| 1. |
- Smith, P B, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural values, sources of guidance, and their relevance to managerial behavior - A 47-nation study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422. ; 33:2, s. 188-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data are presented showing how middle managers in 47 countries report handling eight specific work events. The data are used to test the ability of cultural value dimensions derived from the work of Hofstede. Trompenaars, and Schwartz to predict the specific sources of guidance on which managers rely. Focusing on sources of guidance is expected to provide a more precise basis than do generalized measures of values for understanding the behaviors that prevail within different cultures. Values are strongly predictive of reliance on those sources of guidance that are relevant to vertical relationships within organizations. Hock ever, values are less successful in predicting reliance on peers and on more tacit sources of guidance. Explaining national differences in these neglected aspects of organizational processes will require greater sensitivity to the culture-specific contexts within which they occur.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Pellegrino, P., et al.
(författare)
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Separation of vacancy and interstitial depth profiles in proton- and boron-implanted silicon
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 186, s. 334-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new experimental method of studying shifts between concentration-versus-depth profiles of vacancy-type and interstitial-type defects in ion-implanted silicon is demonstrated. The concept is based on deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements utilizing the filling pulse variation technique. The vacancy profile. represented by the vacancy-oxygen center and the interstitial profile, represented by the substitutional carbon-interstitial carbon pair, are obtained at the same sample temperature by varying the duration of the filling pulse, Thus the two profiles can be recorded with a high relative depth resolution, Point defects have been introduced in low doped float zone n-type silicon by implantation with 6 MeV boron ions and 1.3 MeV protons at room temperature, using low doses. For each implantation condition the peak of the interstitial profile is shown to be displaced by similar to 0.5 mum towards larger depths compared to that of the vacancy profile. This shift is primarily attributed to the preferential forward momentum of recoiling Si atoms, in accordance with theoretical predictions.
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| 4. |
- Yurganov, L.N., et al.
(författare)
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A Quantitative Assessment of the 1998 Carbon Monoxide Emission Anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere Based on Total Column and Surface Concentration Measurements
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 109:15, s. D15305-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon monoxide abundances in the atmosphere have been measured between January 1996 and December 2001 in the high Northern Hemisphere (HNH) (30degrees-90degreesN) using two different approaches: total column amounts of CO retrieved from infrared solar spectra and CO mixing ratios measured in situ at ground-based stations. The data were averaged, and anomalies of the CO HNH burden ( deviations of the total tropospheric mass between 30degreesN and 90degreesN from the mean seasonal profile, determined as the 5 year average) were analyzed. The anomalies obtained from in situ and total column data agree well and both show two maxima, by far the largest in October 1998 and a lower one in August 1996. A noticeable decrease of the positive 1998 summer anomaly with increasing height was found. A box model was applied, and anomalies in source rates were obtained under the assumption of insignificant interannual sink variations. In August 1998 the HNH emission anomaly was estimated to be 38 Tg month(-1). The annual 1998 emission positive anomaly was 96 Tg yr(-1). Nearly all excess CO may be attributed to the emissions from boreal forest fires. According to available inventories, biomass burning emits around 52 Tg yr(-1) during the "normal'' years; therefore total biomass emissions in 1998 were as large as 148 Tg yr(-1). In August 1998, CO contribution from the biomass burning was twice as large as that from fossil fuel combustion. The results were compared to available emission inventories.
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| 5. |
- Leveque, P., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of hydrogen related defects in proton implanted float-zone silicon
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal. - : EDP Sciences. - 1286-0042 .- 1286-0050. ; 23:1, s. 5-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen related defects in high purity n-type float zone silicon samples have been studied by means of Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy. They were introduced, as well as the characteristic vacancy-oxygen (VO) and divacancy (V-2) centers, by MeV proton implantation. Two hydrogen related defect levels were resolved at 0.32 eV and 0.45 eV below the conduction band edge (E-c). Careful annealing studies indicate strongly that a third hydrogen related level, overlapping with the singly negative charge state level of V-2, is also present in the implanted samples. The annealing behavior of the hydrogen related defects has been compared with literature data leading to a rather firm identification. The E-c-0.32 eV level originates from a VO center partly saturated with hydrogen (a VOH complex) while the E-c-0.45 eV level may be ascribed to a complex involving a monovacancy and a hydrogen atom ( a VH complex). The third hydrogen related defect is tentatively ascribed to a complex involving a hydrogen atom and a divacancy ( a V2H complex).
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