| 1. |
- Crepin, Anne-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Grazing Games
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Grasslands used for domestic livestock are often the common property of several owners and are typically characterized by complex ecosystem dynamics. When grass is taken as a fixed production factor we verify the standard result that non-cooperative farmers keep higher stock of cattle and have higher grazing pressure than cooperative farmers. However, when we account for grassland dynamics the picture becomes more complex and the conventional result may not necessarily hold.
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| 2. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Bargaining over a Common Good with Private Information
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 1467-9442 .- 0347-0520. ; 111:3, s. 547-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consider two agents who make sequential claims on a common good, receiving their respective claims only if these are compatible. We let the first mover be privately informed about the size of the good. Conventional theory predicts multiple equilibria, and the intuitive criterion predicts that the first player claims the entire good. Our experimental results reject the intuitive criterion. Private information reduces the claim and the profit of the first mover. However, we cannot reject that the subjects play according to a perfect Bayesian equilibrium (PBE). Most subjects play according to a PBE, and almost all successful coordination occurs at the even split.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Therese
(författare)
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Ignorant Exploitation of a Common Resource
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper considers a common pool resource of uncertain size. Resource users differ with respect to the quality of their information. We show that the ignorant agent can take advantage of her lack of knowledge at the expense of the knowledgeable agent. Knowledge advantage becomes a strategic disadvantage. Moreover, the more agents differ with respect to knowledge, the smaller is the probability of resource collapse and the less likely are coordination problems.
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| 4. |
- Lindahl, Therese
(författare)
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Strategic and environmental uncertainty in social dilemmas
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social dilemmas constitute a broad class of quandaries, including, for example, common pool resource (CPR) dilemmas and public good (PG) dilemmas. CPR's are characterized by non-excludability and rivalry and are often associated with overexploitation. Through similar arguments, the features non-excludability and non-rivalry give rise to under-provision of PG's. The prevalence and inefficiencies often associated with CPR's have given rise to an extensive literature and the role of resource uncertainty has not been ignored. Uncertainty combined with rivalry is often said to augment users' incentive to overexploit. However, underlying most of the theoretical research is an explicit or implicit assumption of symmetric information, or a symmetric lack of information. In reality, people generally have access to different sources of information and they may differ in their abilities to process information. In the first two papers of this thesis, the assumption of symmetry is relaxed and both papers demonstrate that from a welfare perspective, the distribution of uncertainty is also of importance. Many CPR's and PG's are natural, which can complicate the situation. In the traditional resource management literature, the exploited resource is often assumed to be properly characterized by some concave growth function. Today, there is extensive empirical evidence suggesting that many ecosystems have more complex, often non-linear dynamics. Management of such resources can be quite challenging as the non-linear dynamics can make the ecosystem flip between alternate stable states, and even marginal changes can cause radical transformations of such ecosystems. Most of the CPR models assume the shared resource to be of fixed size or to be able to generate a constant flow of services. In the third paper we aim at providing a more complete picture of the overexploitation of a common resource, by combining the institutional structure with complex ecological dynamics. We manage to raise questions and doubts about the standard assumptions. Another feature of convex-concave resources is that a state can become highly robust and sometimes an ecosystem change may even be irreversible. This is problematic if, for example, we wish to restore a degraded ecosystem. The aim of the fourth paper is to empirically analyze this question, by eliciting peoples' preferences through a hypothetical referendum on the issue.
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| 5. |
- Lindahl, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Who Wants to Save the Baltic Sea?
- 2005
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research shows that the Baltic Sea has experienced an ecosystem change and is now in a degraded state. Moreover, it is uncertain whether this deterioration is reversible. We use the referendum approach asking people to vote on a hypothetical abatement program with the purpose of improving the marine water quality of the Baltic Sea where the program is only successful with a certain probability. Our mixed results could have important policy implications as the answer to the question depends very much on how we ask.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Ulrika Nilsson, et al.
(författare)
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SPE and HPLC/UV of resin acids in colophonium-containing products.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of separation science. - Weinheim, Fed. Rep. of Germany : Wiley. - 1615-9314 .- 1615-9306. ; 31:15, s. 2784-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method, involving SPE and HPLC/UV diode-array detection (DAD), was developed for the quantification of colophonium components in different consumer products, such as cosmetics. Colophonium is a common cause of contact dermatitis since its components can oxidize into allergens on exposure to air. Three different resin acids were used as markers for native and oxidized colophonium, abietic acid (AbA), dehydroabietic acid (DeA), and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (7-O-DeA). The SPE method, utilizing a mixed-mode hydrophobic and anion exchange retention mechanism, was shown to yield very clean extracts. The use of a urea-embedded C(12) HPLC stationary phase improved the separation of the resin acids compared to common C(18). Concentrations higher than 2 mg/g of both AbA and DeA were detected in wax strips. In this product also 7-O-DeA, a marker for oxidized colophonium, was detected at a level of 28 microg/g. The LODs were in the range of 7-19 microg/g and the LOQs 22-56 microg/g. The method is simple to use and can be applied on many types of technical products, not only cosmetics. For the first time, a method for technical products was developed, which separates AbA from pimaric acid.
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| 7. |
- Stenlund, Therese, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitively Oriented Behavioral Rehabilitation in Combination with Qigong for Patients on Long-Term Sick Leave Because of Burnout : REST-A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:3, s. 294-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite an increase in the occurrence of burnout, there is no agreement on what kind of rehabilitation these patients should be offered. Primary aim of this study was to evaluate effects on psychological variables and sick leave rates by two different group rehabilitation programs for patients on long-term sick leave because of burnout. Rehabilitation program A (Cognitively oriented Behavioral Rehabilitation (CBR) and Qigong) was compared with rehabilitation program B (Qigong only). In a randomized clinical trial, 96 women and 40 men with a mean age of 41.6 +/- 7.4 years were allocated to one of the two rehabilitation programs. A per-protocol analysis showed no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the groups. Both groups improved significantly over time with reduced levels of burnout, self-rated stress behavior, fatigue, depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and sick leave rates. In an intention-to-treat analysis, patients in program A had fewer obsessive-compulsive symptoms and larger effect sizes in self-rated stress behavior and obsessive-compulsive symptoms compared to patients in program B. This study showed no differences in effect between CBR and Qigong compared with Qigong only in a per-protocol analysis. Both rehabilitation programs showed positive effect for patients with burnout.
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| 8. |
- Stenlund, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of qigong in patients with burnout : a randomized controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 41:9, s. 761-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Qigong in rehabilitation for patients with burnout. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Eighty-two patients (68 women and 14 men, mean age 44.3 (standard deviation 9.1) years) diagnosed with burnout.METHODS: Basic care was offered to both the intervention and the control group. Patients in the intervention group received basic care and, in addition, performed Qigong twice a week for 12 weeks. Psychological variables, health-related quality of life, perceived relaxation and physical measurements were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period.RESULTS: No significant difference in treatment efficacy between the groups was found by either intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Both groups improved significantly over time, with reduced levels of burnout, fatigue, anxiety and depression, and increased dynamic balance and physical capacity. CONCLUSION: In this study, a Qigong intervention twice a week for 12 weeks had no additional effect beyond basic care for patients with burnout.
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| 9. |
- Stenlund, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with burnout in relation to gender and a general population
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 35:5, s. 516-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe gender differences in patients with burnout and compare these patients with a general population with respect to physical, psychosocial and work variables. METHODS: Data were collected from a total of 136 patients (96 women and 40 men, 41.6 +/- 7.4 years), diagnosed with stress-related disease and burnout at the Stress Clinic, University Hospital of Umeå. Data on burnout, physical, psychosocial and work characteristics were compared with similar data from a geographical and age-matched population based survey, the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA study. The survey sample included a total of 573 participants (283 women and 290 men, 40.7 +/- 8.5 years). RESULTS: Women with burnout reported a higher rate of impaired awakening, lower job control, greater proportion of unpaid work and worked to a greater extent "with people" compared to men. Men with burnout had a more restricted social network and reported working more overtime than women. Patients with burnout reported a higher rate of unemployment, a more restricted social network and higher work demands compared to a general population. Women with burnout reported less emotional support, a more sedentary work situation, high job strain and worked to a greater extent "with people" than women from the general population. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences in working conditions and social network between women and men with burnout. Patients with burnout differ from a general population regarding individual and social factors as well as work-related factors.
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| 10. |
- Stenlund, Therese, 1970-
(författare)
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Rehabilitation for patients with burnout
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stress-related diseases and burnout have increased in Sweden during the last decades. In 2006, the most common diagnoses for new cases of sickness compensation were mental and behavioural disorders in both women and men. In spite of the large group of people seeking care for and on long-term sickness absence due to stress-related diseases and burnout, there is no agreement on which treatment they should be offered. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe patients on longterm sick leave because of burnout and to evaluate rehabilitation programs for this patient group. Two patient samples were recruited from the Stress Clinic at the University Hospital in Umeå, Sweden: REST (Rehabilitation for stressrelated disease and burnout; n=136) and QIST (Qigong for stress-related disease and burnout; n=82). A general population sample was from the 2004 Northern Sweden MONICA survey (n=573). Patients in REST were randomised into a 1-year rehabilitation program to either program A (Cognitively-oriented Behavioural Rehabilitation (CBR) and Qigong), or to program B (Qigong alone). In Paper I, baseline data were compared with data from the MONICA sample. In paper II, programs A and B were compared regarding effects on psychological variables and sick leave rates, and in Paper III, 18 patients from program A and B were interviewed to explore subjective experiences of the rehabilitation programs. Patients in QIST were allocated to an intervention with Qigong twice a week for 12 weeks or a control group. Psychological and physical measurements were assessed in QIST. Data were collected by questionnaires, physical measurements, the register on sick leave, and interviews. Patients with burnout reported a more restricted social network and higher work demands than the general population. In relation to women from a general population, women with burnout more often worked “with people”, reported high job strain, a more sedentary work situation and less emotional support. A per-protocol analysis showed no significant differences in treatment effect between program A and B in REST or between the intervention and control group in QIST. All groups improved significantly over time with reduced levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. In REST, lower scores on obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stress behaviour, and sick leave rates were found in both programs and in QIST both groups increased dynamic balance and physical capacity. In an intention-to-treat analysis, patients in program A in REST had significantly fewer obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and larger effect sizes in stress behaviour and obsessive-compulsive symptoms compared to patients in program B. Patients in both REST programs perceived that the 1-year rehabilitation program gave them specific tools to use in secondary prevention. They also emphasised that the good encounters, affirmation and group cohesiveness they perceived during the 8 rehabilitation was a necessary basis for initiation of a behavioural change leading to recovery. In conclusion, compared to a general population, patients with burnout perceived more demands at work and less social support. Lack of emotional support seemed to be more associated with burnout among women. There were no differences in effect between CBR and Qigong compared to Qigong alone, or between a 12 week Qigong intervention compared to a control condition. Improvements were found in all groups in the rehabilitation programs. CBR combined with Qigong have some advantages compared to Qigong alone. An environment with good encounters and affirmation of the patients was experiences as important by the patients and group rehabilitation had advantages as recognition and support from the group. Early rehabilitation measures are important to prevent long-term sickness absence. In future rehabilitation programs it might be necessary to have a more individualized approach and choose treatments preferred by the patient.
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