| 1. |
- Burns, Georgette Leah, et al.
(författare)
-
When the wildlife you watch becomes the food you eat : Exploring moral and ethical dilemmas when consumptive and non-consumptive tourism merge
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Animals, food, and tourism. - New York : Routledge. - 9781138291607 - 9781315265209 ; , s. 25-35
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of wildlife tourism, human experiences with other species are often divided into the binary categories of consumptive and non-consumptive interactions. What happens when the same person values a species, and interacts with it, in both categories? The aim of this chapter is to explore moral and ethical issues inherent in tourism experiences where tourists both watch and eat the same species. The work also seeks to contribute to filling an identified gap in the tourism literature concerning moral issues associated with the use of animals as food (Yudina & Fennell, 2013).Although the chapter is primarily a theoretical piece, two case studies examining whale watching and whale eating, and seal watching and seal eating, in Iceland are included. These provide practical examples of the decision-making dilemmas when consumptive and non-consumptive forms of wildlife tourism merge.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lilja Öqvist, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Seal watching : An investigation of codes of conduct
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Tourism in Marine Environments. - 1544-273X .- 2169-0197. ; 13:1, s. 1-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seal watching as a form of wildlife tourism is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Behavioral changes caused by the presence of tourists could lead to negative consequences for seal welfare and may affect reproduction and survival. Therefore, managing seal-watching activities to ensure future protection and conservation is important. Codes of conduct or guidelines for how to behave around animals are one way to regulate wildlife watching and are often easier and quicker to implement than laws. Codes explaining the consequences for wildlife if the code is not followed appeal to the moral obligation of tourists and thereby increase incentives to act appropriately. This study focused on analyzing the content of codes of conduct for seal watching. Codes of conduct (n = 33) accessible on the internet during the time of study were analyzed. Results show that in many areas where seal watching occurs there are no regulations or guidelines. The content and detail of the codes varied and the information was often insufficient to offer adequate protection of seals. Few of the codes were developed in cooperation with scientists or stated that the content was based on research. Further, a majority of the codes did not explain the consequences for wildlife if the code was not followed. More research on seals and the tourists watching them is needed to better understand the effects of tourism and how disturbance could be minimized. Meanwhile, developing an international code of conduct (with local additions) built on existing knowledge in the field could be one option to increase protection and ensure conservation of these animals. The results presented in this article could assist the development of such a code of conduct.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
-
Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
|
|
