| 1. |
- Cederfjäll, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption among Middle-Aged Women: A Population-Based Study of Swedish Women. The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9891 .- 1022-6877. ; 10:1, s. 15-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a total population of 10,766 Swedish 50- to 59-year-old women, 6,917 (64.2%) participated in the Women’s Health in Lund Area (WHILA) study, and among them 6,623 (95.7%) answered the questions on alcohol consumption. One out of 4 women (26.0%) consumed no alcohol in an ordinary week (non-drinkers), 57.4% consumed not more than 83 g alcohol, 12.5% consumed 84–167 g and 4.2% consumed 168 g or more. The weekly drinkers had a median consumption of 40.0 g alcohol (range 2.5–1,036.0) and the main sort of alcohol was wine. Comparing the four drinking groups, most differences occurred between the non-drinking and the weekly drinking women. The non-drinkers had lower socio-demographic status, poorer health and more symptoms, especially physical symptoms. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, most associations between non-drinking and lower socio-demographic status remained.
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| 2. |
- Enstrom, I, et al.
(författare)
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Does blood pressure differ between users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy? The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 11:4, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether blood pressure over 24 h differed between postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy. Methods: One group of hormone replacement postmenopausal women (n = 32) and one group of non-hormone replacement (n = 32) postmenopausal women underwent non-invasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. They were randomly selected among the 2000 firstly screened women in an ongoing project in Lund, Sweden. The study was designed to detect a difference of 5 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure over 24 h with a power of 80% and 5% significance (two-tailed test). Results: The hormone replacement women had a mean (SD) office blood pressure of 128/76 (12/8) mmHg and the non-hormone replacement 126/78 (16/8) mmHg. Mean ambulatory blood pressure over 24 h, day and night, in the hormone replacement group was 121/72 (11/7), 126/76 (12/8), 111/64 (11/7) mmHg. The corresponding values in the non-hormone replacement group were 118/72 (12/7), 124/77 (12/7), and 107/64 (13/7) ( p > 0.40 for diastolic blood pressure and p > 0.20 for systolic blood pressure). Mean heart rate over 24 h was 71 (7) and 73 (8) beats/min in the hormone and non-hormone replacement groups, respectively. Conclusion: There was no difference in blood pressure or heart rate between the hormone replacement and non-hormone replacement postmenopausal women, either over 24 h or during the day or night. Hormone replacement in postmenopausal women seems not to have an influence on blood pressure, but of course we are aware that this is a cross-sectional study, which has its limitations.
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| 3. |
- Gunnarsson, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pelvic floor exercises in middle aged women with a history of naïve urinary incontinence: a population based study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Urology. - 1873-7560. ; 41:5, s. 556-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To follow the effect of a 4-month pelvic floor exercise (PFE) program in women with naïve urinary incontinence with vaginal electromyography (EMG), pressure and palpation and also to compare the initial findings with symptom-free women of the same age.METHODS: The pelvic floor function expressed with vaginal EMG, pressure and palpation was measured before, during and after 4 months of PFEs in 60 previously untreated incontinent women, 50 of whom completed the study. The patients' perception of the situation and the amount of leakage were estimated before and after PFE. The incontinent group was compared at baseline and after PFE with 28 healthy controls. All women in this study (age 53-63) were randomly recruited from a major population based study.RESULTS: At baseline, the incontinent women had significant reductions of both vaginal EMG activity and pelvic floor muscle condition as estimated by palpation compared to the healthy group. During training a successive, significant increase was seen in both EMG, pressure and palpation and the values eventually exceeded those of the healthy women. The measures reflecting improvement of pelvic floor function thus showed a consistent and progressive pattern. The degree of improvement was higher in those with initial high values in the muscle function tests than in the women with lower initial EMG values, pressures and findings on palpation. No differences were seen between patients with a history of stress incontinence and patients with an urge component, i.e. urge or mixed incontinence. Sixty-four percent of the women were satisfied and wanted no further treatment. The median leakage at pad-test decreased from 5 (range 0-328) to 1 (range 0-126) g/24h. The correlation between the vaginal and the pad-test measurements was weak.CONCLUSION: Women with urinary incontinence have a significant reduction of pelvic floor function as estimated with vaginal EMG and palpation as compared to symptom-free controls. A successive normalization of vaginal EMG, pressure and findings at palpation was seen during the 4-month training period. Incontinence of both stress type and with an urge component can be alleviated in most of the women with PFE. These methods might be useful for routine evaluation of the pelvic neuromuscular disorder present in incontinent women.
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| 4. |
- Håkansson, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health in middle-aged women : Associations with sense of coherence and socioeconomic and health-related factors
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 10:3, s. 99-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe and analyse self-rated health in relation to sense of coherence and socioeconomic and health-related factors and to explore the associations between self-rated health and these factors in order to identify health resources and health limitations in a group of healthy middle-aged women. Healthy middle-aged women from a defined geographical area in Southern Sweden ( n =577) answered a postal survey with the sense of coherence scale and questions about socioeconomic and health-related conditions. The results showed that very good/rather good self-rated health was associated with high sense of coherence and good economic situation, and these factors can be seen as a health resource. Poor self-rated health was most strongly associated with perceived symptoms of tension, weak sense of coherence, treatment for depression, treatment for chronic disease, and difficult economic situation, and these factors can be seen as health limitations. In conclusion, only 29% of the women rated their health as very good and 41% of the women had symptoms of tension but they were not sick-listed. It is of major public health interest to improve the understanding of self-rated health and to develop health promotion for women and methods to prevent symptoms of tension and sick-listing.
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| 5. |
- Jernström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of different types of hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of subsequent breast cancer: the women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study (Sweden)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - 1573-7225. ; 14:7, s. 673-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Reports suggest that combined estrogen plus progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) confers a higher breast cancer risk than estrogen alone. We aimed to establish whether breast cancer risk depends on the type of HRT formula. Methods: The cohort consisted of 6586 women, aged 50 - 64 years, from the Lund area, Sweden, with no reported breast cancer upon inclusion. We obtained information such as HRT use through a questionnaire between December 1995 and February 2000. New breast cancers were identified through the South Swedish tumor registry. Results: Between inclusion and December 2001, 101 women developed breast cancer. Only ever use of the continuous combined estrogen plus progestin ( CCEP) formula differed between cases and controls (45.2% versus 23.5%; p = 0.000001). Compared with never users, exclusive CCEP users had the highest age-adjusted hazard ratio HR 3.3 (95% CI: 1.9 - 5.6; p < 0.001), followed by users of CCEP in addition to other HRT formulas HR 2.8 (95% CI: 1.4 - 5.5; p = 0.003). No significant increase was seen in women who exclusively used other HRT formulas. Conclusion: Women who used CCEP had over three times the risk of developing breast cancer compared with never users and twice the risk compared with users of other types of HRT.
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| 6. |
- Khatibi Esfanjani, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Does hormone therapy increase allergic reactions and upper gastrointestinal problems?; Results from a population-based study of Swedish woman. The women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4111 .- 0378-5122. ; 48:4, s. 438-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To delineate the use of various drugs particularly pertaining to allergy and upper gastrointestinal problems in relation to hormone status in middle aged women. Methods: An analysis from a population-based study on women born between 1935 and 1945 and lived in the Lund area southern Sweden. Of 10766 women, 6917 provided complete data sets; in turn 5673 were assessed for the use of medication in this study. Among the cohort, 9% of women were premenopausal (PM), 54% were postmenopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PM0) and 37% were current hormone replacement therapy users (PMT). Results: There were 7 (1.3%) women in PM, 11 (0.4%) in PMO and 21 (1.0%) in PMT group who used loratadine regularly. There was a significant difference between the PM and PMO groups and also between the PMO and PMT groups in the use of loratadine (P < 0.05). Among 21 loratadine users in PMT group 4 (19%) used transdermal patches and 17 (81%) used oral HRT. The result for omeprazole use was as follows: 4 (0.8%) of PM group, 39 (1.3%) of PMO group and 42 (2.0%) of PMT group. The use of omeprazole was significantly higher in the PMT group than in the PM (P = 0.05) and PMO group (P < 0.05). There was no relation between the use of omeprazole and smoking or alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Use of hormone replacement therapy seems to be related to a higher frequency of omeprazole and loratadine use, which implies that hormone replacement therapy, may be associated with more upper gastrointestinal symptoms as well as allergy. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
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Health profile of middle-aged women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 17:5, s. 1379-1385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Middle-aged women experience various health-related problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of menopause status and hormone intervention on women's health. METHODS: In an ongoing, population-based study, 4943 women, born 1935 to 1945 and living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden, were included in this analysis. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic background and current health-related symptoms. Among the cohort, 9% of women were pre-menopausal (PM), 52% were post-menopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PMO) and 39% were current hormone replacement therapy users (PMT). RESULTS: Hot flushes and vaginal dryness were strongly related to menopausal status. The prevalence of somatic symptoms worsened progressively from the groups of PM to PMO to PMT. The most abundant complaints were headache and muscle-skeletal-joint problems. A total of 85% of women experienced psychological problems. Contrary to our expectation, a poorer profile of psychological health was found in the PMT group when compared with the PMO group. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of symptoms in middle-aged women could be attributed to age, hormonal influence as well as personality.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lidfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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A screening procedure detecting high-yield candidates for OGTT. The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study: a population based study of middle-aged Swedish women
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - 1573-7284. ; 17:10, s. 943-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to evaluate a screening procedure for detecting high-yield candidates for an OGTT, in a population of middle-aged Swedish women. A two-step screening procedure was performed in 6917 subjects. Women with a positive screening outcome, i.e. increased non-fasting capillary blood glucose, serum triglycerides, BMI, WHR, blood pressure or a family history of diabetes, pharmacological treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidaemia at the primary screening underwent a 75-g OGTT. A control group of women with negative screening outcome (n = 221) also underwent an OGTT. In 2923 women with positive screening outcome, 517 (17.7%) had NFG/IGT (normal fasting venous blood glucose <5.6 mmol/l and 2h-glucose 6.7-9.9 mmol/l), 109 (3.7%) IFG/IGT (fasting 5.6-6.0 and 2h 6.7-9.9 mmol/l) and 223 (7.6%) diabetes (fasting > or = 6.1 or 2h > or = 10.0 mmol/l). These figures were three, five and four times higher, respectively, than in the control group with negative screening outcome (p < 0.001 for all); no differences were found for IFG/NGT (fasting 5.6-6.0 and normal 2h < 6.7 mmol/l) (4.6% vs. 7.2%). For predicting impaired glucose metabolism (IFG/NGT, NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT, diabetes), the screening instrument showed an estimated sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 55%, positive predictive value of 34% and negative predictive value of 85%, based on findings in the control sample. The odds ratio for NFG/IGT increased with the numbers of risk factors from 2.8 to 7.7, for IFG/ IGT from 5.7 to 55.0 and for diabetes from 2.5 to 18.1. High B-glucose, WHR and BMI were the three most important factors associated with an increased risk for NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT and diabetes. In subjects with IFG/NGT, none of the screening variables was associated with an increased risk. In summary, the results show a population screening method focused on features of the metabolic syndrome that discloses high-yield candidates for OGTT. A high prevalence of unknown impaired glucose metabolism was found in middle-aged women with a positive screening profile.
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| 10. |
- Lidfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Basic lifestyle advice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research. - 0265-5985. ; , s. 9-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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