| 1. |
- Jahnson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study of patterns of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599. ; 43:4, s. 271-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a population-based national register, and specifically to investigate the role of curative therapy (i.e. cystectomy or radiotherapy) in relation to patient, tumour and hospital characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Swedish Bladder Cancer Register covers more than 90% of all patients in the country who have been diagnosed with such disease since 1997. Results from 1997-2003 were analysed regarding curative-intent treatment given within 3-6 months of diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS: In total, 3463 patients with clinical T2-T4 bladder cancer were included in the analysis. Of those patients, 1426 (41%) received curative-intent treatment in the form of radiotherapy (285, 20%) or cystectomy (1141, 80%). Male gender, age < 76 years, favourable TNM category and registration at a high-volume hospital were associated with such treatment. Curative-intent treatment was given to significantly more patients registered at high-volume hospitals (1003/2227, 45%) than at low-volume hospitals (423/1235, 34%) (chi(2)=37.7, p<0.00001). Cystectomy was performed more often in those registered at high-volume than at low-volume hospitals (826/2227, 37%, and 316/1235, 26%, respectively, chi(2)=47.3, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower rates of curative-intent treatment were found in patients registered at low-volume than at high-volume facilities, and the same was seen when comparing females with males, and patients aged 76-80 years with younger patients. Since many of these bladder cancer patients were registered at and eventually treated at hospitals handling fewer than 10 such cases annually, it seems desirable to concentrate treatment of this disease at more specialized centres.
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| 2. |
- Aili, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles using De Novo Designed Polypeptide Scaffolds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings SPIE, Vol. 6885, Photonic Biosensing and Microoptics. - : SPIE. ; , s. 688506-1-688506-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterodimerization between designed helix-loop-helix polypeptides was utilized in order to assemble gold nanoparticles on planar substrates. The peptides were designed to fold into four-helix bundles upon dimerization. A Cys-residue in the loop region was used to immobilize one of the complementary peptides on a maleimide containing SAM on planar gold substrates whereas the second peptide was immobilized directly on gold nanoparticles. Introducing the peptide decorated particles over a peptide functionalized surface resulted in particle assembly. Further, citrate stabilized particles were assembled on amino-silane modified glass and silicon substrates. By subsequently introducing peptides and gold nanoparticles, particle-peptide hybrid multi layers could be formed.
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| 3. |
- Aili, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Folding Induced Assembly of Polypeptide Decorated Gold Nanoparticles
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 130:17, s. 5780-5788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles controlled by the homodimerization and folding of an immobilized de novo designed synthetic polypeptide is described. In solution at neutral pH, the polypeptide folds into a helix-loop-helix four-helix bundle in the presence of zinc ions. When immobilized on gold nanoparticles, the addition of zinc ions induces dimerization and folding between peptide monomers located on separate particles, resulting in rapid particle aggregation. The particles can be completely redispersed by removal of the zinc ions from the peptide upon addition of EDTA. Calcium ions, which do not induce folding in solution, have no effect on the stability of the peptide decorated particles. The contribution from folding on particle assembly was further determined utilizing a reference peptide with the same primary sequence but containing both D and L amino acids. Particles functionalized with the reference peptide do not aggregate, as the peptides are unable to fold. The two peptides, linked to the nanoparticle surface via a cysteine residue located in the loop region, form submonolayers on planar gold with comparable properties regarding surface density, orientation, and ability to interact with zinc ions. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle assembly can be induced, controlled, and to some extent tuned, by exploiting specific molecular interactions involved in polypeptide folding.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging SPR for detection of local electrochemical processes on patterned surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 134:2, s. 545-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR) was used in conjunction with voltammetry to investigate the possibility of detecting local electrochemical processes in situ on chemically modified electrodes. More specifically, a pattern of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiocholesterol and 1-hexadecanethiol was microcontact printed on gold substrates, and the blocking characteristics on different parts of the pattern were investigated. The SPR images reflected the changes in the refractive index over the working electrode due to electrochemical processes, which in the present case showed the ability of the SAMs to impede faradaic reactions. The results show that differences in packing densities or porosity of SAMs in different regions of a patterned surface can be visualized as electrochemical images using iSPR. The strength of utilizing an optical detection method for electrochemical characterization lies in the ability to achieve lateral resolution in real-time. Electrochemical reactions can also be used to enhance the contrast in SPR images of thin layers of components with similar thicknesses and refractive indices.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Olof, 1978-
(författare)
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Imaging surface plasmon resonance
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The central theme of this thesis is the use of imaging Surface Plasmon Resonance (iSPR) as a tool in the characterization of surfaces with laterally varying properties. Within the scope of this work, an instrument for iSPR analysis was designed and built. SPR is a very sensitive technique for monitoring changes in optical properties in the immediate vicinity of a sensor surface, which is very useful in biosensing and surface science research. We have employed SPR in the Kretschmann configuration, wherein surface plasmons are excited by means of an evanescent field arising from total internal reflection from the backside of the sensor surface. In iSPR, the signal is the reflectivity of TM-polarized light which is measured using an imaging detector, typically a CCD camera. Advantages of this technique include extreme surface sensitivity and, because detection is done from the backside, compatibility with complex samples. In addition, SPR is a non-labeling technique, and in imaging mode, a lateral resolution in the µm range can be attained.The imaging SPR instrument could be operated in either wavelength interrogation mode or in intensity mode. In the former case, the objective is to find the SPR wave-length, λSPR, which is the wavelength at which the reflected intensity is at a minimum. In intensity mode, a snapshot of the intensity reflectance is taken at a fixed wavelength hand incidence angle.In biosensor science, the use of an imaging technique offers a major advantage by enabling parallelization and thereby increasing throughput. We have, for example, used iSPR in biochemical interaction analysis to monitor immobilization and specific binding to protein and synthetic polypeptide micro arrays. The primary interest has been the study of soft matter surfaces that possess properties interesting in the field of biomimetics or for applications in biosensing. Specifically, the surfaces studied in this thesis include patterned self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on gold, a graft polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel, a dextran hydrogel, and a polyelectrolyte charge gradient. Our results show that the PEG-based hydrogel is very well suited for use as a platform in protein immobilization in an array format, owing to the very low unspecific binding. In addition, well defined microarray templates were designed by patterning of hydrophobic barriers on dextran and monolayer surfaces. A polypeptide affinity microarray was further designed and immobilized on such a patterned monolayer substrate, in order to demonstrate the potential of analyte quantification with high sensitivity over a large dynamic range.Furthermore, iSPR was combined with electrochemistry to enable laterally resolved studies of electrochemical surface reactions. Using this combination, the electrochemical properties of surfaces patterned with self assembled monolayers can be studied in parallel, with a spatial resolution in the µm regime. We have also employed electrochemistry and iSPR for the investigation of potential and current density gradients on bipolar electrodes.The imaging SPR instrument could be operated in either wavelength interrogation mode or in intensity mode. In the former case, the objective is to find the SPR wave-length, λSPR, which is the wavelength at which the reflected intensity is at a minimum. In intensity mode, a snapshot of the intensity reflectance is taken at a fixed wavelength hand incidence angle.In biosensor science, the use of an imaging technique offers a major advantage by enabling parallelization and thereby increasing throughput. We have, for example, used iSPR in biochemical interaction analysis to monitor immobilization and specific binding to protein and synthetic polypeptide micro arrays. The primary interest has been the study of soft matter surfaces that possess properties interesting in the field of biomimetics or for applications in biosensing. Specifically, the surfaces studied in this thesis include patterned self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on gold, a graft polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel, a dextran hydrogel, and a polyelectrolyte charge gradient. Our results show that the PEG-based hydrogel is very well suited for use as a platform in protein immobilization in an array format, owing to the very low unspecific binding. In addition, well defined microarray templates were designed by patterning of hydrophobic barriers on dextran and monolayer surfaces. A polypeptide affinity microarray was further designed and immobilized on such a patterned monolayer substrate, in order to demonstrate the potential of analyte quantification with high sensitivity over a large dynamic range.Furthermore, iSPR was combined with electrochemistry to enable laterally resolved studies of electrochemical surface reactions. Using this combination, the electrochemical properties of surfaces patterned with self assembled monolayers can be studied in parallel, with a spatial resolution in the µm regime. We have also employed electrochemistry and iSPR for the investigation of potential and current density gradients on bipolar electrodes.
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| 8. |
- Borgh, Annika, 1975-
(författare)
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Biomimetic surfaces : Preparation, characterization and application
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna avhandling beskrivs tillverkning, karaktärisering och tillämpning av ett antal biomimetiska ytor. Biomimetik är att härma naturen och grundtanken är att titta på hur naturen löst liknande problemställningar. Två olika typer av modellsystem med inspiration från naturen har tagits fram för framtida tillämpningar inom bioanalys, biosensorer samt antifrysmaterial. Det ena typen av modellsystem innefattar fosforylerade ytor och det andra består av ytor som härmar antifrys(glyko)proteiner. Ytorna tillverkades av monolager av självorganiserande svavelorganiska molekyler och karaktäriserades före tillämpning med hjälp av ellipsometri, IR-spektroskopi, kontaktvinkelmätning och röntgenfotoelektronspektroskopi.Modellsystemen för att studera vattenfrysning på ytor inspirerades av antifrys(glyko)proteiner som bl.a. kan hittas i polarfiskar. Två modellsystem utvecklades och studerades med avseende på frysning av kondenserat vatten. Det ena designades att härma den aktiva domänen hos ett antifrysglykoproteiner (AFGP) och det andra härmade typ I antifrysproteiner (AFP I). Frysstudierna visade på signifi-kanta skillnader för AFGP-modellen jämfört med ett (OH/CH3) referenssystem med jämförbar vätbarhet, men inte för AFP Imodellen. Vattnet frös vid högre temperatur för AFGPmodellen.Modellsystemen med fosforylerade ytor inspirerades av fosforylering och biomineralisering. Två system utvecklades, ett med långa och ett med korta alkylkedjor på aminosyraanalogerna, både med och utan fosfatgrupp. En ny metod användes med skyddsgrupper på fosfaterna hos de långa analogerna innan bildandet av monolager. Skyddsgrupperna togs bort efter bildandet av monolager. Dessa monolager undersöktes också med elektrokemiska metoder och signifikant högre kapacitans observerades för de fosforylerade monolageren jämfört med de icke fosforylerade.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Gudjonsson, Sigurdur, et al.
(författare)
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Should All Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Receive Early Intravesical Chemotherapy after Transurethral Resection? The Results of a Prospective Randomised Multicentre Study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 55, s. 773-780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To decrease recurrences in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines recommend immediate, intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection (TUR) for all patients with Ta/T1 tumours. OBJECTIVE: To study the benefits of a single, early, intravesical instillation of epirubicin after TUR in patients with low- to intermediate-risk NMIBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this prospective randomised multicentre trial, 305 patients with primary as well as recurrent low- to intermediate-risk (Ta/T1, G1/G2) tumours were enrolled between 1997 and 2004. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 80mg of epirubicin in 50ml of saline intravesically within 24h of TUR or no further treatment after TUR. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end point was time to first recurrence. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 219 patients remained for analysis after exclusions. The median follow-up time was 3.9 yr. During the study period, 62% (63 of 102) of the patients in the epirubicin group and 77% (90 of 117) in the control group experienced recurrence (p=0.016). In a multivariate model, the hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence was 0.56 (p=0.002) for early instillation of epirubicin versus no treatment. In a subgroup analysis, the treatment had a profound recurrence-reducing effect on patients with primary, solitary tumours, whereas it provided no benefits in patients with recurrent or multiple tumours. Furthermore, patients with a modified European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk score of 0-2 with and without single instillation had recurrence rates of 41% and 69%, respectively (p=0.003), whereas the corresponding rates for those with a risk score of >/=3 were 81% and 85%, respectively (p=0.35). CONCLUSIONS: A single, early instillation of epirubicin after TUR for NMIBC reduces the likelihood of tumour recurrence; however, the benefit seems to be minimal in patients at intermediate or high risk of recurrence. Future trials will determine the value of early instillation in addition to serial instillations in NMIBC.
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