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- Choularton, T. W., et al.
(författare)
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The Great Dun Fell Cloud Experiment 1993 : An overview
- 1997
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 31:16, s. 2393-2405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1993 Ground-based Cloud Experiment on Great Dun Fell used a wide range of measurements of trace gases, aerosol particles and cloud droplets at five sites to study their sources and sinks especially those in cloud. These measurements have been interpreted using a variety of models. The conclusions add to our knowledge of air pollution, acidification of the atmosphere and the ground, eutrophication and climate change. The experiment is designed to use the hill cap cloud as a flow-through reactor, and was conducted in varying levels of pollution typical of much of the rural temperate continental northern hemisphere in spring-time.
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- Andren, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of body composition on left ventricular mass and other echocardiographic and Doppler measurements in 70-year-old males
- 1995
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 0144-5979 .- 1365-2281. ; 15:5, s. 425-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart morphology and function are often related to body size. The most common way to standardize for body composition is to divide these measures by body surface area (BSA). It has, however, been suggested that left ventricular mass (LV mass) ought to be indexed for height and that cardiac output is influenced by the body fat distribution.As part of a health screening programme of 70-year-old males in Uppsala, Sweden, 100 consecutive men were investigated with echocardiography and Doppler with regard to cardiac morphology and function. These measures were related to an evaluation of body composition using an X-ray method (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry).Lean body mass was strongly related to BSA and body weight (r=0.90 and 0.89, respectively; P<0.001), and to a lesser degree to height (r=0.70, P<0.0001). In the healthy part of the population (n=39), relationships between LV mass on the one hand and lean body mass, BSA and height on the other were seen (r=0.51, 0.51 and 0.50, respectively; P<0.01). Stroke volume calculated according to Teichholtz (but not when calculated with Doppler) showed a significant correlation to lean body mass (r=0.38, P<0.05). Also, left ventricular diameter and the thickness of the free wall were related to lean body mass (r=0.40 and 0.39, respectively; P<0.05). All of the evaluated relationships were generally weaker and in most cases no longer significant when evaluated in the part of the population with diseases known to affect the heart.No significant correlations were seen between the size of the left atrium, septal thickness or indices of diastolic function (E/A-ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, deceleration time) and the indices of body composition. No measures of cardiac morphology and function were significantly related to the amount of body fat or body bone.LV mass, stroke volume and left ventricular diameter were found to be correlated with lean body mass, but not with the amount of fat, in healthy 70-year-old males.
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- Griffiths, G, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the glycosyltransferase enzyme from the Escherichia coli K5 capsule gene cluster and identification and characterization of the glucuronyl active site.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 273:19, s. 11752-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial capsular polysaccharides play an important role in virulence and survival. The Escherichia coli K5 capsule consists of a repeat structure of -4)GlcA-beta(1,4)-GlcNAc alpha(1-, identical to N-acetylheparosan. A 60-kDa protein, KfiC, has been identified as a bifunctional glycosyltransferase, responsible for the alternating alpha and beta addition of each UDP-sugar to the nonreducing end of the polysaccharide chain. Using hydrophobic cluster analysis, a conserved secondary structure motif characteristic of beta-glycosyltransferases was identified along with two highly conserved aspartic acid residues at positions 301 and 352 within the KfiC protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify catalytically active amino acids within domain A of the KfiC protein. The conserved aspartic acid residues at 301 and 352 were shown to be critical for the beta addition of UDP-GlcA (uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid) to defined nonreducing end oligosaccharide acceptors, suggesting that these conserved aspartic acid residues are catalytically important for beta-glycosyltransferase activity. A deleted derivative of the kfiC gene was generated, which encoded for a truncated KfiC (kfiC') protein. This protein lacked 139 amino acids at the C terminus. This enzyme had no UDP-GlcA transferase activity but still retained UDP-GlcNAc transferase activity, indicating that two separate active sites are present within the KfiC protein.
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