| 1. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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Global Climate : in State of the climate in 2019
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8, s. S17-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Ades, M., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE
- 2020
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Araujo, M. V., et al.
(författare)
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Lorenzetti Showers- A general-purpose framework for supporting signal reconstruction and triggering with calorimeters
- 2023
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Ingår i: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-4655 .- 1879-2944. ; 286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calorimeters play an important role in high-energy physics experiments. Their design includes electronic instrumentation, signal processing chain, computing infrastructure, and also a good understanding of their response to particle showers produced by the interaction of incoming particles. This is usually supported by full simulation frameworks developed for specific experiments so that their access is restricted to the collaboration members only. Such restrictions limit the general-purpose developments that aim to propose innovative approaches to signal processing, which may include machine learning and advanced stochastic signal processing models. This work presents the Lorenzetti Showers, a general-purpose framework that mainly targets supporting novel signal reconstruction and triggering strategies using segmented calorimeter information. This framework fully incorporates developments down to the signal processing chain level (signal shaping, energy estimation, and noise mitigation techniques) to allow advanced signal processing approaches in modern calorimetry and triggering systems. The developed framework is flexible enough to be extended in different directions. For instance, it can become a tool for the phenomenology community to go beyond the usual detector design and physics process generation approaches. Program summary Program Title: Lorenzetti Showers CPC Library link to program files: https://doi .org /10 .17632 /sy64367452 .1 Developer's repository link: https://github .com /lorenzetti -hep /lorenzetti Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: Python, C++. Nature of problem: In experimental high-energy physics, simulation is essential for experiment preparation, design and interpretations of ongoing acquisitions. Especially for calorimeters, an accurate simulation that can describe detector geometry, behavior to different physics processes and signal generation close to the readout electronics and data acquisition levels is required to properly develop signal processing and computational methods. Such detectors may face very challenging demands arising from the new designs, such as pileup mitigation and noise reduction tasks under unprecedented levels. In this sense, simulation requirements continuously increase in complexity and performance, because new physics searches require large datasets and accurate modeling to experimental effects. Solution method: The Lorenzetti Showers is an integrated software framework that provides complete calorimeter information close enough to the electronic readout chain. Thus, the proposed framework allows users to access cell readout values, configurable sensor pulse-shapes, crosstalk modeling, and different energy estimation methods. It aims at supporting designs that target low or high pileup operation conditions in an easy-to-use modular structure. The developed framework is based on Pythia 8 (particle generation) and Geant4 (interactions with the calorimeter technique under analysis). An efficient data recording structure was used to allow full access to the Lorenzetti Showers outputs. In summary, the Lorenzetti Showers tool provides to the scientific community a user-friendly, flexible, user-oriented, and low-level calorimeter simulation framework. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The framework current version provides the implementation of a generic segmented calorimeter (electromagnetic and hadronic sections), which may be modified by the user, if desired. It allows the generation of particles interactions using Pythia 8 (native) or any generator compatible with the HepMC format (which may be integrated using an external input file) and propagation through a user-configurable calorimeter using Geant4.
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| 4. |
- Bitoun, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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A methodological framework for capturing marine small-scale fisheries' contributions to the sustainable development goals
- 2024
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Ingår i: SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries (SSF) receive increasing international attention for landing around 40% of global marine fisheries catches and employing millions of people globally. Their contributions to food security and poverty alleviation, especially in developing countries, make it relevant to consider them when discussing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving SDGs by supporting SSF means understanding fisheries in their broader context, from the health of marine ecosystems to social and economic features such as employment, public health, culture, and the effects of global change. Social-ecological relationships in SSF are complex and poorly understood, thus challenging the identification of policies that could improve and preserve the contributions of SSF to sustainable development. Here, we developed an expert-based rapid appraisal framework to identify and characterize the relationships between SSF and SDGs. The framework serves as a diagnostic tool for identifying strengths and gaps in SSF potential in enhancing SDG achievement in data-limited situations. Our structured approach extends beyond SDG 14 and target 14.b, offering insights into SSF's contributions to 11 other SDGs. As a proof of concept, we illustrate the approach and its potential contributions in two case studies in Madagascar. The method effectively captured the multiple dimensions of the SSF through the SDG lens, providing a contextually relevant understanding of how global UN goals can be achieved locally. Further research is needed to define mechanisms for aggregating and reporting the multiple, case-specific contributions of SSF to monitor progress toward the SDGs at national and global levels.
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| 5. |
- Efimov, S., et al.
(författare)
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Microsecond and Sub-Microsecond Timescale Pulse High-Current Generators for Laboratory Studies of High Energy Density Matter
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of the properties of matter at extreme conditions (>109 Pa, >104 K0) is imperative for understanding phenomena where such states are reached in planetary astrophysics and confined fusion. To achieve such states of matter, what is often described as warm dense plasma, extremely high energy density deposition should be realized. One of the techniques used to explore matter under extreme conditions is the underwater electrical explosion of wire and wire arrays accompanied by the generation of strong shock waves.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of new Higgs boson interactions through nonresonant HH production in the b(b)over-barγγ final state in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Nature. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 2024:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the b (b) over bar gamma gamma final state is performed using 140 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This analysis supersedes and expands upon the previous nonresonant ATLAS results in this final state based on the same data sample. The analysis strategy is optimised to probe anomalous values not only of the Higgs (H) boson self-coupling modifier kappa(lambda) but also of the quartic HHVV (V = W, Z) coupling modifier kappa(2V). No significant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed upper limit mu(HH) < 4.0 is set at 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson pair production cross-section normalised to its Standard Model prediction. The 95% confidence intervals for the coupling modifiers are -1.4 < kappa(lambda) < 6.9 and -0.5 < kappa(2V) < 2.7, assuming all other Higgs boson couplings except the one under study are fixed to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the Standard Model effective field theory and Higgs effective field theory frameworks in terms of constraints on the couplings of anomalous Higgs boson (self-)interactions.
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| 8. |
- Abramsson, Mia L., et al.
(författare)
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Charge Engineering Reveals the Roles of Ionizable Side Chains in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: JACS Au. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2691-3704. ; 1:12, s. 2385-2393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In solution, the charge of a protein is intricately linked to its stability, but electrospray ionization distorts this connection, potentially limiting the ability of native mass spectrometry to inform about protein structure and dynamics. How the behavior of intact proteins in the gas phase depends on the presence and distribution of ionizable surface residues has been difficult to answer because multiple chargeable sites are present in virtually all proteins. Turning to protein engineering, we show that ionizable side chains are completely dispensable for charging under native conditions, but if present, they are preferential protonation sites. The absence of ionizable side chains results in identical charge state distributions under native-like and denaturing conditions, while coexisting conformers can be distinguished using ion mobility separation. An excess of ionizable side chains, on the other hand, effectively modulates protein ion stability. In fact, moving a single ionizable group can dramatically alter the gas-phase conformation of a protein ion. We conclude that although the sum of the charges is governed solely by Coulombic terms, their locations affect the stability of the protein in the gas phase.
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| 9. |
- Feng, Shaohong, et al.
(författare)
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Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 587:7833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-genome sequencing projects are increasingly populating the tree of life and characterizing biodiversity(1-4). Sparse taxon sampling has previously been proposed to confound phylogenetic inference(5), and captures only a fraction of the genomic diversity. Here we report a substantial step towards the dense representation of avian phylogenetic and molecular diversity, by analysing 363 genomes from 92.4% of bird families-including 267 newly sequenced genomes produced for phase II of the Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project. We use this comparative genome dataset in combination with a pipeline that leverages a reference-free whole-genome alignment to identify orthologous regions in greater numbers than has previously been possible and to recognize genomic novelties in particular bird lineages. The densely sampled alignment provides a single-base-pair map of selection, has more than doubled the fraction of bases that are confidently predicted to be under conservation and reveals extensive patterns of weak selection in predominantly non-coding DNA. Our results demonstrate that increasing the diversity of genomes used in comparative studies can reveal more shared and lineage-specific variation, and improve the investigation of genomic characteristics. We anticipate that this genomic resource will offer new perspectives on evolutionary processes in cross-species comparative analyses and assist in efforts to conserve species. A dataset of the genomes of 363 species from the Bird 10,000 Genomes Project shows increased power to detect shared and lineage-specific variation, demonstrating the importance of phylogenetically diverse taxon sampling in whole-genome sequencing.
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| 10. |
- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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