| 1. |
- Dick, FD, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-environment interactions in parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease : The Geoparkinson study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 64:10, s. 673-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes with polymorphic genes that influence metabolism of either foreign chemical substances or dopamine and to seek evidence of gene-environment interaction effects that modify risk. Methods: A case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with PD) and 1989 controls across five European centres. Occupational hygienists estimated the average annual intensity of exposure to solvents, pesticides and metals, (iron, copper, manganese), blind to disease status. CYP2D6, PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTM3, GSTP1, NQO1, CYP1B1, MAO-A, MAO-B, SOD 2, EPHX, DATl, DRD2 and NAT2 were genotyped. Results were analysed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for key confounders. Results: There was a modest but significant association between MAO-A polymorphism in males and disease risk (G vs T, OR 1.30, 95% C1 1.02 to 1.66, adjusted). The majority of gene-environment analyses did not show significant interaction effects. There were possible interaction effects between GSTM1 null genotype and solvent exposure (which were stronger when limited to PD cases only). Conclusions: Many small studies have reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and PD. Fewer have examined gene-environment interactions. This large study was sufficiently powered to examine these aspects. GSTM1 null subjects heavily exposed to solvents appear to be at increased risk of PD. There was insufficient evidence that the other gene-environment combinations investigated modified disease risk, suggesting they contribute little to the burden of PD.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Murmann, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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To Be, or Not to Be Notified : Eliciting Privacy Notification Preferences for Online mHealth Services
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Millions of people are tracking and quantifying their fitness and health, and entrust online mobile health (mhealth) services with storing and processing their sensitive personal data. Ex post transparency-enhancing tools (TETs) enable users to keep track of how their personal data are processed, and represent important building blocks to understand privacy implications and control one’s online privacy. Particularly, privacy notifications provide users of TETs with the insight necessary to make informed decision about controlling their personal data that they have disclosed previously. To investigate the notification preferences of users of online mhealth services, we conducted an online study. We analysed how notification scenarios can be grouped contextually, and how user preferences with respect to being notified relate to intervenability. Moreover, we examined to what extent ex post notification preferences correlate with privacy personas established in the context of trust in and reliability of online data services. Based on our findings, we discuss the implications for the design of usable ex post TETs.
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| 7. |
- Roswall, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Overweight at four years of age in a Swedish birth cohort: influence of neighbourhood-level purchasing power
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A number of child/parental factors have been shown to be significant predictors of childhood overweight, although a better understanding of possible contextual influences of neighbourhood-level characteristics might provide new insights leading to tailored, targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of neighbourhood purchasing power and its relationship with other known risk factors related to childhood overweight in a prospective birth cohort. METHODS: A prospective, population-based, birth-cohort study was conducted in south-western Sweden, comprising 2,666 infants born in 2007-2008. Childhood overweight was assessed by body mass index (BMI) data from follow-up examinations at four years of age (n=2,026) and overweight defined according to the International Obesity Task Force. Using logistic regression analysis, the influential child/parental predictors were identified from the candidate predictors, viz. child's gender, as well as birth weight adjusted for gestational age and parental factors at recruitment, including maternal smoking status, maternal BMI (before pregnancy), paternal BMI and parental educational level. The children's residential parishes at follow-up were stratified by parish-level household purchasing power (<10 %, 10-19.9 %, 20-29.9 % and ≥30 % of all resident families with low purchasing power) and the "contextual" influence was analysed. In each such neighbourhood stratum, the adjusted overweight ratio (AOR), i.e. the ratio between the observed number of overweight children and the expected number, taking account of the influential child/parental predictors, was estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight at four years of age was 11.9 %. In the economically strongest neighbourhoods (i.e. <10 % of resident families with low purchasing power), the AOR was 0.60 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.98). The corresponding empirically Bayes-adjusted AOR was 0.73 (95 % CI: 0.46-1.02; 97 % posterior probability of AOR<1). In the other neighbourhood strata, the statistical evidence of a deviant AOR was weaker. CONCLUSION: The economically strongest neighbourhoods had a lower prevalence than expected of overweight at four years of age. This finding should prompt studies to acquire more knowledge of potentially modifiable factors that differ between neighbourhoods and are related to childhood overweight, providing a basis for tailored, targeted interventions.
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| 8. |
- Bratulic, Sinisa, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The Translational Status of Cancer Liquid Biopsies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2364-4133 .- 2364-4141. ; 7:3, s. 312-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. This can be achieved by leveraging omics information for accurate molecular characterization of tumors. Tumor tissue biopsies are currently the main source of information for molecular profiling. However, biopsies are invasive and limited in resolving spatiotemporal heterogeneity in tumor tissues. Alternative non-invasive liquid biopsies can exploit patient’s body fluids to access multiple layers of tumor-specific biological information (genomes, epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, circulating tumor cells, and exosomes). Analysis and integration of these large and diverse datasets using statistical and machine learning approaches can yield important insights into tumor biology and lead to discovery of new diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers. Translation of these new diagnostic tools into standard clinical practice could transform oncology, as demonstrated by a number of liquid biopsy assays already entering clinical use. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of cancer biomarker research. Lay Summary: Precision oncology aims to tailor clinical decisions specifically to patients with the objective of improving treatment outcomes. The discovery of biomarkers for precision oncology has been accelerated by high-throughput experimental and computational methods, which can inform fine-grained characterization of tumors for clinical decision-making. Moreover, advances in the liquid biopsy field allow non-invasive sampling of patient’s body fluids with the aim of analyzing circulating biomarkers, obviating the need for invasive tumor tissue biopsies. In this review, we highlight successes and challenges facing the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy cancer biomarker research.
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| 9. |
- Fornäs, Johan, 1952-
(författare)
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Ungdomar som kulturinnovatörer
- 1995
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Ingår i: Framtider / Institutet för framtidsstudier. - 0281-0492. ; :4, s. 14-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Kasperowski, Dick, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Observations as Legal Obligations: (Dis)Associations and Representation at the Swedish Land and Environment Court of Appeal
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science, Technology & Human Values. - 0162-2439 .- 1552-8251.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing international trend in environmental activism to use legal institutions and infrastructures for citizen science (CS) to affect policy and regulation. However, knowledge about observations produced in activist CS and their functions at courts is scarce. To address this, we analyze how citizen observations (COs) reported to an established infrastructure for CS assist in producing legal obligations. Sweden provides an exemplary case due to the integration between CS biodiversity infrastructures, environmental regulation, and the increasing number of legal environmental conflicts. Data was gathered from documentation of legal cases argued in front of the Land and Environment Court of Appeal (LECA) from 2012 to 2020, and interviews with civil servants at Swedish environmental public authorities. Through a qualitative analysis, we find several ways that COs get associated to legal obligations, including through civil servants’ decisions, species spatial-temporality, comparisons between different CS reporting systems, the negotiation of species status on red lists, and interpretations of species behavior. We relate our findings to a broader discussion on what forms of representation matter in environmental regulation and who and what can speak for species and entities making up the world.
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