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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the response of the ATLAS central calorimeter to pions of energies from 3 to 9 GeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 607:2, s. 372-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS central detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. in this paper, the response of the central calorimeters to pions with energies in the range between 3 and 9 GeV is presented. The linearity and the resolution of the combined calorimetry (electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters) was measured and compared to the prediction of a detector simulation program using the toolkit Geant 4. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Abbasi, R, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the Search for Neutrino Point Sources with IceCube above the Horizon
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:22, s. 221102-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Point source searches with the IceCube neutrino telescope have been restricted to one hemisphere, due to the exclusive selection of upward going events as a way of rejecting the atmospheric muon background. We show that the region above the horizon can be included by suppressing the background through energy-sensitive cuts. This improves the sensitivity above PeV energies, previously not accessible for declinations of more than a few degrees below the horizon due to the absorption of neutrinos in Earth. We present results based on data collected with 22 strings of IceCube, extending its field of view and energy reach for point source searches. No significant excess above the atmospheric background is observed in a sky scan and in tests of source candidates. Upper limits are reported, which for the first time cover point sources in the southern sky up to EeV energies.
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| 7. |
- Mollgard, L, et al.
(författare)
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The FLT3 inhibitor PKC412 in combination with cytostatic drugs in vitro in acute myeloid leukemia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0344-5704 .- 1432-0843. ; 62:3, s. 439-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3/ITD) occurs in approximately 25% of newly diagnosed AML. PKC412 inhibits the growth of leukemic cell lines with FLT3 mutations such as the MV4-11. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of the combination of PKC412 and ara-C or daunorubicin, studying the effect of co-incubation, pre-incubation and sequential incubation of the drugs in patient samples and cell lines. Thirty-three patients with AML were included. Two cell lines were studied; MV4-11 that expresses the FLT3/ITD and HL-60 that does not. In the patient cells PKC412 exerted its effect at concentrations between 0.1 and 2.0 muM. For MV4-11 cells concentrations down to 1 nM were effective. In patient samples, the results of co-incubation of PKC412 with ara-C were synergistic in 5%, additive in 67%, sub additive in 17% and antagonistic in 11% of the cases. In patient cells, incubations with ara-C and PKC412 resulted in synergistic effects in 17% of the FLT3/ITD positive samples compared to 0% synergistic in the FLT3/ITD negative samples (p < 0.01). Antagonistic effects were more common in the FLT3/ITD negative samples. The timing of the drugs had little impact on the effect. In cell lines, antagonistic effects were seen frequently in HL-60 (90%) and less so in MV4-11 (60%) regardless of sequence or timing of the drugs. The combination of daunorubicin and PKC412 resulted in more synergistic and less antagonistic effects compared to combinations with ara-C, in both patient material and cell lines. The combination of Lonafarnib, a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor (FTI) and PKC412 had additive and synergistic effects in both FLT3/ITD positive and negative cell lines. In conclusion, the combination of PKC412 together with chemotherapeutic drugs is more effective in FLT3/ITD positive AML cells. Antagonistic effects can be seen, especially in patient samples without FLT3/ITD. Also, the combination of PKC412 and the farnesylinhibitor lonafarnib should be further explored.
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