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| 3. |
- Borg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Do Assistive Products Enhance or Equalize Opportunities? A Comparison of Capability across Persons with Impairments Using and Not Using Assistive Products and Persons without Impairments in Bangladesh
- 2022
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Ingår i: Societies. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4698. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aiming to compare capability across persons with impairments using and not using assistive products and persons without impairments in Bangladesh for 16 different functionings, we contrast two sets of self-reported cross-sectional data from eight districts of Bangladesh: (i) data from persons with hearing impairment not using hearing aids, persons with hearing impairment using hearing aids and persons without impairments (N = 572); and (ii) data from persons with ambulatory impairment not using manual wheelchairs, persons with ambulatory impairment using manual wheelchairs and persons without impairments (N = 598). Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare levels of capability across the three groups in each data set. Results showed that, for all functionings in both data sets, the levels of capability were statistically significantly highest for persons without impairments. Compared to persons with hearing impairment not using hearing aids, persons with hearing impairment using hearing aids scored higher in all functionings, with statistical significance at the.05 level for 12 of them. Persons with ambulatory impairment using manual wheelchairs scored higher than persons with ambulatory impairment not using manual wheelchairs for 11 of the functionings, but none of the comparisons between the two groups were significant at the.05 level. Assistive products—hearing aids more than manual wheelchairs—enhance capabilities but do not fully equalize opportunities between people with and without impairments.
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| 4. |
- Bågmark, Kasper, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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An energy-based deep splitting method for the nonlinear filtering problem
- 2023
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Ingår i: Partial Differential Equations and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-2963 .- 2662-2971. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of deep learning for the solution of the nonlinear filtering problem. This is achieved by solving the Zakai equation by a deep splitting method, previously developed for approximate solution of (stochastic) partial differential equations. This is combined with an energy-based model for the approximation of functions by a deep neural network. This results in a computationally fast filter that takes observations as input and that does not require re-training when new observations are received. The method is tested on four examples, two linear in one and twenty dimensions and two nonlinear in one dimension. The method shows promising performance when benchmarked against the Kalman filter and the bootstrap particle filter.
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| 5. |
- Eisenmann, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Error estimates of the backward Euler-Maruyama method for multi-valued stochastic differential equations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bit Numerical Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0006-3835 .- 1572-9125. ; 62:3, s. 803-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we derive error estimates of the backward Euler-Maruyama method applied to multi-valued stochastic differential equations. An important example of such an equation is a stochastic gradient flow whose associated potential is not continuously differentiable but assumed to be convex. We show that the backward Euler-Maruyama method is well-defined and convergent of order at least 1/4 with respect to the root-mean-square norm. Our error analysis relies on techniques for deterministic problems developed in Nochetto et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 53(5):525-589, 2000). We verify that our setting applies to an overdamped Langevin equation with a discontinuous gradient and to a spatially semi-discrete approximation of the stochastic p-Laplace equation.
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| 6. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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A flexible communication stack design for improved software development on industrial testbeds and simulators
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computers in industry (Print). - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0166-3615 .- 1872-6194. ; 147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to facilitate deterministic behavior; industrial real-time communication stacks need another design than non-real-time communication stacks typically found in e.g., Internet of Things and Cloud solutions. We propose a flexible stack design that enable code reuse between testbeds and simulators, as well as how stack layers are driven and prioritized. The design can be generalized and used for non-real-time bare-metal solutions like battery powered Internet of Things. Our approach aims at extending the use of simulation during development of industrial systems in order to find logical errors and wrong assumptions earlier in the development. Conducted and evaluated experiments show that the proposed solutions are able to extend the use of simulation during development of real-time communication software. This is achieved by reusing the same code on an industrial testbed and in a discrete event simulator. In addition, the experiments show that the stack design is generalizable and enable reuse with other non-real-time embedded systems. The contribution consists of a set of building blocks for real-time systems that enable control over the system timing when executing on a simulation host while reusing the source code from an industrial testbed. Overall, this will improve the engineering situation, with respect to code reuse, flexibility and debugging. © 2023 The Author(s)
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| 7. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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A Flexible Task Design for Industrial Embedded Systems
- 2020
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Ingår i: IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781728154145 ; , s. 2143-2148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The run-time context in industrial embedded systems varies from bare-metal microcontrollers, to multicore-processors running real-time operating systems. Due to the longevity of industrial systems, reusability and evolvability are often considered crucial quality attributes. This paper presents a new flexible task design that enables tasks to be agnostic to run-time context. Evaluations of the design were made by conducting experiments using a proof of concept implementation of the proposed design. The experiments were based on typical industrial constructs, such as periodic tasks, and event signaling from interrupts. Findings from the experiments show that tasks can be more agnostic to run-time context and still deliver functionality normally used within industry. The results indicate that it is feasible to improve reusability and evolvability between different run-time contexts, and in addition, support hybrid configurations that can reduce resource usage, since e.g. a thread can be easily shared among several tasks.
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring ways to improve reuse between Industrial Embedded Systems and Discrete Event Simulators
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728129891
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial real-time software is commonly evaluated on real embedded systems, while simulators are less used, since the abstraction level and purpose vary with for example, different programming languages and run-time contexts. This paper extends, applies, and evaluates previous work on a flexible task design that improve code reuse between discrete event simulators and embedded real-time systems. The paper focuses on two parts: (i) The performance cost of the proposed design in practice, by comparing the flexible task design with a traditional threaded approach. (ii) The potential of an alternative way to support legacy code in combination with discrete event simulation. The experiments indicate an almost negligible performance cost with respect to the real-time behavior, i.e., latency and jitter, while enabling improved code reuse between discrete event simulation and industrial embedded real-time systems.
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| 9. |
- Ericsson, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Code Reuse between Industrial Embedded Systems and Discrete Event Simulators
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE 19th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - 9781728143958
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most evaluations of industrial real-time software are conducted on real embedded systems. The use of simulators that provides easily reproducible evaluations is often limited, due to different levels of abstraction, e.g., programming languages and run-time contexts. This paper extends previous work on a flexible task design, enabling tasks to be agnostic to run-time context, with evaluations conducted on bare-metal and real-time operating systems. Based on the same design and experiments we extend the proof-of-concept implementation in a discrete event simulation context, executing on a Windows based simulation host. Our experiments show that the flexible task design can be driven in a simulation run-time context, and still support typical industrial constructs. The result indicates that improved code reuse between discrete event simulators and industrial embedded systems is feasible.
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| 10. |
- Forslund, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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A greedy algorithm for optimal heating in powder-bed-based additive manufacturing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematics in Industry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-5983. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder-bed-based additive manufacturing involves melting of a powder bed using a moving laser or electron beam as a heat source. In this paper, we formulate an optimization scheme that aims to control this type of melting. The goal consists of tracking maximum temperatures on lines that run along the beam path. Time-dependent beam parameters (more specifically, beam power, spot size, and speed) act as control functions. The scheme is greedy in the sense that it exploits local properties of the melt pool in order to divide a large optimization problem into several small ones. As illustrated by numerical examples, the scheme can resolve heat conduction issues such as concentrated heat accumulation at turning points and non-uniform melt depths.
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