| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Danilchenko, Boris A., et al.
(författare)
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1/f noise and mechanisms of the conductivity in carbon nanotube bundles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 49:15, s. 5201-5206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental results are reported of the investigation of conductivity mechanisms in metallic single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles in a wide temperature range from 4.2 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the resistance and noise parameters – the logarithmic slope of the current dependence of noise as well as the normalized current noise – are compared. Remarkable changes in noise characteristics are registered at temperatures typical of the transition from hopping conductivity to Luttinger liquid conductivity and the transition from Luttinger liquid conductivity to diffusion conductivity. In the first transition region, the slope of the normalized noise level of the current changes significantly as a function of temperature. In the region of diffusion conductivity, a stronger variation of the normalized noise level is revealed. These changes in noise properties are correlated with changes in the transport characteristics of SWCNT bundles that allow us to adequately explain the mechanisms of conductivity in the system.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Vicente, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Blobs on the High Field Side of Tokamaks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plasma and Fusion Research. - 1880-6821. ; 5:S2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Turbulence-induced high density filaments, blobs, might represent the new paradigm for radial convectivetransport in the Scrape-Off-Layer of magnetic fusion devices. Models for individual blob dynamics, consideringtheir generation on the Low Field Side (LFS) of the torus have been put forward. We investigate the existence ofblobs in the peripheral region of the High Field Side (HFS) of the FT-2 tokamak. Langmuir probe measurementsare used to detect and characterize blobs. The results were obtained in plasmas with enhanced Lower HybridHeating and data was acquired with a new fast data acquisition system with 50MHz sampling rate. While themajority of the blobs are observed to move towards the wall as expected, some are observed to move inwardstowards the core. This effect is not understood in the light of existing models for the LFS where only the outwarddirection is expected. Further characterization of plasma blobs should therefore involve both HFS and LFS. Thiscould be done at ASDEX Upgrade where reflectometry systems are capable of measuring simultaneously thedensity turbulence on both HFS and LFS. The dependence between radial velocity, size and density of the blobsis also investigated.
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| 7. |
- Bogdanova, Svetlana, et al.
(författare)
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Danopolonian migmatization of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in southernmost Sweden: a SIMS zircon study
- 2014
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-0863 .- 1103-5897. ; 136:2, s. 410-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess the age and origin of the metasedimentary migmatites in southernmost Sweden and their relationships with the Mesoproterozoic granitoid magmatism in the area, we have dated migmatite zircon using the secondary ion mass spectrometry U-Pb method. The studied metasedimentary migmatites, here called the Noteboda migmatites, occur along the southwestern boundary of the 1442 Ma Taghusa granitoid intrusion in southeastern Skane. They contain the mineral assemblage garnet + biotite +/- muscovite + cordierite + sillimanite + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar and were formed during a retrograde evolution from c. 750-720 degrees C and 6 kbar (peak conditions) to c. 675 degrees C and 4 kbar. Zircon is characterized by detrital cores surrounded by U-rich rims and overgrowths. Separate rounded metamorphic grains also exist. The age probability-density distribution peaks for detrital zircon are at c. 1700, 1670, 1650, 1610, 1570 and 1530 Ma. These ages suggest Gothian orogenic rocks in the present west as the most probable principal source. Sedimentation occurred after c. 1530 Ma, the age of the youngest detrital zircon, indicating the existence of a previously unknown period of Mesoproterozoic sedimentation in southernmost Sweden. A homogeneous zircon overgrowth yielded a concordant Pb-207/Pb-206 age of 1439 +/- 5 Ma, which dates the migmatization and is close to the age of the Taghusa intrusion. We conclude that the burial of the sediments down to c. 20 km, their metamorphism and progressive migmatization took place concurrently with granitic magmatism, NE-SW compression, folding and shearing of the crust between 1460 and 1440Ma during the Danopolonian orogeny.
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| 8. |
- Heap, Graham A., et al.
(författare)
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HLA-DQA1-HLA-DRB1 variants confer susceptibility to pancreatitis induced by thiopurine immunosuppressants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:10, s. 1131-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatitis occurs in approximately 4% of patients treated with the thiopurines azathioprine or mercaptopurine. Its development is unpredictable and almost always leads to drug withdrawal. We identified patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who had developed pancreatitis within 3 months of starting these drugs from 168 sites around the world. After detailed case adjudication, we performed a genome-wide association study on 172 cases and 2,035 controls with IBD. We identified strong evidence of association within the class II HLA region, with the most significant association identified at rs2647087 (odds ratio 2.59, 95% confidence interval 2.07-3.26, P = 2 x 10(-16)). We replicated these findings in an independent set of 78 cases and 472 controls with IBD matched for drug exposure. Fine mapping of the H LA region identified association with the HLA-DQA1*02:01-HLA-DRB1*07:01 haplotype. Patients heterozygous at rs2647087 have a 9% risk of developing pancreatitis after administration of a thiopurine, whereas homozygotes have a 17% risk.
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| 9. |
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