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- Faatz, B., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous operation of two soft x-ray free-electron lasers driven by one linear accelerator
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs-dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.
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| 5. |
- Bölling, T, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Curative Therapies for Ewing Sarcomas by Interdisciplinary Cooperative Groups in Europe.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Klinische Pädiatrie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1439-3824 .- 0300-8630. ; 227:3, s. 108-115
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Curative therapies for Ewing sarcoma have been developed within cooperative groups. Consecutive clinical trials have systematically assessed the impact and timing of local therapy and the activity of cytotoxic drugs and their combinations. They have led to an increase of long-term disease-free survival to around 70% in patients with localized disease. Translational research in ES remains an area in which interdisciplinary and international cooperation is essential for future progress. This article reviews current state-of-the art therapy, with a focus on trials performed in Europe, and summarizes novel strategies to further advance both the cure rates and quality of survival.
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| 6. |
- Drescher, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological and socio-economic functions across tropical land use systems after rainforest conversion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tropical lowland rainforests are increasingly threatened by the expansion of agriculture and the extraction of natural resources. In Jambi Province, Indonesia, the interdisciplinary EFForTS project focuses on the ecological and socio-economic dimensions of rainforest conversion to jungle rubber agroforests and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Our data confirm that rainforest transformation and land use intensification lead to substantial losses in biodiversity and related ecosystem functions, such as decreased above-and below-ground carbon stocks. Owing to rapid step-wise transformation from forests to agroforests to monoculture plantations and renewal of each plantation type every few decades, the converted land use systems are continuously dynamic, thus hampering the adaptation of animal and plant communities. On the other hand, agricultural rainforest transformation systems provide increased income and access to education, especially for migrant smallholders. Jungle rubber and rubber monocultures are associated with higher financial land productivity but lower financial labour productivity compared to oil palm, which influences crop choice: smallholders that are labour-scarce would prefer oil palm while land-scarce smallholders would prefer rubber. Collecting long-term data in an interdisciplinary context enables us to provide decision-makers and stakeholders with scientific insights to facilitate the reconciliation between economic interests and ecological sustainability in tropical agricultural landscapes.
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| 7. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Linking European building activity with plague history
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 98, s. 81-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variations in building activity reflect demographic, economic and social change during history. Tens of thousands of wooden constructions in Europe have been dendrochronologically dated in recent decades. We use the annually precise evidence from a unique dataset of 49 640 tree felling dates of historical constructions to reconstruct temporal changes in building activity between 1250 and 1699 CE across a large part of western and central Europe largely corresponding to the former Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. Comparison with annual records of 9772 plague outbreaks shows that construction activity was significantly negatively correlated to the number of plague outbreaks, with the greatest decrease in construction following the larger outbreaks by three to four years after the start of the epidemics. Preceding the Black Death (1346-1353 CE) by five decades and the Great Famine (1315-1322 CE) by two decades, a significant decline in construction activity at c. 1300 CE is indicative of a societal crisis, associated with population stagnation or decline. Another dramatic decline in building activity coincides with the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648 CE) and confirms the devastating nature of this conflict. While construction activity was significantly lower during periods of high grain prices, no statistically robust relationship between the number of felling dates and past temperature or hydroclimate variations is found. This study demonstrates the value of dendrochronological felling dates as an indicator for times of crisis and prosperity during periods when documentary evidence is limited.
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| 8. |
- Clough, Yann, et al.
(författare)
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Land-use choices follow profitability at the expense of ecological functions in Indonesian smallholder landscapes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smallholder-dominated agricultural mosaic landscapes are highlighted as model production systems that deliver both economic and ecological goods in tropical agricultural landscapes, but trade-offs underlying current land-use dynamics are poorly known. Here, using the most comprehensive quantification of land-use change and associated bundles of ecosystem functions, services and economic benefits to date, we show that Indonesian smallholders predominantly choose farm portfolios with high economic productivity but low ecological value. The more profitable oil palm and rubber monocultures replace forests and agroforests critical for maintaining above- and below-ground ecological functions and the diversity of most taxa. Between the monocultures, the higher economic performance of oil palm over rubber comes with the reliance on fertilizer inputs and with increased nutrient leaching losses. Strategies to achieve an ecological-economic balance and a sustainable management of tropical smallholder landscapes must be prioritized to avoid further environmental degradation.
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| 9. |
- Pritchard-Jones, Kathy, et al.
(författare)
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Omission of doxorubicin from the treatment of stage II-III, intermediate-risk Wilms' tumour (SIOP WT 2001) : an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9999, s. 64-1156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Before this study started, the standard postoperative chemotherapy regimen for stage II-III Wilms' tumour pretreated with chemotherapy was to include doxorubicin. However, avoidance of doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity effects is important to improve long-term outcomes for childhood cancers that have excellent prognosis. We aimed to assess whether doxorubicin can be omitted safely from chemotherapy for stage II-III, histological intermediate-risk Wilms' tumour when a newly defined high-risk blastemal subtype was excluded from randomisation.METHODS: For this international, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3, randomised SIOP WT 2001 trial, we recruited children aged 6 months to 18 years at the time of diagnosis of a primary renal tumour from 251 hospitals in 26 countries who had received 4 weeks of preoperative chemotherapy with vincristine and actinomycin D. Children with stage II-III intermediate-risk Wilms' tumours assessed after delayed nephrectomy were randomly assigned (1:1) by a minimisation technique to receive vincristine 1·5 mg/m(2) at weeks 1-8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, and 27, plus actinomycin D 45 μg/kg every 3 weeks from week 2, either with five doses of doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2) given every 6 weeks from week 2 (standard treatment) or without doxorubicin (experimental treatment). The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of event-free survival at 2 years, analysed by intention to treat and a margin of 10%. Assessment of safety and adverse events included systematic monitoring of hepatic toxicity and cardiotoxicity. This trial is registered with EudraCT, number 2007-004591-39, and is closed to new participants.FINDINGS: Between Nov 1, 2001, and Dec 16, 2009, we recruited 583 patients, 341 with stage II and 242 with stage III tumours, and randomly assigned 291 children to treatment including doxorubicin, and 292 children to treatment excluding doxorubicin. Median follow-up was 60·8 months (IQR 40·8-79·8). 2 year event-free survival was 92·6% (95% CI 89·6-95·7) for treatment including doxorubicin and 88·2% (84·5-92·1) for treatment excluding doxorubicin, a difference of 4·4% (95% CI 0·4-9·3) that did not exceed the predefined 10% margin. 5 year overall survival was 96·5% (94·3-98·8) for treatment including doxorubicin and 95·8% (93·3-98·4) for treatment excluding doxorubicin. Four children died from a treatment-related toxic effect; one (<1%) of 291 receiving treatment including doxorubicin died of sepsis, three (1%) of 292 receiving treatment excluding doxorubicin died of varicella, metabolic seizure, and sepsis during treatment for relapse. 17 patients (3%) had hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Cardiotoxic effects were reported in 15 (5%) of 291 children receiving treatment including doxorubicin. 12 children receiving treatment including doxorubicin, and ten children receiving treatment excluding doxorubicin, died, with the remaining deaths from tumour recurrence.INTERPRETATION: Doxorubicin does not need to be included in treatment of stage II-III intermediate risk Wilms' tumour when the histological response to preoperative chemotherapy is incorporated into the risk stratification.FUNDING: See Acknowledgments for funders.
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| 10. |
- Sparber-Sauer, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Local Control in the Treatment of Type II/III Pleuropulmonary Blastoma. Experience of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0022-4790 .- 1096-9098. ; 115:2, s. 164-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: This study aims at examining the potential survival benefits of primary versus secondary surgery in the management of children diagnosed with pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) type II/III.Patients and Methods: Disease characteristics, treatment, and survival of 29 children with localized PPB type II/III, treated in six prospective Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) trials, were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Five year event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) of children treated according to CWS protocols was 72%. Patients with tumors <= 10 cm had a 5 year OS of 91% versus 57% in patients with tumors > 10 cm (P = 0.025). Five year OS of patients with macroscopically incomplete upfront resections was 44% as opposed to 68% in patients with delayed/secondary microscopically or macroscopically complete resection after an initial biopsy (P = 0.476). Ten patients died of disease, one patient died of second malignancy. Tumor size and complete tumor resection at any time were significant prognostic factors (P = 0.025/0.003) for EFS. EFS for microscopically complete, microscopically incomplete, and macroscopically incomplete resection at any time was 91%, 90%, and 25%, respectively (P = 0.01).Conclusions: Primary or secondary microscopically/macroscopically complete tumor resections in combination with chemotherapy correlates with long term survival in children with PPB.
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