| 1. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Dangerous use of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving : A toolbox of counter-measures
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference Road Safety on Four Continents. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of mobile phone and similar devices while driving has been a topic of discussion and research for several years. It is now an established fact that driving performance is deteriorated due to distraction but no clear conclusions can yet be drawn concerning influence on crash rates. Better studies on this relationship is needed. Most countries in Europe and many countries elsewhere have introduced different types of bans for handheld devices. Sweden has, however, no such bans. VTI was commissioned by the Swedish Government to outline possible means to reduce the dangerous usage of mobile phones and other communication devices while driving as alternatives to banning. This task was a result of a previous VTI-state-of-the-art review of research on mobile phone and other communication device usage while driving. One of the findings in the review was that bans on handheld phones did not appear to reduce the number of crashes.Eighteen different countermeasures in three main areas were suggested. (1) Technical solutions such as countermeasures directed towards the infrastructure, the vehicle and the communication device. (2) Education and information, describing different ways to increase knowledge and understanding among stakeholders and different driver categories. (3) Different possibilities for how society, industry and organisations can influence the behaviour of individuals, via policies, rules, recommendations and incentives. Our conclusion is that a combination of different countermeasures is needed – where education and information to the drivers are combined with support and incentives for a safe usage of different communication devices.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Elisabeth Gräslund, et al.
(författare)
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Praktiker som gör skillnad : Om den verb-inriktade metoden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 133:3, s. 335-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the so-called verb-oriented method and its role in the research project Gender and Work in early modern Sweden (GaW), which is based at Uppsala University. It provides a presentation of the GaW-database, which has been designed to allow analysis according to the verb-method. Finally, the article points out that this method can be combined with a number of different theoretical approaches as long as the focus is on practices. It is therefore compatible with the approaches of e.g., Judith Butler, Michel de Certeau, and Amartya Sen. Work is defined as "time-use with the purpose of making a living" and the article discusses why data on time-use, or actual work activities, are better suited for research into early modern Swedish working life than other types of data. It shows that activities are usually described in the sources by verb-phrases, and explains how and from what sources verb-phrases are collected and analyzed within the project. In order to allow for generalizations the verb-method presupposes large amounts of data. This is the rationale for the GaW-database, which at present includes around 5000 verb-phrases and 75000 data posts.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Hand Function in 45 Patients with Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy International. - : Wiley. - 0966-7903. ; 19:2, s. 108-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore hand function in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) using the Sollerman Hand function test, finger range of motion, hand- and pinch strength, and fine motor ability as well as subjective estimate of hand- and grip function. Forty-five outpatients with definite sIBM were investigated using handgrip-, lateral-, and pinch strength, active finger range of motion (AROM), fine motor ability with Purdue Pegboard test, Sollerman Hand function test, and patients' estimated hand- and grip function. The association between these variables were assessed using correlation statistics. A second test occasion was performed in 16 patients in order to investigate the intra-rater reliability. We found that the reduction of hand- and pinch strength was more pronounced (37% right, 31% left hand) than lateral strength (50%) in relation to normal values. AROM was impaired in 25 (56%) in the right and 29 (64%) in the left hand. Fine motor ability was fairly well preserved; mean right/ left 70 and 60% of normal. AROM deficit was found to be present in 50% of patients 7 years after perceived hand weakness. This is important since it was found to impair the usefulness of the different strength measures, while limitations due to AROM deficit were not found regarding the Sollerman and to a lesser extent the Purdue Pegboard tests. Results of the test-retest showed very good reliability. Our results indicate that impairment of hand function is frequent and severe in sIBM patients. Reduction in AROM is frequent, and it is important to identify since it affects the usefulness of handgrip measurements, and further that may be treatable. Several different tests are probably needed in order to describe the patients' limitations and to capture changes over time. Compensatory strategies when gripping test items is a problem especially in patients with AROM deficits. Research on validity and reliability of these tests in sIBM patients are lacking. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Hammarén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Factors of importance for dynamic balance impairment and frequency of falls in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 - A cross-sectional study - Including reference values of Timed Up & Go, 10m walk and step test
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuromuscular Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8966 .- 1873-2364. ; 24:3, s. 207-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 suffer from gait difficulties including stumbles and falls. To identify factors of importance for balance impairment and fall-risk a mapping of functional balance was performed, in a cross-sectional study of 51 adults. Walking, balance, falls and muscle force were self-assessed and measured. Reference values of balance were established through measurements of 220 healthy subjects. Falls were more frequently observed in the patients who were more severely affected of muscle weakness than in mildly affected patients, p= 0.014. The number of falls showed negative correlation with balance confidence ( rs= -0.516, p<. 0.001). The ankle dorsiflexor force together with the time difference between comfortable and maximum speed in 10. m-walk proved to be significant factors for fall frequency. A ten Newton muscle force decrease showed 15% increase in odds ratio for frequent falls. One-second increase in time difference between comfortable and maximum walking speed showed 42% increase in odds ratio for frequent falls. In conclusion, assessing the ankle muscle force and the time difference in different walking speeds is important to detect risk of falling. The activities-specific balance confidence score reflects the consequences of the muscle force decrease. Certain patient strategies to diminish risk of falling could be due. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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| 5. |
- Hammarén, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of static and dynamic balance tests in subjects with myotonic dystrophy type 1
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 14:2, s. 48-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability of balance tests and timed walking in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Assessments of static and dynamic balance including timed walking were repeated on three occasions with 1-week intervals. A sample of 10 individuals with functional impairment due to the DM1 disorder participated. The inclusion criteria were: age 20-60; genetically proven DM1 and ability to perform Timed Up&Go (TUG) with or without handheld aids. One Leg and Tandem Stance were assessed as well as Timed 10-m walk (comfortable/maximum pace), TUG, Step Test and Walking in a Figure-of-Eight (Fo8). The analysis of relative reliability comprised the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); the analysis of disagreement comprised the standard error of measurement, the repeatability and the measurement error. Mean age of the participants was 42.7 years (± 10.7 years). The ICC was good to high (0.83-0.98) for all tests except Fo8. The analysis of disagreement showed that the dynamic balance tests were more reliable than the static tests. We recommend the use of the dynamic balance tests Step Test and TUG, together with the Timed 10-m walk at maximum pace to evaluate balance performance quantitatively during walking in patients with DM1..
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| 6. |
- Hedberg, Carola, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Myopathy in a woman and her daughter associated with a novel splice site MTM1 mutation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuromuscular disorders : NMD. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2364 .- 0960-8966. ; 22:3, s. 244-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated a woman and her daughter with an early onset, slowly progressive myopathy. Muscle biopsy showed in both cases severe atrophy with marked fatty replacement. Frequent fibers with internalized nuclei were present but no typical features of centronuclear myopathy. There were also many fibers with deep invaginations of the plasma membrane. The presence of necklace fibers provided clue to correct genetic diagnosis. Both patients had a novel heterozygous splice site mutation in the myotubularin gene, MTM1 (c.867+1G>T). Analysis of MTM1 cDNA revealed that the mutation resulted in aberrant splicing with variable exon skipping. The expression of normal transcripts was markedly reduced and there was reduced expression of myotubularin protein. Although the expression of the allele without the mutation was reduced we did not obtain evidence of skewed X-chromosome inactivation. Other factors than skewed X-inactivation may cause allele inactivation and manifestation of severe myopathy in heterozygous carriers of pathogenic MTM1 mutations.
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| 7. |
- Kircher, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Countermeasures against dangerous use of communication devices while driving – : a toolbox
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport behandlar tänkbara åtgärder för att reducera farligt användande av mobiltelefon och annan kommunikationsutrustning under körning. En viktig del i uppdraget var att belysa alternativ till lagstiftning om förbud. Åtgärdsförslagen täcker flera områden. Ett av dem är teknik, vilket innefattar både teknik i fordonet, teknik i kommunikationsutrustningen och en sammankoppling med infrastrukturen. Ett annat område handlar om utbildning och information och beskriver olika sätt att öka människans kunskap och förståelse. Ett tredje område belyser olika möjligheter som samhället har att påverka människans beteende, både via förbud och lagar och via incitament. En lista över samtliga åtgärdsförslag finns på rapportens baksida. Det finns både för- och nackdelar med användandet av kommunikationsutrustning under körning. Hur användandet ska hanteras är ett komplext problem och det är osannolikt att en enskild åtgärd står för hela lösningen. En åtgärd kan till och med vara beroende av att andra åtgärder redan är implementerade. Många åtgärder har en baksida och man kan inte förvänta sig tydliga målbilder och rakt igenom positiva resultat. Man måste därför lyfta blicken och inse att om fördelarna överväger nackdelarna så är åtgärden värd att genomföra. Olika åtgärder kan dock stärka varandra och delvis fånga upp möjliga negativa sidoeffekter. Vi anser att en kombination av olika åtgärder som dels utbildar och informerar och dels stöttar föraren i att kunna hantera kommunikation på ett säkert sätt är att föredra över ett förbud av användningen av kommunikationsutrustning under färd likt det som idag finns i andra europeiska länder. En kontinuerlig uppföljning och utvärdering krävs för att säkerställa att åtgärderna har förväntad effekt.
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| 8. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärder mot trafikfarlig användning av kommunikationsutrustning under körning : en verktygslåda
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten kan ses som en verktygslåda av åtgärder med syfte att motverka de trafikfarliga aspekterna av kommunikation under körning och samtidigt bevara de positiva effekterna. Åtgärdsförslagen täcker flera områden och är tänkta som alternativ till lagstiftning om förbud. Ett av dem är teknik, vilket innefattar både teknik i fordonet, teknik i kommunikationsutrustningen och en sammankoppling med infrastrukturen. Ett annat område handlar om utbildning och information och beskriver olika sätt att öka människans kunskap och förståelse. Ett tredje område belyser olika möjligheter som samhället har att påverka människans beteende, både via förbud och lagar och via incitament. Vi vill poängtera att det finns både för- och nackdelar med användandet av kommunikationsutrustning under körning. Hur användandet ska hanteras är ett komplext problem och det är osannolikt att en enskild åtgärd står för hela lösningen. En åtgärd kan till och med vara beroende av att andra åtgärder redan är implementerade. Många åtgärder har en baksida och man kan inte förvänta sig entydiga och rakt igenom positiva resultat. Man måste därför lyfta blicken och inse att om fördelarna överväger nackdelarna så är åtgärden värd att genomföra. Olika åtgärder kan dock stärka varandra och delvis fånga upp möjliga negativa sidoeffekter.
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| 9. |
- Kleberg, Johan L., et al.
(författare)
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Facial memory deficits in myotonic dystrophy type 1.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 130:5, s. 312-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate facial memory ability (FMA) in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We also explored the relationship between FMA and neuropsychological data, disease-related factors, and CTG repeat expansion size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with DM1 (n = 33) and healthy subjects (n = 30) were tested with the faces task of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test - Extended version (RBMT-E) and an additional set of neuropsychological tests. Clinical data were collected, and CTG repeat size was quantified in blood lymphocytes. RESULTS: Low results on the faces task were more common in patients with DM1 compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.05), with 36% of the patients showing a poor/impaired performance. DM1 patients with deficits in FMA performed significantly worse on tests measuring visual-construction ability and memory. Furthermore, these patients more often falsely recognised unknown faces as known. Deficits in FMA were not associated with any disease-related factor, including CTG repeat expansion size. CONCLUSIONS: These findings revealed deficits in FMA in the DM1 group, which was associated with reduced construction- and visual memory ability.
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| 10. |
- LINDBERG, CHRISTOPHER, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Compressed Sensing for Sensor Networks with Packet Erasures
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM. - 2334-0983 .- 2576-6813. - 9781479935116 ; , s. 13-19
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study two approaches to distributed compressed sensing for in-network data compression and signal reconstruc- tion at a sink. Communication to the sink is considered to be bandwidth-constrained due to the large number of devices. By using distributed compressed sensing for compression of the data in the network, the communication cost (bandwidth usage) to the sink can be decreased at the expense of delay induced by the local communication. We investigate the relation between cost and delay given a certain reconstruction performance requirement when using basis pursuit denoising for reconstruction. Moreover, we analyze and compare the performance degradation due to erased packets sent to the sink.
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