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- Bekele, Y, et al.
(författare)
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T follicular helper cells and antibody response to Hepatitis B virus vaccine in HIV-1 infected children receiving ART
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7:1, s. 8956-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HBV vaccine has 95% efficacy in children to prevent HBV infection and related cancer. We conducted a prospective study in HIV-1 infected children receiving ART (n = 49) and controls (n = 63) to assess humoral and cellular responses to HBV vaccine provided with three doses under an accelerated schedule of 4 weeks apart. At 1 month post-vaccination all children, except 4 HIV-1 infected, displayed protective antibody (ab) titers to HBV vaccine; ab titers were lower in infected children (P < 0.0001). Ab titers decreased (P < 0.0001) in both HIV-1 infected and control children at 6 months. The frequency of circulating Tfh (cTFh) cells was 20.3% for controls and 20.8% for infected children prior to vaccination and remained comparable post-vaccination. Cytokine expression by cTfh cells upon activation with HBV antigen was comparable in the two groups at baseline and 1 month post-vaccination. Higher plasma levels (P < 0.0001) of CXCL13 were found in infected children which correlated with cTfh cell frequency at baseline. In conclusion, a lower ab response to HBV vaccine was measured in HIV-1 infected children. The frequency and activation profile of cTfh cells was comparable in infected children and controls suggesting that cells other than Tfh cells are responsible for impaired ab response to HBV vaccine.
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- Devid, E. J., et al.
(författare)
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Spin Transition in Arrays of Gold Nanoparticles and Spin Crossover Molecules
- 2015
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 9:4, s. 4496-4507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate if the functionality of spin crossover molecules is preserved when they are assembled into an interfacial device structure. Specifically, we prepare and investigate gold nanoparticle arrays, into which room-temperature spin crossover molecules are introduced, more precisely, [Fe(AcS-BPP)(2)](ClO4)(2), where AcS-BPP = (S)-(4-{[2,6-(dipyrazol-1-yl)pyrid-4-yl]ethynyl}phenyl)ethanethioate (in short, Fe(S-BPP)(2)). We combine three complementary experiments to characterize the molecule-nanoparticle structure in detail. Temperature-dependent Raman measurements provide direct evidence for a (partial) spin transition in the Fe(S-BPP)(2)-based arrays. This transition is qualitatively confirmed by magnetization measurements. Finally, charge transport measurements on the Fe(S-BPP)(2)-gold nanoparticle devices reveal a minimum in device resistance versus temperature, R(T), curves around 260-290 K. This is in contrast to similar networks containing passive molecules only that show monotonically decreasing R(T) characteristics. Backed by density functional theory calculations on single molecular conductance values for both spin states, we propose to relate the resistance minimum in R(T) to a spin transition under the hypothesis that (1) the molecular resistance of the high spin state is larger than that of the low spin state and (2) transport in the array is governed by a percolation model.
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- Gil-Romera, Graciela, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term fire resilience of the Ericaceous Belt, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fire is the most frequent disturbance in the Ericaceous Belt (ca 3000-1300 m.a.s.l.), one of the most important plant communities of tropical African mountains. Through resprouting after fire, Erica establishes a positive fire feedback under certain burning regimes. However, present-day human activity in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia includes fire and grating systems that may have a negative impact on the resilience of the ericaceous ecosystem. Current knowledge of Erica-fire relationships is based on studies of modern vegetation, lacking a longer time perspective that can shed light on baseline conditions for the fire feedback. We hypothesite that fire has influenced Erica communities in the Bale Mountains at millennial time-scales. To test this, we (1) identity the tire history ot the Bale Mountains through a pollen and charcoal record from Garba Guracha, a lake at 3950 m.a.s.l., and (2) describe the long-term bidirectional feedback between wildfire and Erica, which may control the ecosystem's resilience. Our results support fire occurrence in the area since ca 14 000 years ago, with particularly intense burning during the early Holocene, 10.8-6.0 cal ka BP. We show that a positive feedback between Erica abundance and fire occurrence was in operation throughout the Lateglacial and Holocene, and interpret the Ericaceous Bolt of the Ethiopian mountains as a long-term fire resilient ecosystem. We propose that controlled burning should be an integral part of landscape management in the Bale Mountains National Park.
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