| 1. |
- Valdiosera, Cristina, et al.
(författare)
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Typing single polymorphic nucleotides in mitochondrial DNA as a way to access Middle Pleistocene DNA
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biology Letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 2:4, s. 601-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we have used a technique designed to target short fragments containing informative mitochondrial substitutions to extend the temporal limits of DNA recovery and study the molecular phylogeny of Ursus deningeri. We present a cladistic analysis using DNA recovered from 400 kyr old U. deningeri remains, which demonstrates U. deningeri's relation to Ursus spelaeus. This study extends the limits of recovery from skeletal remains by almost 300 kyr. Plant material from permafrost environments has yielded DNA of this age in earlier studies, and our data suggest that DNA in teeth from cave environments may be equally well preserved.
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| 2. |
- Blom, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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A 9-year follow-up study of participants and nonparticipants in sigmoidoscopy screening : importance of self-selection
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 17:5, s. 1163-1168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Self-selection may compromise cost-effectiveness of screening programs. We hypothesized that nonparticipants have generally higher morbidity and mortality than participants. METHODS: A Swedish population-based random sample of 1,986 subjects ages 59 to 61 years was invited to sigmoidoscopy screening and followed up for 9 years by means of multiple record linkages to health and population registers. Gender-adjusted cancer incidence rate ratio (IRR) and overall and disease group-specific and mortality rate ratio (MRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated for nonparticipants relative to participants. Cancer and mortality rates were also estimated relative to the age-matched, gender-matched, and calendar period-matched Swedish population using standardized incidence ratios and standardized mortality ratios. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent participated. The incidence of colorectal cancer (IRR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.8-5.9), other gastrointestinal cancer (IRR, 2.7; 95% CI, 0.6-12.8), lung cancer (IRR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.8-5.9), and smoking-related cancer overall (IRR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7-2.5) tended to be increased among nonparticipants relative to participants. Standardized incidence ratios for most of the studied cancers tended to be >1.0 among nonparticipants and <1.0 among participants. Mortality from all causes (MRR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7-3.4), neoplastic diseases (MRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5), gastrointestinal cancer (MRR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.1-20.7), and circulatory diseases (MRR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2) was significantly higher among nonparticipants than among participants. Standardized mortality ratio for the studied outcomes tended to be increased among nonparticipants and was generally decreased among participants. CONCLUSION: Individuals who might benefit most from screening are overrepresented among nonparticipants. This self-selection may attenuate the cost-effectiveness of screening programs on a population level.
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| 3. |
- Blom, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Toward understanding non participation in sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 122:7, s. 1618-1623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the reasons for nonparticipation in cancer screening may give clues about how to improve compliance. However, limited cooperation has hampered research on nonparticipant profiles. We took advantage of Sweden's comprehensive demographic and health care registers to investigate characteristics of all participants and nonparticipants in a pilot program for colorectal cancer screening with sigmoidoscopy. A population-based sample of 1986 Swedish residents 59-61 years old was invited. Registers provided information on each individual's gender, country of birth, marital status, education, income, hospital contacts, place of residence, distance to screening center and cancer within the family. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), modeled with multivariable logistic regression, estimated the independent associations between each background factor and the propensity for nonparticipation after control for the effects of other factors. All statistical tests were 2-sided. Being male (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03-1.57, relative to female), unmarried or divorced (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.23-2.30 and OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14-1.95, respectively, relative to married) and having an income in the lowest tertile (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.27-2.23, relative to highest tertile) was associated with increased nonparticipation. Living in the countryside or in small communities and having a documented family history of colorectal cancer was associated with better participation. Distance to the screening center did not significantly affect participation, nor did recent hospital care consumption or immigrant status. To increase compliance, invitations must appeal to men, unmarried or divorced people and people with low socioeconomic status.
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| 4. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Process for Participatory Democracy in Electronic Government
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. - : Wiley. - 1057-9214 .- 1099-1360. ; 15:1-2, s. 15-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a project and case study integrating decision methods into democratic processes. The case discussed is a set of three complicated decisions in a municipality in Sweden. The decisions had been postponed on several occasions prior to bringing in the method described in the paper. The method employed consists of two main parts. The interaction part contains the communication channels directed to the stakeholders. The decision-process part consists of a three-layered working process model. As a part of the method, the project was highly visible on the web. Citizens were encouraged to submit material to the project. All intermediate results of the process were continuously published, enhancing transparency. For each decision, the analysis consisted of comparing all alternatives, taking the respective criteria into account as weighted or ranked by the participants. A method for recording compromises analytically was also used. The purpose was not to replace the political process but to support it in a structured way.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jeppsson, Anders, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical repair of post infarction ventricular septal defects: a national experience
- 2005
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Ingår i: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940. ; 27:2, s. 216-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Ventricular septal rupture is a rare but feared complication after acute myocardial infarction. Most reports about outcome after surgical treatment are single center experiences. We investigated the results after surgical repair in all patients in Sweden during a 7-year period. METHODS: All patients undergoing surgical repair 1992-1998 were identified with the aid of the Swedish Heart Surgery Registry. The patients (n=189, 63% men, mean age 69+/-8 years) were operated at 10 different centers. Pre-and peri-operative variables were collected from the Registry and individual patient charts. Mortality was calculated and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors for early and late mortality. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years. RESULTS: Seventy-seven of the 189 patients died within 30 days (41%). Urgent repair (Risk Ratio 4.2 (2.0-8.9), P<0.001) and posterior rupture (RR 2.1 (1.3-3.4), P=0.002) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Total cumulative survival (Kaplan-Meyer) was 38% at 5 years. For patients that survived the first 30 days (n=112), 5 year cumulative survival was 67%. Independent predictors for mortality after 30 days were number of concomitant coronary anastomoses (RR 1.5 (1.2-2.0), P=0.001), residual postoperative shunt (RR 2.7 (1.4-5.4), P=0.004) and postoperative dialysis (RR 3.4 (1.5-7.5), P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Early mortality after surgical repair of post infarction septal rupture is still considerable. Early repair and posterior rupture are predictors of early mortality. Long-term survival in patients surviving the immediate postoperative period is limited by pre-existing coronary artery disease, postoperative renal failure and the presence of a residual postoperative shunt.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lidén, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of side impacting dynamic armour components on long rod projectiles
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- (LRP) before they hit the basic armour is a weight efficient way of in-creasing the protection of lighter vehicles. In this study, the effect of moving armour components, in the form of one or three cylindrical rods, hitting the side of the LRP, was investigated. The rods were hit-ting the side of the LRP at an angle of attack of 60 degrees. Rod ve-locities of 200 and 600 m/s and hitting points in the front and in the middle of the LRP were studied. The velocity of the LRP was 2000 m/s. The study is based on small scale reverse impact experiments and continuum dynamic simulations.To break the LRP, high rod velocities must be used. One rod hitting the LRP at 200 m/s gives approximately the same effect (some yaw but no fracture) as that of a moving oblique plate having the same ve-locity and angle of obliquity. Increasing the velocity of the rod to 600 m/s resulted in fracture of the LRP closely behind the hitting point both when hitting the front and the middle of the LRP. When using three rods, fracture was only obtained when the hitting points of the rods were closely spaced.
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| 10. |
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