| 1. |
- Diaz Tartera, Hetzel O., et al.
(författare)
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[Not Available].
- 2016
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The wireless motility-recording capsule, "SmartPill", is an ingested one-time use electronic capsule that measures gastrointestinal luminal pressure, pH and temperature along the whole gastrointestinal tract. The pH profile and the pressure patterns define the time at which the capsule moves from the stomach to the duodenum and from the ileum to the caecum, whereas changes in temperature define the times of ingestion and expulsion. The recordings from the wireless motility capsule are sent from a radio transmitter in the capsule to a receiver carried around the waist. Wireless motility recordings have several advantages over imaging and manometry that have been used previously. Primarily the simplicity by which motility recordings are done, as well as the tolerability for the patient and limited need of assistance are valuable aspects. The wireless motility capsule provides standardized measures of transit with relevant normal values for the clinical work-up of patients with motility disturbances.
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| 2. |
- Dlugosz, Aldona, et al.
(författare)
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No difference in small bowel microbiota between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that colonic microbiota may exhibit important differences between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Less is known about the microbiota of the small bowel. We used massive parallel sequencing to explore the composition of small bowel mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We analysed capsule biopsies from the jejunum of 35 patients (26 females) with IBS aged 18-(36)-57 years and 16 healthy volunteers (11 females) aged 20-(32)-48 years. Sequences were analysed based on taxonomic classification. The phyla with the highest total abundance across all samples were: Firmicutes (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Actinobacteria (9.3%) and Fusobacteria (7.0%). The most abundant genera were: Streptococcus (19%), Veillonella (13%), Prevotella (12%), Rothia (6.4%), Haemophilus (5.7%), Actinobacillus (5.5%), Escherichia (4.6%) and Fusobacterium (4.3%). We found no difference among major phyla or genera between patients with IBS and controls. We identified a cluster of samples in the small bowel microbiota dominated by Prevotella, which may represent a common enterotype of the upper small intestine. The remaining samples formed a gradient, dominated by Streptococcus at one end and Escherichia at the other.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Gisselman, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Ekosystemtjänstförteckning med inventering av dataunderlag : för kartläggning av ekosystemtjänster och grön infrastruktur
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EKOSYSTEMTJÄNSTER ÄR IDAG ett relativt välkänt och etablerat begrepp. Som en följdav att fler aktörer i samhället nu arbetar med ekosystemtjänster har behovet av strukturerade klassificeringar, enhetliga namn och redogörelser av tillgängliga datakällor ökat. Därmed har behov uppstått av en enhetlig och lättillgänglig svensk förteckning.Rapporten har tre primära syften: i) att presentera en svensk förteckning över ekosystemtjänster med enhetliga och lättillgängliga namn, ii) att skapa en överblick över tillgängliga dataunderlag för varje ekosystemtjänst med syfte att förenkla och effektivisera kartläggningar, kvantifieringar och värderingar av ekosystemtjänster på lokal, regional och nationell nivå, samt iii) att identifiera brister avseende datatillgång för ekosystemtjänster.Intentionen med den svenska ekosystemtjänstförteckningen som presenteras i denna rapport är att skapa en bruttolista över ekosystemtjänster som är relevanta för Sverige, och koppla dessa till tillgängliga datakällor avseende tillgång på ekosystemtjänster. Förteckningen ska fungera som underlag vid identifiering, kartläggning, uppföljning och värdering av ekosystemtjänster. Den svenska förteckningen utgår från Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES), men har ett bredare syfte, därför har strukturen i vissa delar anpassats. Den svenska förteckningen innefattar också ett tillägg med kategorin stödjande ekosystemtjänster eftersom den ofta används.Rapporten inleds med en översiktlig genomgång av olika ekosystemtjänstklassificeringar. Detta följs sedan av en beskrivning av hur förslaget till nationell förteckning tagits fram, en diskussion kring skillnader på tillgång och efterfrågan samt en indelning utifrån geografiska aspekter. Därefter presenteras den uppdaterade svenska ekosystemtjänstförteckningen.Rapporten innehåller också en inventering av datakällor som kan användas för respektive ekosystemtjänst utifrån den föreslagna klassificeringen (digital bilaga). Slutligen redovisar vi, utifrån den föreslagen förteckning och tillgängliga dataunderlag, var det är mest angeläget att förbättra tillgången på underlagsdata.
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| 6. |
- Greger, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Silicate reduces cadmium uptake into cells of wheat
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 211, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) is a health threat all over the world and high Cd content in wheat causes high Cd intake. Silicon (Si) decreases cadmium content in wheat grains and shoot. This work investigates whether and how silicate (Si) influences cadmium (Cd) uptake at the cellular level in wheat. Wheat seedlings were grown in the presence or absence of Si with or without Cd. Cadmium, Si, and iron (Fe) accumulation in roots and shoots was analysed. Leaf protoplasts from plants grown without Cd were investigated for Cd uptake in the presence or absence of Si using the fluorescent dye, Leadmium Green AM. Roots and shoots of plants subjected to all four treatments were investigated regarding the expression of genes involved in the Cd uptake across the plasma membrane (i.e. LCT1) and efflux of Cd into apoplasm or vacuole from the cytosol (i.e. HMA2). In addition, phytochelatin (PC) content and PC gene (PCS1) expression were analysed. Expression of iron and metal transporter genes (IRT1 and NRAMP1) were also analysed. Results indicated that Si reduced Cd accumulation in plants, especially in shoot. Si reduced Cd transport into the cytoplasm when Si was added both directly during the uptake measurements and to the growth medium. Silicate downregulated LCT1 and HMA2 and upregulated PCS1. In addition, Si enhanced PC formation when Cd was present. The IRT1 gene, which was downregulated by Cd was upregulated by Si in root and shoot facilitating Fe transport in wheat. NRAMP1 was similarly expressed, though the effect was limited to roots. This work is the first to show how Si influences Cd uptake on the cellular level.
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| 8. |
- Münch, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose budesonide for maintenance of clinical remission in collagenous colitis : a randomised, placebo-controlled, 12-month trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 65:1, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This 1-year study aimed to assess low-dose budesonide therapy for maintenance of clinical remission in patients with collagenous colitis.Design: A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study beginning with an 8-week open-label induction phase in which patients with histologically confirmed active collagenous colitis received budesonide (Budenofalk, 9 mg/day initially, tapered to 4.5 mg/day), after which 92 patients in clinical remission were randomised to budesonide (mean dose 4.5 mg/day; Budenofalk 3 mg capsules, two or one capsule on alternate days) or placebo in a 12-month double-blind phase with 6 months treatment-free follow-up. Primary endpoint was clinical remission throughout the double-blind phase.Results: Clinical remission during open-label treatment was achieved by 84.5% (93/110 patients). The median time to remission was 10.5 days (95% CI (9.0 to 14.0 days)). The maintenance of clinical remission at 1 year was achieved by 61.4% (27/44 patients) in the budesonide group versus 16.7% (8/48 patients) receiving placebo (treatment difference 44.5% in favour of budesonide; 95% CI (26.9% to 62.7%), p<0.001). Health-related quality of life was maintained during the 12-month double-blind phase in budesonide-treated patients. During treatment-free follow-up, 82.1% (23/28 patients) formerly receiving budesonide relapsed after study drug discontinuation. Low-dose budesonide over 1 year resulted in few suspected adverse drug reactions (7/44 patients), all non-serious.Conclusions: Budesonide at a mean dose of 4.5 mg/day maintained clinical remission for at least 1 year in the majority of patients with collagenous colitis and preserved health-related quality of life without safety concerns. Treatment extension with low-dose budesonide beyond 1 year may be beneficial given the high relapse rate after budesonide discontinuation.
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