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- Parton, Robert G., et al.
(författare)
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Caveolae : The FAQs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Traffic. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1398-9219 .- 1600-0854. ; 21:1, s. 181-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caveolae are an abundant, but enigmatic, plasma membrane feature of vertebrate cells. In this brief commentary, the authors attempt to answer some key questions related to the formation and function of caveolae based on round‐table discussions at the first EMBO Workshop on Caveolae held in France in May 2019.
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- Rothacker, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Acute hyperglycaemia does not have a consistent adverse effect on exercise performance in recreationally active young people with type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover in-clinic study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 64:8, s. 1737-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis In individuals with type 1 diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia impairs aerobic fitness. However, the effect of acute marked hyperglycaemia on aerobic fitness is unclear, and the impact of insulin level has not been examined. In this study, we explored if acute hyperglycaemia with higher or low insulin levels affects (V) over dotO(2peak) and other exercise performance indicators in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods Eligible participants were aged 14 to 30 years, with complication-free, type 1 diabetes and HbA(1c) <= 75 mmol/mol (<= 9%). Participants exercised in a clinical laboratory under three clamp (constant insulin, variable glucose infusion) conditions: euglycaemia (5mmol/l) with 20mU [m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (where BSA is body surface area) (Eu20); hyperglycaemia (17mmol/l) with 20 mU [m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (Hyper20); and hyperglycaemia (17 mmol/l) with mU [5 m(2) BSA](-1) min(-1) insulin (Hyper5) on separate days. Participants and the single testing assessor were blinded to condition, with participants allocated to randomised testing condition sequences as they were consecutively recruited. Standardised testing (in order) conducted on each of the three study days included: triplicate 6 second sprint cycling, grip strength, single leg static balance, vertical jump and modified Star Excursion Balance Test, ten simple and choice reaction times and one cycle ergometer (V) over dotO(2peak) test. The difference between conditions in the aforementioned testing measures was analysed, with the primary outcome being the difference in (V) over dotO(2peak). Results Twelve recreationally active individuals with type 1 diabetes (8 male, mean +/- SD 17.9 +/- 3.9 years, HbA(1c) 61 +/- 11 mmol/mol [7.7 +/- 1.0%], 7 +/- 3 h exercise/week) were analysed. Compared with Eu20, (V) over dotO(2peak) was lower in Hyper20 (difference 0.17 l/min [95% CI 0.31, 0.04; p = 0.02] 6.6% of mean Eu20 level), but Hyper5 was not different (p = 0.39). Comparedwith Eu20, sprint cycling peak power was not different in Hyper20 (p = 0.20), but was higher in Hyper5 (64 W [95% CI 13, 115; p = 0.02] 13.1%). Hyper20 reaction times were not different (simple: p = 0.12) but Hyper5 reaction times were slower (simple: 11 milliseconds [95% CI 1, 22; p = 0.04] 4.7%) than Eu20. No differences between Eu20 and either hyperglycaemic condition were observed for the other testing measures (p > 0.05). Conclusions/interpretation Acute marked hyperglycaemia in the higher but not low insulin state impaired (V) over dotO(2peak) but to a small extent. Acute hyperglycaemia had an insulin-dependent effect on sprint cycling absolute power output and reaction time but with differing directionality (positive for sprint cycling and negative for reaction time) and no effect on the other indicators of exercise performance examined. We find that acute hyperglycaemia is not consistently adverse and does not impair overall exercise performance to an extent clinically relevant for recreationally active individuals with type 1 diabetes. .
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- Wang, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018 : a systematic review and modelling study
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-109X. ; 8:4, s. E497-E510
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in ung children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million fluenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this bstantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza ccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of ccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and rculation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the obal number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory fections in children under 5 years in 2018.Methods: We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in ildren under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec , 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to sess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated spiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths om influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of fluenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on e number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based ildhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income untries.Findings: In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109.5 million fluenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63.1-190.6), 10.1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI ses (6.8-15.1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000-1 415 000), 15 300 -hospital deaths (5800-43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200-97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths. Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospital admissions, and 4% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years. About 23% of the hospital admissions and 36% of the in-hospital deaths were in infants under 6 months. About 82% of the in-hospital deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Interpretation: A large proportion of the influenza-associated burden occurs among young infants and in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Our findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.
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