| 1. |
- Cui, Qiao-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Historical land-use and landscape change in southern Sweden and implications for present and future biodiversity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:18, s. 3555-3570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two major aims of this study are (1) To test the performance of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) to quantify past landscape changes using historical maps and related written sources, and (2) to use the LRA and map reconstructions for a better understanding of the origin of landscape diversity and the recent loss of species diversity. Southern Sweden, hemiboreal vegetation zone. The LRA was applied on pollen records from three small bogs for four time windows between AD 1700 and 2010. The LRA estimates of % cover for woodland/forest, grassland, wetland, and cultivated land were compared with those extracted from historical maps within 3-km radius around each bog. Map-extracted land-use categories and pollen-based LRA estimates (in % cover) of the same land-use categories show a reasonable agreement in several cases; when they do not agree, the assumptions used in the data (maps)-model (LRA) comparison are a better explanation of the discrepancies between the two than possible biases of the LRA modeling approach. Both the LRA reconstructions and the historical maps reveal between-site differences in landscape characteristics through time, but they demonstrate comparable, profound transformations of the regional and local landscapes over time and space due to the agrarian reforms in southern Sweden during the 18th and 19th centuries. The LRA was found to be the most reasonable approach so far to reconstruct quantitatively past landscape changes from fossil pollen data. The existing landscape diversity in the region at the beginning of the 18th century had its origin in the long-term regional and local vegetation and land-use history over millennia. Agrarian reforms since the 18th century resulted in a dramatic loss of landscape diversity and evenness in both time and space over the last two centuries leading to a similarly dramatic loss of species (e.g., beetles).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cui, Qiao-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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The role of tree composition in Holocene fire history of the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones of southern Sweden, as revealed by the application of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm : Implications for biodiversity and climate-change issues
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 23:12, s. 1747-1763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a quantitative reconstruction of local forest history at two sites, Stavsåkra (hemiboreal zone) and Storasjö (southern boreal zone), in southern Sweden (province of Småland) to evaluate possible causes of contrasting Holocene fire histories in mid- and late Holocene. The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) is applied to evaluate between-site differences in the relative abundance of deciduous trees and Pinus (pine) and landscape/woodland openness during the Holocene. The LRA estimates of local vegetation abundance are compared with other proxies of local vegetation, that is, plant and beetle remains. The LRA results suggest that Pinus was a major tree taxon in the woodlands of Storasjö during mid- and late Holocene, while Tilia(linden) and Betula (birch) were dominant at Stavsåkra. The contrasting fire histories are shown to be strongly related to between-site differences in tree composition during mid-Holocene, 4000–2000 BC in particular. The archaeological/historical and beetle data indicate contrasting land uses from c. 1000BC (late Bronze Age/early Iron Age), grazing in open Calluna heaths at Stavsåkra and woodland grazing at Storasjö. Between-site differences in fire historyduring late Holocene were likely due to different land-use practices. Between-site differences in tree composition in mid-Holocene are best explainedby local climatic and geological/geomorphological differences between the hemiboreal and southern boreal zones of Småland, which might also be the primary cause of between-site differences in land-use histories during late Holocene. Maintenance of biodiversity at the landscape scale in the studyarea requires that existing old pine woodlands and Calluna heath are managed with fire and cattle grazing. Further climate warming might lead to higherprobabilities of climate-induces fire, in particular in pine-dominated woodlands.
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| 4. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, et al.
(författare)
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From land cover-climate relationships at the subcontinental scale to land cover-environment relationships at the regional and local spatial scale – the contribution of pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of vegetation cover using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Towards a more accurate quantification of human-environment interactions in the past. ; , s. 25-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (Sugita 2007a,b) includes two models, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) that estimates vegetation abundance (% cover) within an area of ca. 100 km x 100 km, and LOVE (LOcal Vegetation Estimates) that estimates vegetation abundance at the local spatial scale, i.e. within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP sensu Sugita, 2004) that is the smallest area around the study site for which the reconstruction is valid. The RSAP is estimated by the LOVE model and varies between sites and vegetation settings; so far, it was estimated to vary between < 1 - < 10 km in most ecological settings of the Holocene in NW Europe. We used the REVEALS model and over 600 pollen records from pollen data bases and individual researchers to reconstruct land-cover in NW Europe N of the Alps for key time windows of the Holocene in order to assess model-based reconstructions of anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) (e.g. Kaplan et al., 2009) and model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations of past potential (climate-induced vegetation), and to study past land cover – climate interactions using a regional climate model (RCA3). We used the REVEALS model and the complete LRA approach (REVEALS + LOVE models) along with two pollen records from large lakes and three pollen records from small bogs to reconstruct the local-scale land-cover in central Småland, southern Sweden, to study the relationship between vegetation composition, fire, climate and human impact at the regional and local spatial scales with the objective to discuss biodiversity issues. Our results suggest that i) past subcontinental to regional ALCC did influence regional climate through biogeophysical processes at the landatmosphere interface (Strandberg et al., submitted), and ii) local land-cover change, both natural and anthropogenic, govern environmental changes such as fire and biodiversity (Cui et al., 2013; Cui et al., submitted).
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Mot en ny värld : Yngre stenålder i Sverige 4000-1700 f.KR
- 2012. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok tar avstamp i den omvälvning som skedde för 6000 år sedan när människor övergick från att huvudsakligen ha varit jägare och fiskare till att bli bönder. I boken belyses och dsikuteras denna utveckling i ett långtidsperspektiv som sträcker sig från ca 4000 f.Kr. till ca 1700 f.Kr. Två kapitel i boken behandlar också natruvetenskapliga undersökningar och hur dessa på många avgörande sätt bidrar till förståelsen för hur månniksor levde och dog för många tusen år sedan.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Paths towards a new world : Neolithic Sweden
- 2014. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book is about new results frpm Archaeological research and excavations during the last 10 years. In the book new data is dicussed and how thhis changes our viiew of the period 5000-1700 BC. The whole of Sweden is discussed; from Scania to Lapland and the evidence is interpreted and compared with the older evidence. Two chapters discusses the evidence from sceintific Archaeology as well as the enviromental changes during the period.
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| 7. |
- Lemdahl, Geoffrey, et al.
(författare)
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BEETLE RECORDS : Late Pleistocene of Europe
- 2013. - 2:nd
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. - : Elsevier. - 9780444536426 ; , s. 200-206
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Upper Pleistocene period spans the time from the last (Eemian, Ipswichian) interglacial period, 120 ka, to the termination of the last (Weichselian, Devensian) glaciation 11.5 ka. It was characterized by a complex sequence of climatic oscillations that ranged from glacial episodes, when ice sheets covered much of the Northern Hemisphere, to interglacial and interstadial intervals when the climate was often as warm as, or warmer than, that of the present day. Each of these events disrupted the biological systems so that many species had to alter their geographical ranges in order to track acceptable climates from one place to another across the continent. These movements of species enable estimates to be made of the terrestrial climatic history of the period. Among the most valuable of climatic indicators are the Coleoptera (beetles) whose robust exoskeletons are readily preserved in waterlogged sediments. Using the well-known mutual climatic range method on species from fossil beetle assemblages, it has been possible to make quantified estimates of the thermal climatic conditions during various phases of the Quaternary in western Europe. These show that, during warmer intervals, mean July temperatures were at least 3° C warmer than now, and winter figures were not much different from those of the present day. During the colder episodes, the mean July temperatures were at least 7° C colder than the present and winter temperatures were very much colder and of Siberian intensity. Rates of change from one climatic regime to another were often very rapid and may have involved a rise in summer temperature of 1° C per decade.
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| 8. |
- Lemdahl, Geoffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Eemian and Early Weichselian environments in southern Sweden: a multi-proxy study of till-covered organic deposits from the Småland peneplain.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 0267-8179 .- 1099-1417. ; 28:7, s. 705-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on their luminescence and infinite radiocarbon ages, organic deposits beneath till at two sites on the Småland peneplain, southern Sweden (Nybygget and Stora Gäddevik), are concluded to have formed before the Middle Weichselian. Applied palaeoecological methods include analyses of pollen, diatoms, charcoal fragments, macroscopic remains of vascular plants and mosses, and insect remains. Pollen-stratigraphical correlations with previously studied interglacial/interstadial sites in southern Sweden, Denmark and northern Germany suggest that the peat at Nybygget dates from the Brørup interstadial or the final stage of the Eemian interglacial, whereas the lake sediments at Stora Gäddevik probably were emplaced during the middle Eemian. We conclude that the peat was formed in a wetland characterized by both wood swamp and open mire vegetation, and surrounded by semi-open woodlands dominated by pine, birch and hazel. The middle Eemian sequence at the Stora Gäddevik site provides evidence of a moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich lake environment with relatively diverse aquatic vegetation. Regional vegetation, as reconstructed using the REVEALS model, was spruce woodland mixed with pine, alder and birch, but also included more open environments with hazel, oak, grasslands and sedge-dominated wetlands. Water shield (Brasenia schreberi), now extinct in Europe, was identified in the Eemian lake deposits, from both pollen and macroscopic remains.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lemdahl, Geoffrey, et al.
(författare)
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Lateglacial insect assemblages from the palaeolithic site Slotseng : new evidence concerning climate and environment in SW Denmark
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary International. - : Elsevier. - 1040-6182 .- 1873-4553. ; 341, s. 172-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The site Slotseng represents Paleolithic settlements of the Havelte phase of the Hamburgian culture (c. 15 to 14 cal yr BP). The Lateglacial sediment stratigraphy of an adjacent kettle hole was studied in a multidisciplinary project, including the analysis of pollen, macroscopic plant remains, vertebrate bones, and insect remains. In this article the results from the insect analysis are presented. Twelve samples were analysed from a monolith, which chronologically spans from 15,000 to 13,600 cal yr BP, and 108 taxa of Coleoptera and 15 taxa of Trichoptera, Hemiptera, Megaloptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera were recorded. The beetle assemblages indicate an open heath environment with a shrub and herb vegetation during this period, minor changes during the stadials and interstadials. This is in good agreement with the interpretations based on pollen and plant macrofossil analyses. The presence of dung beetles indicates that reindeer herds grazed in the vicinity of the site. A number of finds of the carrion beetle Thanatophilus dispar suggest that fish may have been a complementary food resource for the hunters at Slotseng. MCR reconstructions indicate arctic/subarctic climate conditions during the periods GS-2a (Pre-Bølling) and GI-1d (Older dryas) with mean summer temperatures ca. 9-13°C and mean winter temperatures ca. -3 to -20°C. During the interstadials GI-1e (Bølling) and GI-1c (Allerød 1) mean summer temperatures were ca. 14-16°C, but mean winter temperatures remained similar to those during the colder periods. The reconstructed environments and living conditions for the Paleolithic hunters show striking similarities with contemporaneous conditions reconstructed for Magdalenian/Azilian sites at the LakeNeuchâtel, Switzerland.
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