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- Forslind, B., et al.
(författare)
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Elemental content of anagen hairs in a normal Caucasian population studies with proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE)
- 1986
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Ingår i: Scanning electron microscopy. - Chicago : IIT research institute. - 0586-5581. ; :Pt 1, s. 237-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The elemental content of anagen hair fibers in a Caucasian population of healthy females and males in the age range 10-69 years was performed to constitute a baseline for further studies of pathological conditions. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analyses were performed on single hair fibers in triplicate from 103 individuals in order to determine sulfur, zinc, calcium, and chlorine content. The hair fibers were all anagen hairs collected from a site little influenced by genetic and hormonal influences 1.5 cm above the right ear of the probands. An area 5-8 mm from the follicle bottom was chosen for the analysis in all cases to minimize effect of hair-do contamination. The average sulfur content was 0.049 g/g and the average zinc content 170 micrograms/g. These results were not significantly influenced by chloroform/ethanol rinsing before analysis. The calcium and chlorine contents were 330 micrograms/g and 0.0033 g/g respectively. The latter data are expected to be more seriously influenced by external factors (e.g., contamination) than sulfur and zinc. No correlation between elemental concentration and sex was found for sulfur and zinc in the present material. PIXE analysis of single hair fibers yields valuable information on the elemental composition of hair fibers and can be rapidly and efficiently performed after simple mounting procedures.
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- Li, W-B., et al.
(författare)
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Laser transformation hardening of steel : II. Hypereutectoid steels
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta Metallurgica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6160. ; 34:8, s. 1533-1343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For pt.I see ibid., vol.32, p.1935 (1984). The properties of surfaces can be modified by heat-treatments using a scanning laser beam. In pt.I it was shown that the hardness and the depth of the laser-hardened layer in hypereutectoid steels could be predicted, with reasonable accuracy, from a model which combined an analysis of heat flow with one of the kinetics of pearlite dissolution, carbon redistribution in austenite, and subsequent transformation to martensite. In the present study the model is extended to include the case of hypereutectoid steels. A new approximate solution for carbide dissolution is developed, which allows both the changes in particle size and volume fraction, and in carbon content of the austenite, to be estimated. Reasonable agreement between measured and predicted hardness for a laser treated 1% C steel are obtained. The results are presented as laser processing diagrams which show how the case depth and hardness depend on the process variables
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