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- Garpe, Kajsa C., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of the 1998 coral bleaching event on reef fish assemblages
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology Progress Series. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0171-8630 .- 1616-1599. ; 315, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coral bleaching events constitute compound disturbances often resulting in coral death as well as successive degradation of the reef framework. The 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was the most severe on record and affected coral reefs worldwide. The present study examined the response of fish assemblages in plots of transplanted coral before and after the 1998 bleaching. Multidimensional scaling ordinations (MDS) demonstrate significant changes in assemblage composition related to habitat alteration. Within-site variability increased with disturbance, the increase being most apparent following substrate erosion. The differences in long-term responses as opposed to short-term responses were striking. Six mo after coral death, total abundance as well as taxonomic richness had increased at one of the sites, but not the other, whereas 6 yr later, both measures had decreased significantly at both sites. Functional groups, with documented affiliations with coral, were significantly influenced by the habitat alteration. Herbivore abundance increased as an immediate response to bleaching, but was subsequently decimated in eroded habitat. The loss of structural complexity had major detrimental effects on the entire fish community. In conclusion, we present evidence of severe and long-lasting secondary impacts of a catastrophic bleaching event, with no apparent recovery. The discrepancies between short-term and long-term responses underline the importance of long-term monitoring of fish assemblages following habitat alteration.
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| 3. |
- Hansson, Kenny, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Whole blood coagulation on protein adsorption-resistant PEG and peptide functionalised PEG-coated titanium surfaces.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 26:8, s. 861-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whole blood coagulation on low blood plasma protein adsorbing surfaces. For this purpose, the polycationic graft copolymer poly(L-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG), PLL-g-PEG grafted with a cell adhesive peptide containing the amino acid sequence -Arg-Gly-Asp- (RGD), and PLL-g-PEG with a control peptide -Arg-Asp-Gly- (RDG) were adsorbed onto titanium (oxide), forming stable monomolecular adlayers through electrostatic attraction. Free oscillation rheometry and complementary techniques were used to measure the coagulation time (CT) and other interactions of the surfaces with native whole blood, recalcified platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and recalcified citrated platelet-free plasma (PFP). The results show that the uncoated titanium surfaces (reference) activated platelets and quickly triggered the coagulation cascade via the intrinsic pathway, whereas the PLL-g-PEG surfaces displayed a prolonged CT, approximately 2-3 times longer compared to uncoated titanium. We hypothesise that blood coagulates outside the vascular system independent of low protein adsorption to or activation by surfaces, due to the absence of an active down-regulation of procoagulative processes by the vascular endothelium.
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- Leijon, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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On the Physics and Economics of Renewable Electric Energy Sources : part I Utilization
- 2008
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, HIGH VOLTAGES, ELECTRIC MACHINES. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC. - 9789604740260 ; , s. 227-232
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasingly, environmental concerns have led to the installation of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) despite the fact that they are recognized as expensive. Innovative efforts within the area are beset by difficulties [1] Grubb 1994, where improvements in cost effectiveness of total energy conversion systems are often insignificant and misdirected. We have investigated how RETs can be evaluated, in terms of economy and engineering solutions, by studying the fundamental physics of renewable energy sources and how it matches with the RETs. This match is described by the "Degree of Utilization". The findings indicate that new innovations should focus on possible full loading hours, since RETs that are correctly matched to their energy source generate a higher amount of electric energy and become more competitive. In cases where this aspect has been ignored, leading to relatively small degrees of utilization, it can be understood as an engineering mismatch between installed power, converted energy, and the fundamental physics of the renewable energy sources. Since there is a strong and possibly biased support for so-called mature RETs and already existing solutions, a clarification of how fundamental physical laws affect the cost of investment and payback of investment is needed. The present paper is part I out of 11 and if focuses on the difference between power and energy and the physics of different energy sources and their utilization.
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| 6. |
- Lindahl, Marcus
(författare)
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Being in Technology
- 2009
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Ingår i: Feelings and Business. - Stockholm : Santerus. - 9789173350143 ; , s. 201-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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