| 1. |
- Adermon, Adrian, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynastic Human Capital, Inequality, and Intergenerational Mobility
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Economic Review. - : American Economic Association. - 0002-8282 .- 1944-7981. ; 111:5, s. 1523-1548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate long-run intergenerational persistence in human capital using information on outcomes for the extended family: the dynasty. A dataset including the entire Swedish population, linking four generations, allows us to identify parents' siblings and cousins, their spouses, and spouses' siblings. Using various human capital measures, we show that traditional parent-child estimates underestimate long-run intergenerational persistence by at least one-third. By adding outcomes for more distant ancestors, we show that almost all of the persistence is captured by the parental generation. Data on adoptees show that at least one-third of -long-term persistence is attributed to environmental factors.
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| 2. |
- Alem, Yonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks
- 2023
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Ingår i: Experimental Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-4157 .- 1573-6938. ; 26, s. 223-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study distributional preferences in adolescent peer networks. Using incentivized choices between allocations for themselves and a passive agent, children are classified into efficiency-loving, inequality-loving, inequality-averse, and spiteful types. We find that pairs of students who report a friendship link are more likely to exhibit the same preference type than other students who attend the same school. The relation between types is almost completely driven by inequality-loving and spiteful types. The role of peer networks in explaining distributional preferences goes beyond network composition effects. A low rank in academic performance and a central position within the network relate positively to a higher likelihood of being classified as spiteful. Hence, social hierarchies seem to be correlated with distributional preference types.
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| 3. |
- Apelgren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Vascularization of tissue engineered cartilage-Sequential in vivo MRI display functional blood circulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishing functional circulation in bioengineered tissue after implantation is vital for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. Native cartilage is avascular and thrives on diffusion, which in turn depends on proximity to circulation. Here, we investigate whether a gridded three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted construct would allow ingrowth of blood vessels and thus prove a functional concept for vascularization of bioengineered tissue. Twenty 10 x 10 x 3-mm 3Dbioprinted nanocellulose constructs containing human nasal chondrocytes or cell-free controls were subcutaneously implanted in 20 nude mice. Over the next 3 months, the mice were sequentially imaged with a 7 T small-animal MRI system, and the diffusion and perfusion parameters were analyzed. The chondrocytes survived and proliferated, and the shape of the constructs was well preserved. The diffusion coefficient was high and well preserved over time. The perfusion and diffusion patterns shown by MRI suggested that blood vessels develop over time in the 3D bioprinted constructs; the vessels were confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry. We conclude that 3D bioprinted tissue with a gridded structure allows ingrowth of blood vessels and has the potential to be vascularized from the host. This is an essential step to take bioengineered tissue from the bench to clinical practice.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Birkie, Seyoum Eshetu, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic Green Design in Production Equipment Investments : Conceptual Development and Outlook
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Production Management Systems. Production Management Systems for Responsible Manufacturing, Service, and Logistics Futures - IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2023, Proceedings. - : Springer Nature. - 9783031436871 - 9783031436888 ; 692 AICT, s. 174-188
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the concept of green design in the context of production, focusing on investment projects for production equipment design and acquisition by a manufacturing firm. Research towards making manufacturing and production related activities more sustainable is increasing. In the manufacturing sector, environmental sustainability tends to be more commonly approached from the operations perspective. However, the decisions taken in the design phase of the production equipment significantly impact the operations phase. Therefore, proactive design approaches for sustainability applied in product design settings could be transferred to the design of the production equipment to build in green aspects from the outset. This study explores the research questions of what green production equipment design entails and how the concept of green design has evolved in the context of production. Overall, this conceptual paper highlights the importance of incorporating green design principles from the outset of the production design. Transferable methodological issues are also explored for further detailed investigation in the production equipment design context. Strong collaboration between equipment suppliers and the buying manufacturer that aims to integrate sustainability as part of requirements is proposed as an enabler for the way forward. The paper also provides insights into the evolution of the concept in this context for possible future research.
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| 6. |
- Björkegren, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Pre- and Post-Birth Components of Intergenerational Persistence in Health and Longevity: Lessons from a Large Sample of Adoptees
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Journal of human resources. - 0022-166X .- 1548-8004. ; 57:1, s. 112-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use a large sample of Swedish-born adoptees and their biological and adopting parents to decompose the persistence in health inequality across generations into pre-birth and post-birth components. We use three sets of measures for health outcomes in the second generation: mortality, measures based on data on hospitalization and, finally, measures using birth outcomes for the third generation. The results show that all of the persistence in mortality is transmitted solely via pre-birth factors, while the results for the hospitalization measures suggest that at least three quarters of the intergenerational persistence in health is attributable to the biological parents.
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| 7. |
- Castaño Soler, Carles, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized metabarcoding with Pacific biosciences enables semi-quantitative analysis of fungal communities
- 2020
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 228, s. 1149-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have questioned the use of high-throughput sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to derive a semi-quantitative representation of fungal community composition. However, comprehensive studies that quantify biases occurring during PCR and sequencing of ITS amplicons are still lacking. We used artificially assembled communities consisting of 10 ITS-like fragments of varying lengths and guanine-cytosine (GC) contents to evaluate and quantify biases during PCR and sequencing with Illumina MiSeq, PacBio RS II and PacBio Sequel I technologies. Fragment length variation was the main source of bias in observed community composition relative to the template, with longer fragments generally being under-represented for all sequencing platforms. This bias was three times higher for Illumina MiSeq than for PacBio RS II and Sequel I. All 10 fragments in the artificial community were recovered when sequenced with PacBio technologies, whereas the three longest fragments (> 447 bases) were lost when sequenced with Illumina MiSeq. Fragment length bias also increased linearly with increasing number of PCR cycles but could be mitigated by optimization of the PCR setup. No significant biases related to GC content were observed. Despite lower sequencing output, PacBio sequencing was better able to reflect the community composition of the template than Illumina MiSeq sequencing.
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| 8. |
- Clemmensen, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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Sample preparation for fungal community analysis by high-throughput sequencing of barcode amplicons
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbial Environmental Genomics (MEG) ; second edition. - New York, NY : Springer US. - 9781071628706 ; :2605, s. 37-64
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal species participate in vast numbers of processes in the landscape around us. However, their cryptic mycelial growth, inside various substrates and in highly diverse species assemblages, has been a major obstacle to thorough analysis of fungal communities, hampering exhaustive description of the fungal kingdom. Technological developments allowing rapid, high-throughput sequencing of mixed communities from many samples at once are currently having a tremendous impact in fungal community ecology. Universal DNA extraction followed by amplification and sequencing of fungal species-level barcodes such as the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region now enables identification and relative quantification of fungal community members across well-replicated experimental settings. Here, we present the sample preparation procedure presently used in our laboratory for fungal community analysis by high-throughput sequencing of amplified ITS2 markers. We focus on the procedure optimized for studies of total fungal communities in humus-rich soils, wood, and litter. However, this procedure can be applied to other sample types and markers. We focus on the laboratory-based part of sample preparation, i.e., the procedure from the point where samples enter the laboratory until amplicons are submitted for sequencing. Our procedure comprises four main parts: (1) universal DNA extraction, (2) optimization of PCR conditions, (3) production of tagged ITS amplicons, and (4) preparation of the multiplexed amplicon pool to be sequenced. The presented procedure is independent of the specific highthroughput sequencing technology used, which makes it highly versatile.
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| 9. |
- Engelbrecht Clemmensen, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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A tipping point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 24, s. 1193-1204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tundra ecosystems are global belowground sinks for atmospheric CO2. Ongoing warming-induced encroachment by shrubs and trees risks turning this sink into a CO2 source, resulting in a positive feedback on climate warming. To advance mechanistic understanding of how shifts in mycorrhizal types affect long-term carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, we studied small-scale soil depth profiles of fungal communities and C-N dynamics across a subarctic-alpine forest-heath vegetation gradient. Belowground organic stocks decreased abruptly at the transition from heath to forest, linked to the presence of certain tree-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to decomposition when mining N from organic matter. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi were associated with organic matter accumulation and slow decomposition. If climatic controls on arctic-alpine forest lines are relaxed, increased decomposition will likely outbalance increased plant productivity, decreasing the overall C sink capacity of displaced tundra.
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| 10. |
- Lif, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Information Elements in a Cyber Incident Report
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 5th IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops, Euro S and PW 2020. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. ; , s. 17-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analyst's main task within cyber security is to monitor, analyze, and decide on appropriate remedies for detected attacks. Analysts should ideally produce incident reports for record keeping and traceability, but also for enabling information sharing. This paper investigates which information elements that need to be included in an incident report to support incident management in a time-critical and high mental workload situation. Background information on existing reporting templates were drawn from the literature. Five different templates, a data exchange format, as well as two cyber situational awareness frameworks were analyzed. Then a novel reporting template from the military domain was scrutinized during a live cyber defense exercise. The results show that the information elements in the various existing templates differ, probably due to the different areas of use. The proposed military template was found to be useful to a high degree, even for incident reporting in the civilian sector. The new template can be improved by introducing additional fields, such as, e.g. descriptions of victims, attackers and assessments of attackers' motives.
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