| 1. |
- Grubin, C. E., et al.
(författare)
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A novel radioligand binding assay to determine diagnostic accuracy of isoform-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in childhood IDDM
- 1994
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X. ; 37:4, s. 344-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with autoreactivity against GAD but the diagnostic sensitivity (positivity in disease) and specificity (negativity in health) of isoform-specific GAD antibodies have yet to be defined in assay systems suitable for screening large number of samples. One set of IDDM patient (n=10) and control (n=50) standard sera were used to develop quantitative antibody assays with in vitro synthesized recombinant 35S-methionine-labelled GAD65 and GAD67, respectively, and protein A-Sepharose to separate free from antibody-bound ligand. Binding levels were not normally distributed (p<0.0001) and therefore, the diagnostic accuracy of GAD antibodies was analysed by the ROC plots in population-based, consecutively-diagnosed, recent onset, 0-14 year-old patients (n=105), and matched, healthy control subjects (n=157). The ROC plots showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of GAD65 antibodies was 77% and the specificity 92% compared with 8% and 98%, respectively for GAD67 antibodies. In the IDDM sera, GAD65 and GAD67 antibodies were concordant in 7% (6 of 81) and GAD65 antibodies and ICA in 89% (72 of 81) without a correlation between the autoantibody levels. Autoantibodies to recombinant human islet GAD65 are specific and sensitive markers for childhood IDDM in this immunoassay with in vitro synthesized 35S-methioninelabelled recombinant GAD.
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| 2. |
- Chen, F., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a workstation for letter sorting in the Beijing post office
- 1993
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental economics. - : Indian Society of Ergonomics.. - 819005080X ; , s. 61-66
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Chinese postal system, letters are sorted manually using a sorting frame, consisting of vertical and horizontal arrays of pigeon-holes of different dimensions. Letter sorting is a time consuming and a mentally intensive task involving repetitive movements of shoulder and hand muscles. Musculoskeletal complaints and disorders of the lower back, shoulder and hand occur frequently among the letter sorting workers. A total of 293 letter-sorters (71 males and 222 females) from Beijing Postal Sorting Office were subjected to a general health check-up including musculoskeletal disorders coupled with administration of a questionnaire. The worker's daily work load was evaluated by counting the number of letters sorted in each pigeon-hole in the sorting frame and also by considering their arm movements and body postures. The workplace dimensions were also measured. Results revealed that 62.1% of the workers complained of low back pain, 78.5% of shoulder pain and 48.8% of hand pain. A high percentage of workers seemed to have mental intensive symptoms, such as, headache, dizziness and drowsiness. Almost 25% of the female wokers indicated irregularity in their menstruation. An improved ergonomic design of the sorting frame is recommended.
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| 3. |
- Jansson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Aggregation in tetraalkylammonium dodecanoate systems
- 1991
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces. - 0166-6622 .- 1873-4340. ; 59, s. 387-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregation in some different tetraalkylammonium dodecanoate systems has been studied. The influence of counterions on the phase behaviour of both binary surfactant/water systems and more complicated, multi-component systems were investigated, by applying NMR self-diffusion and Langmuir Blodgett techniques. Increasing the size of the tetra_x001F__x001F_alkylammonium counterions was found to lead to a substantial reduction of the critical micelle concentration. This is due to increased ion-micelle interactions associated with the enhanced hydrophobicity of the larger counterions. Furthermore, the increase in the ion size was found to be correlated with a depression of the tendency of the surfactant to form aggregates with low surface curvature, such as liquid-crystalline phases and rod-like micelles. The importance of the counterion size with regard to the formation of microemulsions in surfactant/water/oil systems was also demonstrated.
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