| 1. |
- Li, Yang, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Dish-Stirling Solar Power Plants: Modeling, Analysis and Control of Receiver Temperature
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. - 1949-3029 .- 1949-3037. ; 5:2, s. 398-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simplified adiabatic model of the Stirling engine is developed for the study of a grid-connected dish-Stirling solar-thermal power plant. The model relates the average values of the engine state variables and also takes into account the engine losses. As the engine is shown to exhibit nonminimum phase behavior, an improved temperature control scheme for the engine heat absorber is developed. By including the engine speed, pressure, and solar insolation limits into the analysis, a steady-state feasible operating regime of the solar-thermal power plant is obtained. A maximum solar energy harness is shown to be achievable through the variable speed operation of the power plant.
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| 2. |
- Gunarathne, Duleeka, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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BIOMASS PRETREATMENT FOR LARGE PERCENTAGE BIOMASS CO-FIRING
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the target of reducing net GHG emissions from coal fired power plants, biomass co-firing in such plants is becoming more and more attractive option among other thermal applications of biomass such as combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. Not only CO2, but effective reduction of SOx and NOx emissions can also be expected with this low cost, sustainable and renewable energy option. However, the economic feasibility of such process largely depends on the cost of biomass acquisition and transportation. Therefore, local availability of large quantities of biomass is important for more economic co-firing. Since always this is not the case, pretreatment of biomass to increase energy density is another way to make biomass economical for long distance transportation. Pretreatment also broaden the usage of biomass sources (eg. wet and waste biomass), reduce the moisture content make it hydrophobic reducing drying energy demand, ease to comminute into small particles creating it more economical source for co-firing. Further, as a result of pretreatment, combustion and electricity generation efficiencies will be improved due to increased heating value of pretreated biomass. Therefore, enhancement of biomass properties is advisable not only to improve its inferior characteristics as well as to make it as suitable alternative for fossil fuels. In this paper, the technologies of biomass pretreatment for thermal application, such as physical and thermochemical pretreatments were reviewed. The upgrading processes of biomass including steam explosion, torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization-HTC were described based on the HHV, adiabatic flame temperature, fouling tendency and emissions. Furthermore, a case study using severely torrified biomass for large percentage co-firing with coal is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Shiliang, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Two Open-Framework Germanates with Nickel Complexes Incorporated into the Framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 50:20, s. 9921-9923
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two open-framework germanates, SUT-1 and SUT-2, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using ethylenecliamine (en, H(2)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(2)) as templates and Ni(NO(3))(2)center dot 6H(2)O as the transition-metal source. Their frameworks are built with Gel() clusters and [Ni(en)(2)](2+) complexes. In both structures, Gel clusters form square nets in the a-c plane, while the [Ni(en)2]2+ complexes bridge the square nets via Ni-O-Ge bonds to form 3D networks. They present the first examples to incorporate Ni(2+) complexes into the germanate frameworks. In SUT-2, additional linkages by Ge(2)O(7) clusters between the square nets generate a new type of topology.
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