| 1. |
- Jakobsson, Gunnar
(författare)
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On Complications to Cataract Surgery
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cataract surgery, meaning exchange of the opaque lens in the eye with an artificial lens, is nowadays one of the most successful surgical procedures ever known. It is also the most frequent surgery performed in the Western world. In Sweden alone, more than 100,000 cataract operations are performed annually. Severe complications are rare, occurring only in a few percent of the patients, but owing to the large number of surgeries even infrequent complications amount to a substantial number of patients. The aim of this thesis was to study two different complications – retinal detachment (RD) and late artificial intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation – and to analyze inflammatory mediators in the vitreous of phakic (no previous cataract surgery) and pseudophakic (previous cataract surgery with IOL) eyes. Methods: Paper I is a multicenter case-control study evaluating the incidence and outcome of RD in eyes experiencing a perioperative complication with rupture of the lens capsule. Paper II and III are studies on patients with late IOL dislocation with a retrospective and a prospective observational design respectively. In paper IV the level of inflammatory immune mediators was measured in vitreous from phakic and pseudophakic patients. Results: The risk of developing RD after cataract surgery with a capsular rupture increased more than ten fold during the three-year follow-up period. Multivariate analyzes showed an odds ratio (OR) of 14.8 for RD. Additional risk factors were male sex (OR = 8.5) and lens remnants in the vitreous (OR = 14.4). The majority (62%) of eyes experiencing RD had a poor visual outcome of 0.1 or less. In patients with late IOL dislocation the median time to repositioning surgery was 6.5 years. This interval was significantly shorter in older patients and in eyes with perioperative complications (3.2 years). Pseudoexfoliations (PXF) were present in 60% of the patients and 36% had glaucoma. The annual incidence of late IOL dislocation in the pseudophakic population was calculated to 0.05%. Repositioning of the dislocated IOL with scleral sutures and a high frequency of pars plana vitrectomy procedures resulted in few complications and 59% of the patients obtained a visual acuity of ≥0.5. In patients with IOL dislocation and glaucoma, improved intraocular pressure (IOP) control was observed. Vitreous samples revealed significantly higher and sustained levels of immune mediators in pseudophakic eyes compared to phakic eyes. Conclusions: RD following capsule rupture results in profound visual loss in the majority of patients. Late IOL dislocation requiring reconstructive surgery occurs annually in 1/2000 pseudophakic patients. Risk factors are initially complicated cataract surgery, PXF and old age. The prognosis after repositioning surgery is good and IOP control in glaucoma patients is improved. Cataract surgery and pseudophakia induce elevated and sustained levels of inflammatory immune mediators in the vitreous.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Bratulic, Sinisa, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2364-4133 .- 2364-4141. ; 7:3, s. 312-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research. Lay Summary: Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Nagano-Madsen, Yasuko, 1952
(författare)
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Madame Jordgubbe
- 2006
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Ingår i: Aorta. - Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology. - 1402-7984. ; :17, s. 78-79
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Bhatt, Mehul, Professor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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People-Centered Visuospatial Cognition : Next-Generation Architectural Design Systems and Their Role in Design Conception, Computing, and Communication
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Active Image. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319564654 - 9783319564661 ; , s. 207-232
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When undertaking the task of design, architects imagine and anticipate the visuospatial and navigational experience of building users during the initial design conception phase. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the final physical built-up structure inherently performs with respect to people-centered design criteria encompassing function, behavior, and affordance. We argue that next-generation people-centered design systems, frameworks, assistive tools, educational discourse, and design policies and practices need to be explicitly founded on the cognitive modalities of human perception, attention, action, dynamics, environmental affordance and user experience, and design conception and semantics. We posit that this requires a holistic approach to architectural design cognition, encompassing the application of principles, practices, and methods from the fields of architecture and engineering, cognitive science, spatial cognition and computation, and evidence-based empirical methods in environmental and social psychology.
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| 8. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Campbell, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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The Robustness Reproducibility of the American Economic Review
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We estimate the robustness reproducibility of key results from 17 non-experimental AER papers published in 2013 (8 papers) and 2022/23 (9 papers). We find that many of the results are not robust, with no improvement over time. The fraction of significant robustness tests (p﹤0.05) varies between 17% and 88% across the papers with a mean of 46%. The mean relative t/z-value of the robustness tests varies between 35% and 87% with a mean of 63%, suggesting selective reporting of analytical specifications that exaggerate statistical significance. A sample of economists (n=359) overestimates robustness reproducibility, but predictions are correlated with observed reproducibility.
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