is neither 2 nor 8) patients. The association with HLA-DQ2/8 suggests that this autoantigen may be presented on HLA-DQ trans, rather than cis heterodimers. Autoantibodies reactive with both insulin and INS-IGF2A at diagnosis support the notion that INS-IGF2 autoimmunity contributes to type 1 diabetes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Wester, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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An Increased Diagnostic Sensitivity of Truncated GAD65 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes May Be Related to HLA-DQ8
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 66:3, s. 735-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- N-terminally truncated (96-585) GAD65 (tGAD65) autoantibodies may better delineate type 1 diabetes than full-length GAD65 (fGAD65) autoantibodies. We aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity between fGAD65 and tGAD65 autoantibodies for type 1 diabetes in relation to HLA-DQ. Sera from children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (n = 654) and healthy control subjects (n = 605) were analyzed in radiobinding assays for fGAD65 (fGADA), tGAD65 (tGADA), and commercial (125)I-GAD65 (RSRGADA) autoantibodies. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the receiver operating characteristic curve did not differ between fGADA and tGADA. At the optimal cutoff, the diagnostic sensitivity for fGADA was lower than tGADA at similar diagnostic specificities. In 619 patients, 64% were positive for RSRGADA compared with 68% for fGADA and 74% for tGADA. Using non-DQ2/non-DQ8 patients as reference, the risk of being diagnosed with fGADA and tGADA was increased in patients with DQ2/2 and DQ2/8. Notably, logistic regression analysis suggested that DQ8/8 patients had an increased risk to be diagnosed with tGADA (P = 0.003) compared with fGADA (P = 0.09). tGADA had a higher diagnostic sensitivity for type 1 diabetes than both fGADA and RSRGADA. As DQ8/8 patients represent 10-11% of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes <18 years of age, tGADA analysis should prove useful for disease classification.
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| 4. |
- Abellán, C., et al.
(författare)
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Challenging Local Realism with Human Choices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557, s. 212-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism , in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings. Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical setting choices and argued that human 'free will' could be used rigorously to ensure unpredictability in Bell tests. Here we report a set of local-realism tests using human choices, which avoids assumptions about predictability in physics. We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and illustrates Bell-test methodology. The participants generated 97,347,490 binary choices, which were directed via a scalable web platform to 12 laboratories on five continents, where 13 experiments tested local realism using photons, single atoms, atomic ensembles and superconducting devices. Over a 12-hour period on 30 November 2016, participants worldwide provided a sustained data flow of over 1,000 bits per second to the experiments, which used different human-generated data to choose each measurement setting. The observed correlations strongly contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bi-partite and tri-partite 12 scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the 'freedom-of-choice loophole' (the possibility that the setting choices are influenced by 'hidden variables' to correlate with the particle properties), the utilization of video-game methods for rapid collection of human-generated randomness, and the use of networking techniques for global participation in experimental science.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Almlöf, Jonas
(författare)
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Quantum error correction
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quantum error correction is the art of protecting quantum states from the detrimental influence from the environment. To master this art, one must understand how the system interacts with the environment and gives rise to a full set of quantum phenomena, many of which have no correspondence in classical information theory. Such phenomena include decoherence, an effect that in general destroys superpositions of pure states as a consequence of entanglement with the environment. But decoherence can also be understood as “information leakage”, i.e., when knowledge of an encoded code block is transferred to the environment. In this event, the block’s information or entanglement content is typically lost.In a typical scenario, however, not all types of destructive events are likely to occur, but only those allowed by the information carrier, the type of interaction with the environment, and how the environment “picks up” information of the error events. These characteristics can be incorporated into a code, i.e., a channel-adapted quantum error-correcting code.Often, it is assumed that the environment’s ability to distinguish between error events is small, and I will denote such environments “memory-less”. But this assumption is not always valid, since the ability to distinguish error events is related to the temperature of the environment, and in the particular case of information coded onto photons, kBTR «ℏω typically holds, and one must then assume that the environment has a “memory”. In the thesis I describe a short quantum error-correction code adapted for photons interacting with a “cold” reservoir, i.e., a reservoir which continuously probes what error occurred in the coded state.I also study other types of environments, and show how to distill meaningful figures of merit from codes adapted for these channels, as it turns out that resource-based figures reflecting both information and entanglement can be calculated exactly for a well-studied class of channels: the Pauli channels. Starting from these resource-based figures, I establish the notion of efficiency and quality and show that there will be a trade-off between efficiency and quality for short codes. Finally I show how to incorporate, into these calculations, the choices one has to make when handling quantum states that have been detected as incorrect, but where no prospect of correcting them exists, i.e., so-called detection errors.
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| 7. |
- Cabello, Adan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamical cost of some interpretations of quantum theory
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW A. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9926. ; 94:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interpretation of quantum theory is one of the longest-standing debates in physics. Type I interpretations see quantum probabilities as determined by intrinsic properties of the observed system. Type II see them as relational experiences between an observer and the system. It is usually believed that a decision between these two options cannot be made simply on purely physical grounds but requires an act of metaphysical judgment. Here we show that, under some assumptions, the problem is decidable using thermodynamics. We prove that type I interpretations are incompatible with the following assumptions: (i) The choice of which measurement is performed can be made randomly and independently of the system under observation, (ii) the system has limited memory, and (iii) Landauers erasure principle holds.
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| 8. |
- Carvacho, Gonzalo, et al.
(författare)
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Postselection-Loophole-Free Bell Test Over an Installed Optical Fiber Network
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 115:3, s. 030503-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Device-independent quantum communication will require a loophole-free violation of Bell inequalities. In typical scenarios where line of sight between the communicating parties is not available, it is convenient to use energy-time entangled photons due to intrinsic robustness while propagating over optical fibers. Here we show an energy-time Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality violation with two parties separated by 3.7 km over the deployed optical fiber network belonging to the University of Concepcion in Chile. Remarkably, this is the first Bell violation with spatially separated parties that is free of the postselection loophole, which affected all previous in-field long-distance energy-time experiments. Our work takes a further step towards a fiber-based loophole-free Bell test, which is highly desired for secure quantum communication due to the widespread existing telecommunication infrastructure.
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| 9. |
- Dzhafarov, Ehtibar N., et al.
(författare)
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Contextuality in Three Types of Quantum-Mechanical Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Foundations of physics. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0015-9018 .- 1572-9516. ; 45:7, s. 762-782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a formal theory of contextuality for a set of random variables grouped into different subsets (contexts) corresponding to different, mutually incompatible conditions. Within each context the random variables are jointly distributed, but across different contexts they are stochastically unrelated. The theory of contextuality is based on the analysis of the extent to which some of these random variables can be viewed as preserving their identity across different contexts when one considers all possible joint distributions imposed on the entire set of the random variables. We illustrate the theory on three systems of traditional interest in quantum physics (and also in non-physical, e.g., behavioral studies). These are systems of the Klyachko-Can-Binicioglu-Shumovsky-type, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell-type, and Suppes-Zanotti-Leggett-Garg-type. Listed in this order, each of them is formally a special case of the previous one. For each of them we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for contextuality while allowing for experimental errors and contextual biases or signaling. Based on the same principles that underly these derivations we also propose a measure for the degree of contextuality and compute it for the three systems in question.
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| 10. |
- Ericson och vid Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet;, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Faktablad från Integrerad kustfiskövervakning 2015:1 : Fjällbacka (Västerhavet) 1989-2014
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den integrerade kustfiskövervakningen i Fjällbacka har pågått under oktobermånad sedan år 1989 och under augusti sedan 1998 (med uppehåll 1999). Övervakningen visar följande tillstånd och förändringar för fiskens status och miljögiftsbelastning:• Omgivningsfaktorer såsom siktdjup och temperatur har inte förändrats i Fjällbacka sedan undersökningarna startade. Däremot ses en ökning i de temperaturmätningar som gjorts i området under maj-oktober sedan 1989.• Fisksamhället domineras av torsk, rötsimpa, gråsej och vitling. Antalet arter i fångsten har ökat i oktoberfisket sedan provfisket startade. Bland de fångade arterna klassas gulål, lyrtorsk, sjurygg, torsk, tånglake och vitling som rödlistade av ArtDatabanken.• Signifikanta nedgångar har noterats för den kallvattengynnade arten tånglake och även för gulål och rödspotta under oktoberfisket. Oxsimpa och svart smörbult ökar på lång sikt i fångsterna under oktober. I oktoberfisket är den enda signifikanta förändringen att berggyltan ökat sedan provfisket startade.• Det har inte setts någon förändring i diversiteten i fisksamhället varken under augusti eller oktober. Den trofiska medelnivån är lägre i oktober än i augusti, men inte vid något av fiskena ses någon signifikant trend. Fångsten av stora fiskar (större än 30 cm) i oktober har minskat sedan provfisket startade.• Fångsten av tånglake var år 2014 bland de lägsta sedan provfisket startade, både under fisket i augusti och i oktober. Detta är en stor nedgång sedan året innan, då båda månadernas fisken noterade bland de högsta fångsterna av tånglake.• Tånglaken är en stationär art som föder levande yngel. Dess ekologi gör den därmed lämplig som miljöindikator. De fångade tånglakehonorna har med tiden blivit kortare, lättare och fått sämre kondition. Andelen honor med yngel som dött har ökat med tiden. Resultaten av undersökningarna indikerar att den kallvattenslevande tånglaken i Fjällbacka utsätts för stress på grund av ökande vattentemperatur.• Allt fler hälsovariabler hos tånglake i Fjällbacka uppvisar signifikanta tidstrender som tyder på att de exponeras för kemiska ämnen som påverkar olika fysiologiska funktioner. Tydliga förändringar är inducerat avgiftningssystem, stimulerat immunförsvar, en tendens till ökad oxidativ stress, samt en påverkad jonreglering hos fisken.• Förändringarna hos tånglake i Fjällbacka stämmer väl överens med den mångfacetterade symptombild som även ses hos abborrar respektive tånglakar i andra kustreferensområden (Holmön, Torhamn och Kvädöfjärden). Den komplexa symptombilden pekar på att det sannolikt är fråga om samverkanseffekter av flera olika kemiska ämnen och andra faktorer.Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för akvatiska resurser. Öregrund 2015.• Halterna av bly, kvicksilver och HCH:er i tånglake har minskat signifikant under övervakningsperioden. Flera av de andra organiska miljögifterna (PCB, HCB och DDT) håller sig däremot på en stabil nivå hos tånglake i Fjällbacka medan halterna i Östersjön generellt har minskat till följd av totalförbud av ämnena. Halterna av kadmium uppvisar ingen trend över tidsperioden men ligger generellt lägre jämfört med tånglake från Östersjön. Samtliga av de undersökta ämnena ligger under deras respektive satta gränsvärden, dock ligger halten kvicksilver väldigt nära gränsvärdet.
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