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| 2. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Acetabular margin changes in feline hip joints-Implications for radiologic diagnosis and development of osteoarthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 137, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and early morphological features of feline hip osteoarthritis (OA) are largely unknown. Tears in the acetabular labrum and at the chondrolabral transition zone are suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of human hip OA, but in cats such lesions have not been described. We investigated associations between computed tomography (CT)-detected joint changes and microscopic articular cartilage lesions, the distribution of detected changes, and histologically evaluated the acetabular margin (AM) in hip joints from 20 cats. Histologic evaluation was undertaken on at least one joint from each cat. CT-detected joint changes and articular cartilage lesions were graded and the histological appearance of CT-detected osteophytes evaluated. The majority of CTdetected lesions and cartilage lesions were mild. Whole-joint CT scores and AM osteophyte CT scores showed moderate to strong correlation with cartilage scores. The odds were higher for presence of CT-detected osteophytes in craniodorsal, cranial, cranioventral, ventral and dorsal AM regions. Peripheral acetabular regions showed higher cartilage lesion grades than central regions. Tears, seen as fissures/clefts, in labral and perilabral tissues were common. CT-detected AM osteophytes morphologically presented as pointed sclerotic bone, spurshaped bone or rounded chondro-osteophytes. The results suggest that CT is a valuable tool for diagnosing early feline hip OA. CT-detected osteophytes showed variable histologic morphologies, which may implicate different disease mechanisms and/or disease stages. Tears in the AM could represent an early event in feline hip OA and this warrants further investigation.
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| 3. |
- Ley, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography is superior to radiography for detection of feline elbow osteoarthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 140, s. 6-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is common in cats and radiography is typically used for diagnosis. However computed tomography (CT), with its multiplanar three-dimensional characteristics, could have significant advantages for assessment of OA compared to radiography, particularly early in the disease process. The study objectives were to compare radiography and CT to histologic OA changes, investigate the stage of OA that radiography and CT detect, and search for specific changes in CT images strongly predictive for feline elbow OA. Right elbows from 29 cats were evaluated by radiography and CT, and articular cartilage lesions graded histologically and macroscopically. Three further joints were sampled to specifically evaluate the morphology of the anconeal process. Macroscopic, radiographic and CT OA diagnosis were compared to the reference standard histologic OA that was divided into mild, moderate and severe. Osteophytic spurs on the lateral margin of the anconeal process could be reliably measured in CT images (intra-class correlation 0.79) and when >= 0.5 mm had high sensitivity for moderate/severe histologic OA, moderate sensitivity for mild histologic OA and high specificity for all stages of OA. In moderate/severe histologic OA both radiography and CT subjective OA diagnosis had moderate to very high sensitivity. However, in mild histologic OA CT grading had low sensitivity and radiography did not detect OA. In conclusion, CT of the feline elbow including measurement of osteophytes on the anconeal process lateral margin is superior to radiography for OA detection and should be considered for OA diagnosis, particularly when mild OA changes are of interest.
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| 4. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Falciform fat:femur length ratio provides a novel method for objective postmortem estimation of total body fat in overweight and obese cats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1040-6387 .- 1943-4936. ; 34, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of the nutritional condition, including estimation of amounts of total body fat (tBF), at routine postmortem examination of cats is typically based on subjective visual assessment. Subjective assessment may result in uncertainties regarding degree of overweight, and objective methods that provide a numerical value reflecting the tBF could be valuable to accurately judge excess body fat. We investigated if the falciform fat pad weight (FFPW) was correlated to tBF and could be used to detect overweight and obesity in cats. The FFPW and the femur length (FL) were recorded at postmortem examination in 54 cats and the FFPW:FL ratio (FFR) calculated. Each cat was additionally assigned to a fat category (FC) according to subjective assessment. Computed tomography was used to determine tBF as the body fat percentage (%BF), the body fat volume (BFV), and BFV normalized to animal size (nBFV) in 39 cats. There was strong correlation between the FFPW and the BFV (r = 0.888) and between the FFR and the nBFV (r = 0.897). The correlation between the nBFV and %BF was very strong (r = 0.974). Using a lower FFR cutoff value of 3.5 for obesity and 1.6 for overweight, there was a discrepancy in FC between using the FFR and subjective assessment in 6 of 54 cats (11%). We conclude that the FFPW increases proportionally with tBF and that the FFR provides a method for objective tBF estimation. We suggest introducing the FFR to feline postmortem examination protocols as an objective estimate of tBF.
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| 5. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Homeostasis model assessment, serum insulin and their relation to body fat in cats
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundObesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and considered a risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats. It has been proposed that homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), which is the product of fasting serum insulin (mU/L) and glucose (mmol/L) divided by 22.5, can be used to indicate IR. The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to evaluate associations between body fat, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, (ii) to determine population-based reference interval of HOMA-IR in healthy lean cats, and (iii) to evaluate biological variation of HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in cats.Results150 cats were grouped as lean or overweight based on body condition score and in 68 of the cats body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated by computed tomography. Fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations were analysed. Statistical differences in HOMA-IR and insulin between overweight or lean cats were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Robust method with Box-Cox transformation was used for calculating HOMA-IR reference interval in healthy lean cats. Relations between BF% and HOMA-IR and insulin were evaluated by regression analysis. Restricted maximum likelihood ratio was used to calculate indices of biological variation of HOMA-IR and insulin in seven cats.There were significant differences between groups with overweight cats (n = 77) having higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001) and insulin (p = 0.0002) than lean cats (n = 73). Reference interval for HOMA-IR in lean cats was 0.1–3.0. HOMA-IR and fasting insulin concentrations showed similar significant positive association with BF% (p = 0.0010 and p = 0.0017, respectively). Within-animal coefficient of variation of HOMA-IR and insulin was 51% and 49%, respectively.ConclusionsHOMA-IR and fasting insulin higher in overweight than lean cats and correlate to BF%. The established population-based reference interval for HOMA-IR as well as the indices of biological variation for HOMA-IR and fasting insulin may be used when interpreting HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in cats. Further studies are needed to evaluate if HOMA-IR or fasting insulin is useful for identifying cats at risk of developing DM.
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| 6. |
- Tengstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Mystery of fatal 'staggering disease' unravelled: novel rustrela virus causes severe meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Staggering disease’ is a neurological disease entity considered a threat to European domestic cats (Felis catus) for almost five decades. However, its aetiology has remained obscure. Rustrela virus (RusV), a relative of rubella virus, has recently been shown to be associated with encephalitis in a broad range of mammalian hosts. Here, we report the detection of RusV RNA and antigen by metagenomic sequencing, RT-qPCR, in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in brain tissues of 27 out of 29 cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis and clinical signs compatible with’staggering disease’ from Sweden, Austria, and Germany, but not in non-affected control cats. Screening of possible reservoir hosts in Sweden revealed RusV infection in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Our work indicates that RusV is the long-sought cause of feline ‘staggering disease’. Given its reported broad host spectrum and considerable geographic range, RusV may be the aetiological agent of neuropathologies in further mammals, possibly even including humans.
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| 7. |
- Hedenqvist, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of housing environment on bone healing in a critical radius defect in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In animal studies on bone healing, the effect of housing space and physical activity are seldom taken into account. Bone formation was evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SEM BW: 3.9 ± 0.11 kg) with a critical bone defect after 12 weeks of rehabilitation in pair-housing in 3 m2 large floor pens (Floor, n = 10) or standard single housing in 0.43 m2 cages (Cage, n = 10). In the randomised full-factorial study, a bone replica of calcium phosphate cement (CPC, n = 10) or autologous bone (AB, n = 10) was implanted in the unilateral 20 mm radius defect. Post-mortem, the oxidative capacity was measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity in M. quadriceps and the defect filling volume and density evaluated by microcomputer tomography (μ-CT). Histology sections were evaluated by subjective scoring and histomorphometry. Fourteen rabbits remained until the end of the study. Group Floor (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB) had a higher CS activity and a larger bone defect filling volume and lower density by μ-CT measurements than group Cage (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB). Three out of four rabbits in AB-Floor presented fusion of the defect with reorganisation of trabecular bone, whereas three of four in AB-Cage showed areas of incomplete healing. Floor rabbits had a higher score of bony fusion between the radius and ulna than Cage rabbits. There were no differences between groups in histomorphometry. The study found that a larger housing space increased physical activity and promoted bone formation. © 2020 Hedenqvist et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 8. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs at post-mortem examination
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 176, s. 116-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypophysitis has been reported occasionally in dogs, with most cases resembling primary lymphocytic hypophysitis in man. Although it is generally assumed that lymphocytes are not present normally in the canine pituitary gland, few studies have investigated this hypothesis. However, lymphocytes are recognized in the pituitary gland of people and horses without signs of pituitary disease. It is unknown to what degree lymphocyte infiltration of the pituitary gland might occur as an incidental finding in dogs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. Twenty dogs were subjected to routine necropsy examination. Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of pituitary were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using primary antibodies specific for the T-cell marker CD3 and the B-cell marker CD79a. The number of CD3(+) and CD79a(+) cells per area unit (CPA) was determined for different pituitary regions. Two dogs had extensive neoplastic lesions in the pituitary gland and were excluded from analysis. In the remaining 18 dogs, occasional scattered CD3(+) cells were found in the pituitary gland. There was a significant difference in CD3(+) CPA between pituitary regions (P = 0.001). The highest CD3(+) CPA was found in the pars tuberalis (median 41.3 cells/mm(2), interquartile range 20.9-50.5 cells/mm(2)). In six of the 18 dogs (33%), CD79a(+) cells were detected in small number (median total cell number 0 cells/section, interquartile range 0-1.0 cells/section). This study shows that T cell, and fewer B cells, may be found in the pituitary gland of dogs without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. Regional difference in T-cell density, with the highest CD3(+) CPA in the pars tuberalis, may imply regional immunoregulatory functions in the canine pituitary gland. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mellgren, Torbjörn, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Guided bone tissue regeneration using a hollow calcium phosphate based implant in a critical size rabbit radius defect
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long bone fractures are common and sometimes difficult to treat. Autologous bone (AB), bovine bone and calcium phosphates are used to stimulate bone growth with varying results. In the present study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that previously showed promising grafting capabilities was evaluated for the first time in a long bone defect. A radius defect of 20 mm was created in 20 rabbits. The defect was filled by either a hollow CPC implant that had been manufactured as a replica of a rabbit radius through indirect 3D printing, or by particulate AB as control. Defect filling and bone formation was evaluated after 12 weeks by combining micro computed tomography (mu CT) and scoring of 3D images, together with histomorphometry and histology. The mu CT and histomorphometric evaluations showed a similar amount of filling of the defect (combining graft and bone) between the CPC and AB group, but the scoring of 3D images showed that the filling in the CPC group was significantly larger. Histologically the AB graft could not be distinguished from the new bone. The AB treated defects were found to be composed of more bone than the CPC group, including reorganised cancellous and cortical bone. Both the CPC and AB material was associated with new bone formation, also in the middle of the defect, which could result in closing of the otherwise critically sized gap. This study shows the potential for an indirectly 3D printed implant in guided bone regeneration in critically sized long bone defects.
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