| 1. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 2. |
- Chen, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
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A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns : the issues, strategies, and testing standards
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Energy Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 2095-4956 .- 2096-885X. ; 59, s. 83-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient and reliable energy storage systems are crucial for our modern society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent performance are widely used in portable electronics and electric vehicles (EVs), but frequent fires and explosions limit their further and more widespread applications. This review summarizes aspects of LIB safety and discusses the related issues, strategies, and testing standards. Specifically, it begins with a brief introduction to LIB working principles and cell structures, and then provides an overview of the notorious thermal runaway, with an emphasis on the effects of mechanical, electrical, and thermal abuse. The following sections examine strategies for improving cell safety, including approaches through cell chemistry, cooling, and balancing, afterwards describing current safety standards and corresponding tests. The review concludes with insights into potential future developments and the prospects for safer LIBs.
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| 3. |
- Charchar, Fadi J., et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle management of hypertension : International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 42:1, s. 23-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking solvation dominance of ethylene carbonate via molecular charge engineering enables lower temperature battery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperatures severely impair the performance of lithium-ion batteries, which demand powerful electrolytes with wide liquidity ranges, facilitated ion diffusion, and lower desolvation energy. The keys lie in establishing mild interactions between Li+ and solvent molecules internally, which are hard to achieve in commercial ethylene-carbonate based electrolytes. Herein, we tailor the solvation structure with low-ε solvent-dominated coordination, and unlock ethylene-carbonate via electronegativity regulation of carbonyl oxygen. The modified electrolyte exhibits high ion conductivity (1.46 mS·cm−1) at −90 °C, and remains liquid at −110 °C. Consequently, 4.5 V graphite-based pouch cells achieve ~98% capacity over 200 cycles at −10 °C without lithium dendrite. These cells also retain ~60% of their room-temperature discharge capacity at −70 °C, and miraculously retain discharge functionality even at ~−100 °C after being fully charged at 25 °C. This strategy of disrupting solvation dominance of ethylene-carbonate through molecular charge engineering, opens new avenues for advanced electrolyte design.
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| 5. |
- Gong, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the suitability of model-integrated evidence to demonstrate bioequivalence for long-acting injectable and implantable drug products : Summary of workshop
- 2023
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Ingår i: CPT. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2163-8306. ; 12:5, s. 624-630
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- On November 30, 2021, the US Food and Drug administration (FDA) and the Center for Research on Complex Generics (CRCG) hosted a virtual public workshop titled "Establishing the Suitability of Model-Integrated Evidence (MIE) to Demonstrate Bioequivalence for Long-Acting Injectable and Implantable (LAI) Drug Products. " This workshop brought relevant parties from the industry, academia, and the FDA in the field of modeling and simulation to explore, identify, and recommend best practices on utilizing MIE for bioequivalence (BE) assessment of LAI products. This report summerized presentations and panel discussions for topics including challenges and opportunities in development and assessment of generic LAI products, current status of utilizing MIE, recent research progress of utilizing MIE in generic LAI products, alternative designs for BE studies of LAI products, and model validation/verification strategies associated with different types of MIE approaches.
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| 6. |
- Li, Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Sparse regularized joint projection model for identifying associations of non-coding RNAs and human diseases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0950-7051 .- 1872-7409. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current human biomedical research shows that human diseases are closely related to non-coding RNAs, so it is of great significance for human medicine to study the relationship between diseases and non-coding RNAs. Current research has found associations between non-coding RNAs and human diseases through a variety of effective methods, but most of the methods are complex and targeted at a single RNA or disease. Therefore, we urgently need an effective and simple method to discover the associations between non-coding RNAs and human diseases. In this paper, we propose a sparse regularized joint projection model (SRJP) to identify the associations between non-coding RNAs and diseases. First, we extract information through a series of ncRNA similarity matrices and disease similarity matrices and assign average weights to the similarity matrices of the two sides. Then we decompose the similarity matrices of the two spaces into low-rank matrices and put them into SRJP. In SRJP, we innovatively use the projection matrix to combine the ncRNA side and the disease side to identify the associations between ncRNAs and diseases. Finally, the regularization term in SRJP effectively improves the robustness and generalization ability of the model. We test our model on different datasets involving three types of ncRNAs: circRNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA. The experimental results show that SRJP has superior ability to identify and predict the associations between ncRNAs and diseases. © 2022 The Author(s)
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| 7. |
- Liu, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on the structural feature and gasification reactivity of bio-char derived from energy crop
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A kind of energy crops (Arundo donax) was selected to investigate effects of pyrolysis heating rate (PHR) on char structure and CO2 gasification reactivity. The gasification reactivity and microstructure of char obtained at various PHR were explored. Besides, the surface morphology, microcrystalline and aromatic structure of bio-chars were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the main thermal decomposition of Arundo donax occurs in the range of 180 °C - 570 °C. The surface of chars obtained at rapid pyrolysis appears to be rougher than that under slow pyrolysis. Rapid pyrolysis results in high temperature gradient inside and outside the particles, leading to condensation of free radical fragments in a short time. The bio-char obtained at rapid heating rate has more structural defects and imperfections of the carbon crystallites. Besides, the crystallization size, graphitization and aromatization degree decrease of bio-char were inhibited as the PHR increased. In addition, some H2O-soluble K was volatilized with the increase of heating rate, and a small part was converted to NH4Ac-soluble K during pyrolysis. Therefore, the gasification reactivity of chars obtained from rapid pyrolysis rate was higher than that from the low pyrolysis rate, which was associated with the formation of alkali metal distribution and micro-areas structure evolution in the bio-chars.
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| 8. |
- Luo, Jiaxin, et al.
(författare)
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Solar cells sensitized by donor-linked concerted companion dyes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 11:16, s. 5450-5460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, concerted companion (CC) dyes have been developed by covalently linking the acceptors of organic and porphyrin dye units. Herein, a new class of CC dyes XW85 and XW86 have been designed by linking the donors of porphyrin and organic dye units with C6H12 and C12H24 chains, respectively. The DSSCs of XW85 based on the I-3(-)/I- electrolyte show significant J(SC) (17.20 mA cm(-2)) and PCE (8.96%), and XW86 exhibits higher J(SC) (18.55 mA cm(-2)) and PCE (9.76%), which are also higher than those of the corresponding cosensitization systems. However, the PCEs for XW85 and XW86 are lower than that of the acceptor-linked reference dye XW76 despite the obviously larger dye adsorption amounts. Desorption studies reveal that the CC dyes may be either double-anchored or single-anchored, with the double/single anchoring ratios lying in a sequence of XW85 (1.31) < XW86 (1.88) < XW76 (6.34), consistent with that of increasing PCE. These observations indicate that the non-adsorbed sub-dye unit cannot effectively contribute to electron injection, and thus relatively large mono-anchoring proportions for XW85 and XW86 result in their relatively low J(SC), and the difference between XW85 and XW86 indicates that a longer linking chain is beneficial for partially alleviating the unfavorable single anchoring, resulting in superior performance. The results indicate that the photovoltaic behavior for the CC dyes may be further enhanced by avoiding the unfavorable alignment of the two carboxyl groups in opposite directions and thus simultaneously anchoring the two carboxyl groups, which may be realized through more rational molecular design.
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| 9. |
- Shi, Haonan, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence, risk factors, impact and management of pneumonia among preschool children in Chinese seven cities : a cross-sectional study with interrupted time series analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7015. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pneumonia is a common disease worldwide in preschool children. Despite its large population size, China has had no comprehensive study of the national prevalence, risk factors, and management of pneumonia among preschool children. We therefore investigated the prevalence of pneumonia among preschool children in Chinese seven representative cities, and explore the possible risk factors of pneumonia on children, with a view to calling the world's attention to childhood pneumonia to reduce the prevalence of childhood pneumonia.Methods: Two group samples of 63,663 and 52,812 preschool children were recruited from 2011 and 2019 surveys, respectively. Which were derived from the cross-sectional China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study using a multi-stage stratified sampling method. This survey was conducted in kindergartens in seven representative cities. Exclusion criteria were younger than 2 years old or older than 8 years old, non-permanent population, basic information such as gender, date of birth and breast feeding is incomplete. Pneumonia was determined on the basis of parents reported history of clearly diagnosed by the physician. All participants were assessed with a standard questionnaire. Risk factors for pneumonia, and association between pneumonia and other respiratory diseases were examined by multivariable-adjusted analyses done in all participants for whom data on the variables of interest were available. Disease management was evaluated by the parents' reported history of physician diagnosis, longitudinal comparison of risk factors in 2011 and 2019.Results: In 2011 and 2019, 31,277 (16,152 boys and 15,125 girls) and 32,016 (16,621 boys and 15,395 girls) preschool children aged at 2-8 of permanent population completed the questionnaire, respectively, and were thus included in the final analysis. The findings showed that the age-adjusted prevalence of pneumonia in children was 32.7% in 2011 and 26.4% in 2019. In 2011, girls (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95%CI [confidence interval]0.87-0.96; p = 0.0002), rural (0.85, 0.73-0.99; p = 0.0387), duration of breastfeeding & GE; 6 months(0.83, 0.79-0.88; p < 0.0001), birth weight (g) & GE; 4000 (0.88, 0.80-0.97; p = 0.0125), frequency of putting bedding to sunshine (Often) (0.82, 0.71-0.94; p = 0.0049), cooking fuel type (electricity) (0.87, 0.80-0.94; p = 0.0005), indoor use air-conditioning (0.85, 0.80-0.90; p < 0.0001) were associated with a reduced risk of childhood pneumonia. Age (4-6) (1.11, 1.03-1.20; p = 0.0052), parental smoking (one) (1.12, 1.07-1.18; p < 0.0001), used antibiotics (2.71, 2.52-2.90; p < 0.0001), history of parental allergy (one and two) (1.21, 1.12-1.32; p < 0.0001 and 1.33, 1.04-1.69; p = 0.0203), indoor dampness (1.24, 1.15-1.33; p < 0.0001), home interior decoration (1.11, 1.04-1.19; p = 0.0013), Wall painting materials (Paint) (1.16, 1.04-1.29; p = 0.0084), flooring materials (Laminate / Composite wood) (1.08, 1.02-1.16; p = 0.0126), indoor heating mode(Central heating)(1.18, 1.07-1.30, p = 0.0090), asthma (2.38, 2.17-2.61; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.36, 1.25-1.47; p < 0.0001), wheezing (1.64, 1.55-1.74; p < 0.0001) were associated with an elevated risk of childhood pneumonia; pneumonia was associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma (2.53, 2.31-2.78; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.41, 1.29-1.53; p < 0.0001) and wheezing (1.64, 1.55-1.74; p < 0.0001). In 2019, girls (0.92, 0. 87-0.97; p = 0.0019), duration of breastfeeding & GE; 6 months (0.92, 0.87-0.97; p = 0.0031), used antibiotics (0.22, 0.21-0.24; p < 0.0001), cooking fuel type (Other) (0.40, 0.23-0.63; p = 0.0003), indoor use air-conditioning (0.89, 0.83-0.95; p = 0.0009) were associated with a reduced risk of childhood pneumonia. Urbanisation (Suburb) (1.10, 1.02-1.18; p = 0.0093), premature birth (1.29, 1.08-1.55; p = 0.0051), birth weight (g) < 2500 (1.17, 1.02-1.35; p = 0.0284), parental smoking (1.30, 1.23-1.38; p < 0.0001), history of parental asthma (One) (1.23, 1.03-1.46; p = 0.0202), history of parental allergy (one and two) (1.20, 1.13-1.27; p < 0.0001 and 1.22, 1.08-1.37; p = 0.0014), cooking fuel type (Coal) (1.58, 1.02-2.52; p = 0.0356), indoor dampness (1.16, 1.08-1.24; p < 0.0001), asthma (1.88, 1.64-2.15; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.57, 1.45-1.69; p < 0.0001), wheezing (2.43, 2.20-2.68; p < 0.0001) were associated with an elevated risk of childhood pneumonia; pneumonia was associated with an elevated risk of childhood asthma (1.96, 1.72-2.25; p < 0.0001), allergic rhinitis (1.60, 1.48-1.73; p < 0.0001) and wheezing (2.49, 2.25-2.75; p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Pneumonia is prevalent among preschool children in China, and it affects other childhood respiratory diseases. Although the prevalence of pneumonia in Chinese children shows a decreasing trend in 2019 compared to 2011, a well-established management system is still needed to further reduce the prevalence of pneumonia and reduce the burden of disease in children.
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| 10. |
- Stergiou, George, et al.
(författare)
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Bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medications: systematic review and consensus statement : International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 40:10, s. 1847-1858
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antihypertensive drug therapy is one of the most efficient medical interventions for preventing disability and death globally. Most of the evidence supporting its benefits has been derived from outcome trials with morning dosing of medications. Accumulating evidence suggests an adverse prognosis associated with night-time hypertension, nondipping blood pressure (BP) profile and morning BP surge, with increased incidence of cardiovascular events during the first few morning hours. These observations provide justification for complete 24-h BP control as being the primary goal of antihypertensive treatment. Bedtime administration of antihypertensive drugs has also been proposed as a potentially more effective treatment strategy than morning administration. This Position Paper by the International Society of Hypertension reviewed the published evidence on the clinical relevance of the diurnal variation in BP and the timing of antihypertensive drug treatment, aiming to provide consensus recommendations for clinical practice. Eight published outcome hypertension studies involved bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drugs, and all had major methodological and/or other flaws and a high risk of bias in testing the impact of bedtime compared to morning treatment. Three ongoing, well designed, prospective, randomized controlled outcome trials are expected to provide high-quality data on the efficacy and safety of evening or bedtime versus morning drug dosing. Until that information is available, preferred use of bedtime drug dosing of antihypertensive drugs should not be routinely recommended in clinical practice. Complete 24-h control of BP should be targeted using readily available, long-acting antihypertensive medications as monotherapy or combinations administered in a single morning dose.
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