| 1. |
- Dutta, Joydeep, et al.
(författare)
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DESALINATION DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A DEVICE
- 2018
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A device (10) for capacitive deionization of an aqueous media containing dissolved ion species, said device comprising a cell with a first primary electrode (2) and a second primary electrode (3) arranged opposite the first primary electrode (2) and preferably separated by at least one non-conductive spacer (4, 4'). A third electrode (7) is arranged between the first and the second electrode. The third electrode (7) is grounded whereas the first and the second electrodes are polarized versus the grounded third electrode.
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| 2. |
- Laxman, Karthik, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticulate Dielectric Overlayer for Enhanced Electric Fields in a Capacitive Deionization Device
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 10:6, s. 5941-5948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The magnitude and distribution of the electric field between two conducting electrodes of a capacitive deionization (CDI) device plays an important role in governing the desalting capacity. A dielectric coating on these electrodes can polarize under an applied potential to modulate the net electric field and hence the salt adsorption capacity of the device. Using finite element models, we show the extent and nature of electric field modulation, associated with changes in the size, thickness, and permittivity of commonly used nanostructured dielectric coatings such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Experimental data pertaining to the simulation are obtained by coating activated carbon cloth (ACC) with nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 and using them as electrodes in a CDI device. The dielectric-coated electrodes displayed faster desalting kinetics of 1.7 and 1.55 mg g(-1) min(-1) and higher unsaturated specific salt adsorption capacities of 5.72 and 5.3 mg g(-1) for ZnO and TiO2, respectively. In contrast, uncoated ACC had a salt adsorption rate and capacity of 1.05 mg g(-1) min(-1) and 3.95 mg g(-1), respectively. The desalting data is analyzed with respect to the electrical parameters of the electrodes extracted from cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. Additionally, the obtained results are correlated with the simulation data to ascertain the governing principles for the changes observed and advances that can be achieved through dielectric-based electrode modifications for enhancing the CDI device performance.
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| 3. |
- Shafiq, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of ion adsorption using iterative analytical model in capacitive deionization process
- 2018
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Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment. - : Desalination Publ. - 1944-3994 .- 1944-3986. ; 116, s. 75-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an upcoming technique that can replace existing processes for removing and recuperating metal ions from dilute industrial waste waters. CDI removes ions via electrosorption on to its electrode surfaces, the efficiency of which is a function of CDI electrode properties that progressively change during continued operation. As such a need exists to develop a model to predict CDI performance over elongated periods which is independent of electrode properties and has negligible error values. By applying a first order non-linear dynamic model (FONDM) with inputs independent of the electrode characteristics, we propose a universal model that can predict CDI ion adsorption capacity with changes in applied potential, flow rate and electrolyte temperature to within 5% of the experimentally obtained results. The model was verified using activated carbon cloth (ACC) as a test electrode and aqueous sodium chloride solution as electrolyte, with a good prediction for ion electrosorption efficiency and time dependent electrosorption dynamics. The simplicity of the model makes it easy to adapt for various applications and in the development of intelligent control systems for CDI units in practical settings.
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