| 1. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between Occupational Factors and Health and Wellbeing in Individuals with Persistent Mental Illness Living in the Community
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0008-4174. ; 74:4, s. 303-313
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at identifying relationships between occupational factors and health and well-being among individuals with persistent mental illness. There were 103 subjects assessed in regards to time spent in different occupations, activity level, satisfaction with daily occupations, and experienced occupational value. The health-related variables were self-rated health, quality of life, self-esteem, sense of coherence, self-mastery, psychosocial functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. Subjective perceptions of occupational performance were consistently related to both self-rated and interviewer-rated aspects of health and functioning. While variables pertaining to actual doing showed weak or no associations with self-rated health-related variables, they exhibited moderate relationships to interviewer-rated health and functioning. The results indicated that the health-promoting ingredients in occupations were determined by the way occupations were perceived, rather than the doing per se. The findings indicate that perceived meaning and satisfaction ought to be prioritized when setting goals in occupational therapy practice, and, besides, that existing occupational therapy theory needs to be updated.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Time Use among People with Psychiatric Disabilities: Implications for Practice.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1095-158X .- 1559-3126. ; 32:3, s. 177-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topic: This paper reviewed the current literature regarding time use among people with psychiatric disabilities. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate what characterizes time use, occupational balance and occupational patterns among people with psychiatric disabilities, how time use relates to health in this group, and how time use can be used in research designs and addressed in assessments and interventions. Sources: The databases CINAHL and PubMed were searched, by combinations of terms such as: time use, time geography, occupational balance, occupational pattern, assessment, intervention, occupational therapy, lifestyle redesign, well-being, and mental health. Conclusions: Time use for people with psychiatric disabilities is often restricted to sleeping, eating, caring for oneself, and performing quiet activities. The target group is at risk of being both over- and under-occupied, and occupational imbalance may be regarded as an expression of the disability, thus shaped by a misfit between the person's capacities and environmental opportunities and demands. Several time-use methods exist for the study of daily occupations in people with psychiatric disabilities, but no intervention based on time use was found. Principles for a time-use based intervention are discussed. However, such an intervention needs to be investigated for relevance and effectiveness in future research.
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av kommunala sysselsättningsformer för psykiskt funktionshindrade : Preliminära resultat från ett projekt i fyra etapper
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meningsfull daglig verksamhet var ett viktigt mål i 90-talet psykiatriutredning, men nyliga uppföljningar har visat att det är långt kvar till detta mål. Det finns således anledning att både utvärdera existerande dagverksamheter och försöka förbättra dem. Under etapp 1 av ett sådant projekt jämförs personer som går i träffpunktsliknande dagverksamheter med dem som går i mer arbetsinriktade, angående tillfredsställelse, motivation, sociala kontakter, välbefinnande mm. De som går i dagverksamheter jämförs på liknande variabler med personer som inte har någon regelbunden daglig verksamhet alls. Preliminära resultat från denna etapp presenteras. Etapp 2 innebär kvalitativa studier för att utröna vilka meningsfulla upplevelser som genereras dels från arbete, dels från andra dagliga aktiviteter. Resultat från sådana studier rapporteras i andra presentationer (Christel Leufstadius samt Elisabeth Strömberg). På basis av analyser från etapperna 1 och 2 planeras en intervention, som innebär att berika dagverksamheter med de ”viktiga egenskaper” som identifierats i de första etapperna. Etapp 3 är utveckling av ett instrument för att reflektera en verksamhets "viktiga egenskaper". Interventionsprojektet (etapp 4) bedrivs i tre regioner: Malmö-Lund, Örebro och Umeå med omgivande landsbygd. Dagverksamheter randomiseras till intervention respektive fortsatt verksamhet som vanligt. Enheterna jämförs vid baseline och efter en tids implementering avseende besökarnas upplevelser av ”viktiga egenskaper”, tillfredsställelse, motivation, sociala kontakter mm.
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| 4. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Meaningfulness in daily occupations among individuals with persistent mental illness
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - Melbourne : Taylor & Francis. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 15:1, s. 27-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how people with persistent mental illness who work or study, attend a community-based activity centre or have no regular activities, experience and describe the meaningfulness of their daily occupations. Data were gathered from 102 randomly selected individuals who were interviewed regarding their daily occupations and perceived meaningfulness using a ‘yesterday activity diary’. Content analysis revealed five main themes of meaningfulness: 1) Connection with others and the world around them, 2) Enjoyment and fun in life, 3) Being productive and having a sense of achievement, 4) Being occupied and having routines and projects in the stream of time and 5) Taking care of oneself to maintain health. Their connections, enjoyment and fun, and taking care of oneself were the aspects of meaningfulness that occurred most frequently. Participants who worked or studied more frequently identified connections, and made fewer statements about taking care of their health. The findings contribute to the knowledge of perceived meaningfulness in daily occupation, showing that despite different occupational structures and settings, all themes of meaningfulness were represented in the three groups. Thus, people with persistent mental illness create and find meaning within their daily occupations, although the occupations that generate these aspects of meaningfulness may differ. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Meaningfulness in work – Experiences among employed individuals with persistent mental illness
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 34:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate how people with persistent mental illness, with various types of work and employment conditions, experience and describe the meaningfulness of work. The study had a qualitative approach and twelve informants living in the community were purposefully selected and interviewed according to overarching themes. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis, and all of the authors were involved in the analysis process. The findings resulted in four main themes: 1) work per se has certain characteristics, 2) participation in different contexts gives a feeling of normality, acceptance, belonging and fulfilment of norms and values, 3) work affords structure, energy and a balanced daily life, and 4) work increases well-being and strengthens one's identity. A tentative model is described concerning perceived meaningfulness in work among individuals with persistent mental illness, in which the first three aspects of meaning are a prerequisite for meaning in terms of increased well-being and strengthened identity. Furthermore, it seems important that work has to bring the just right challenge to the individual in order for him or her to perceive the identified aspects of meaningfulness.
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| 6. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Meaningfulness in work: experiences among individuals with persistent mental illness
- 2009
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Ingår i: Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1875-9270 .- 1051-9815. ; 34:1, s. 21-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate how people with persistent mental illness, with various types of work and employment conditions, experience and describe the meaningfulness of work. The study had a qualitative approach and twelve informants living in the community were purposefully selected and interviewed according to overarching themes. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis, and all of the authors were involved in the analysis process. The findings resulted in four main themes: 1) work per se has certain characteristics, 2) participation in different contexts gives a feeling of normality, acceptance, belonging and fulfilment of norms and values, 3) work affords structure, energy and a balanced daily life, and 4) work increases well-being and strengthens one's identity. A tentative model is described concerning perceived meaningfulness in work among individuals with persistent mental illness, in which the first three aspects of meaning are a prerequisite for meaning in terms of increased well-being and strengthened identity. Furthermore, it seems important that work has to bring the just right challenge to the individual in order for him or her to perceive the identified aspects of meaningfulness.
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| 7. |
- Leufstadius, Christel
(författare)
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Spending my time- Time use and meaningfulness in daily occupations as perceived by people with persistent mental illness
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Engagement in daily occupations, especially those perceived as meaningful, is essential for health and well-being. According to evaluation reports, many individuals with persistent mental illness seem to lack meaningful everyday occupations. The aim of this thesis was to investigate possible relationships between occupation, operationalised as time use and daily rhythm in daily activities, among individuals with persistent mental illness and relationships to different aspects of well-being, and identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for any imbalance in daily activities. A further aim was to investigate perceived meaningfulness in daily occupations, with a specific focus on work. The thesis is based on four studies. Studies I-III are based on a randomised sample of 103 participants from a psychiatric outpatient unit, and Study IV included 12 participants that were interviewed about perceived meaningfulness in their work. The results showed that spending much time in activities in everyday life, especially in work and other productive activities, and having a beneficial daily rhythm were associated with several factors of well-being. Spending much time asleep, especially at daytime, was associated with worse well-being. Among the risk factors for imbalance in daily activities was having high levels of general symptoms, which explained most of the risk of spending short periods in work/education, having an abnormal time asleep and an adverse daily rhythm. Further, having a diagnosis of schizophrenia meant an increased risk of spending little time in daily activities. Being occupied per se, as well as having organised activities and routines, was perceived as meaningful and generated a feeling of occupational balance. Further, social life and a feeling of being needed by others was the aspect of meaningfulness most frequently reported in everyday life. Other aspects of meaningfulness in daily occupations were enjoyment, a sense of achievement and doing occupations to take care of oneself to maintain health. Work, in terms of employment, was perceived as meaningful since it had certain unique characteristics, gave structure to the day, a feeling of normality and acceptance, a balanced everyday life, and increased well-being. However, it was important that the demands at work and the individuals’ interests and skills were well matched. A tentative model was suggested, integrating these aspects of meaningfulness in work.
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| 8. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Time use among individuals with persistent mental illness: Identifying risk factors for imbalance in daily activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 15:1, s. 23-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate associations between time use in daily activities and sociodemographic and clinical factors in order to identify individuals with persistent mental illness at risk of having an imbalance in daily activities, as reflected in their time use and daily rhythm. Participants (n=103) were selected from a psychiatric outpatient unit using a randomized stratified selection procedure. The main findings indicated that time spent in daily activities increased with age, and that older individuals more often had a beneficial daily rhythm. Women and individuals living with children spent more time on self-care/self-maintenance than men and individuals living without children. Individuals with a diagnosis of psychosis spent less total time in daily activities than individuals with non-psychosis. In conclusion, general psychiatric symptoms, such as self-blame, anxiety, and difficulties in cooperating with others, explained most of the risk of spending little time in work/education as well as the risk of spending long periods asleep and having an adverse daily rhythm. A diagnosis of psychosis and high levels of general symptoms together explained most of the risk of having low total time use in activity. Factors such as age and living with children or not seemed to be important factors in relation to time use and daily rhythm.
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| 9. |
- Leufstadius, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness
- 2006
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. - 0966-7903 .- 1557-0703. ; 13:3, s. 123-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate time use in work/education, self-care/self-maintenance, play/leisure, rest/relaxation, and sleep in people with persistent mental illness. A further aim was to investigate how time use in the daily activities was associated with health-related variables and social interaction. The study comprised 103 participants with a diagnosis of persistent mental illness who completed self-ratings and interviews in order to assess (1) time use of activities during one 24-hour day, (2) social interaction and (3) health-related factors. The major results indicated that the total time in activity (TTA) and the time spent on work/ education and sleep seemed to be related to the majority of the target variables. Four groups of daily rhythm were identified and the daily rhythm groups differed concerning perceived mastery and social interaction. Although the results of this study were statistically significant they did not indicate clinical significance. Therefore, the assumption that there is a relationship between occupation and well-being could not be clearly verified. This study had a cross-sectional design based on a one-time measure, which is an important limitation for the validity of the study. Furthermore, no Bonferroni corrections were made for mass significance and some of the findings would have disappeared if such corrections had been made. More studies concerning time use in daily activities, and daily rhythm in relation to health and well-being are needed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 10. |
- Markström, Urban, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards mental illness among health care students at Swedish universities : a follow-up study after completed clinical placement
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier Sciencedirect. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 29:6, s. 660-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the changes in attitudes towards mental illness after theorethical education and clinical placement among students from university programmes preparing for different kinds of health professions. Three different questionnaries were used, measuring the level of familaritiy with mental illness and attitudes towards mental illness in general and toward specific mental illnesses. The data were collected on two occasions, before the theorethical course and after the completed clinical placement. The result showed that the attitudes toward mental illnes in general had changed in a less stigmatising direction after the clinical placement. On the other hand, attitudes toward specific illnesses did not show any major changes.
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