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- Sarius, N. G., et al.
(author)
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Ni and Ti diffusion barrier layers between Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings and Cu-based substrates
- 2012
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In: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 206:8-9, s. 2558-2565
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sputtered Ni and Ti layers were investigated as a diffusion barrier to substitute electroplated Ni between Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-Ag nanocomposite coatings and Cu or CuSn substrates. Samples were subjected to thermal annealing studies by exposure to 400 degrees C for 11 h. Dense diffusion barrier and coating hindered Cu from diffusing to the surface. This condition was achieved for electroplated Ni in combination with magnetron-sputtered Ti-Si-C and Ti-Si-C-Ag layers deposited at 230 degrees C and 300 degrees C. and sputtered Ti or Ni layers in combination with Ti-Si-C-Ag deposited at 300 degrees C.
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- Brodersen, Jakob, et al.
(author)
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Short-and long term niche segregation and individual specialization of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in species poor Faroese lakes
- 2012
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In: Environmental Biology of Fishes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-1909 .- 1573-5133. ; 93:3, s. 305-318
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trophic niche divergence is considered to be a major process by which species coexistence is facilitated. When studying niche segregation in lake ecosystems, we tend to view the niche on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. In reality, however, the niche use may be more complex and individual fidelity to a niche may be variable both between and within populations. In order to study this complexity, relative simple systems with few species are needed. In this paper, we study how competitor presence affects the resource use of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in 11 species-poor Faroese lakes by comparing relative abundance, stable isotope ratios and diet in multiple habitats. In the presence of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a higher proportion of the trout population was found in the pelagic habitat, and trout in general relied on a more pelagic diet base as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Diet analyses revealed, however, that niche-segregation may be more complex than described on a one-dimensional pelagic-littoral axis. Trout from both littoral and offshore benthic habitats had in the presence of sticklebacks a less benthic diet as compared to trout living in allopatry or in sympatry with charr. Furthermore, we found individual habitat specialization between littoral/benthic and pelagic trout in deep lakes. Hence, our findings indicate that for trout populations interspecific competition can drive shifts in both habitat and niche use, but at the same time they illustrate the complexity of the ecological niche in freshwater ecosystems.
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- Poulsen, S. O., et al.
(author)
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In situ measurements of growth rates and grain-averaged activation energies of individual grains during recrystallization of 50% cold-rolled aluminium
- 2011
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In: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8456 .- 1359-6462. ; 64:11, s. 1003-1006
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction has been used to study the growth kinetics of 1406 individual grains recrystallizing in 50% cold-rolled aluminium. It is found that each grain follows its own kinetics. The radial growth of individual grains is found to often be piecewise linear, and an explanation based on the cell block microstructure of cold-rolled aluminium is proposed. Grain-averaged activation energies of 793 individual grains are determined, and found to constitute a broad distribution. Reasons and implications of these findings are discussed. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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