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| 2. |
- Alänge, Sverker, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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From job-less growth to growth-with-less-jobs: Employment and equity impact of technical and organisational change
- 1996
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 23:1, s. 27-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New technical innovations in the form of new production technologies are known to affect productivity, but organisational innovations and new ways of designing products have now been found to have a profound influence on productivity. These innovations have moved the industrialised countries into a stage in which industrial growth is accompanied by the continuous reduction in industrial employment. This development will greatly influence our society and put stringent demands on our political decision-making apparatus to avoid a growth in the 'wealth of nations' going hand-in-hand with a growth in poverty.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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A review of psychological treatment approaches for patients suffering from tinnitus
- 1995
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE. - : SOC BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE. - 0883-6612. ; 17:4, s. 357-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disabling tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear) is a condition experienced by at least 1-2% of the population. Since medical and technical treatments are only partly successful, several psychological treatment approaches have been applied in the treat
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| 4. |
- Arborelius, U P, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of armrests and high seat heights on lower-limb joint load and muscular activity during sitting and rising
- 1992
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 35:11, s. 1377-1391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The loading moment of force on the hip, knee, and ankle joints of nine healthy men rising from four different types of stools were compared, together with the levels of myoelectrical activity (EMG) in four leg muscles. Two types of stool (stand stools) had higher seats than a normal chair. The other two were of ordinary seat height, but one also had armrests. The bodyweight carried by the different stools when sitting was also measured, and the subject estimated the effort required for each trial. The mean maximum knee moment was over 60% lower when rising from the high stool than from 'ordinary' seat height. The difference between the high and low stand stool was also significant (p less than 0.001). Using the high stool or help of the arms reduced the mean maximum hip moment by about 50%. The mean maximum ankle moment was only marginally influenced by the different stools. Knee moment was influenced more by seat height than was hip moment. Vastus lateralis activity was significantly higher when subjects rose from 'ordinary' height than when rising from either stand stool (p less than 0.001). The rectus femoris muscle was little activated and the semitendinosus muscle was activated earlier when rising from higher seat heights. All subjects estimated the effort of rising from the higher stand stool to be lower than from the lower stand stool or from 'ordinary' height without arm rests. It was concluded that stand stools are good alternatives for workers who change frequently between sitting and standing work.
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| 5. |
- Beland, Marie-Claude, et al.
(författare)
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Optical measurement and perception of gloss quality of printed matte-coated paper
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Printing and Graphic Arts Conference. - : CPPA, Montreal, Canada. ; , s. 187-191
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A set of 32 commercially produced and printed matte-coated papers were rated for gloss quality by a panel of 13 expert judges and light scattering distributions, gloss, and gloss variation measured. Fitting the light scattering distributions to Von Mises distributions, we obtain a factor, kappa, related to the width of the distribution and sensitive to small changes in surface roughness, which relates very well with the subjective rating. Gloss variation in certain surface spatial wavelength bands also correlates well with the gloss quality rating. The topography of the samples was also measured using confocal microscopy and the relationship between light scattering and paper topography is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Brännlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Railway Timetabling Using Lagrangian Relaxation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Transportation Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0041-1655 .- 1526-5447. ; 32:4, s. 358-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel optimization approach for the timetabling problem of a railway company, i.e., scheduling of a set of trains to obtain a profit maximizing timetable, while not violating track capacity constraints. The scheduling decisions are based on estimates of the value of running different types of service at specified times. We model the problem as a very large integer programming problem. The model is flexible in that if allows for general cost functions. We have used a Lagrangian relaxation solution approach, in which the track capacity constraints are relaxed and assigned prices, so that the problem separates into one dynamic program for each physical train. The number of dual variables is very large. However, it turns out that only a small fraction of these are nonzero, wh ich one may take advantage of in the dual updating schemes. The approach has been, tested on a realistic example suggested by the Swedish National Railway Administration. This example contains 18 passenger trains and 8 freight trains to be scheduled during a day on a stretch of single track, consisting of 17 stations. The computation times are rather modest and the obtained timetables are within a few percent of optimality.
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| 8. |
- Gräslund, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Production of a Thermostable DNA Polymerase by Site-Specific Cleavage of a Heat-Eluted Affinity Fusion Protein
- 1997
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Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-5928 .- 1096-0279. ; 9, s. 125-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel strategy is described for bacterial expression and affinity purification of a recombinant truncated version of the heat-stable DNA polymerase I fromThermus aquaticus.The DNA polymerase ([Delta]Taq) was produced as a fusion to a serum albumin binding affinity handle (ABP) derived from streptococcal protein G. Based on the thermostability of the [Delta]TaqDNA polymerase, affinity-purified ABP-[Delta]Taqcould be heat-eluted from HSA columns by incubation at 85ï¿œC. To produce free [Delta]TaqDNA polymerase, efficient site-specific cleavage of the affinity tag was performed using a recombinant coxsackievirus 3C protease (3Cpro), also produced as an ABP affinity fusion. Thus, an integrated strategy could be devised where both the cleaved ABP affinity tag and the protease fusion could be recovered after site-specific cleavage using HSA-affinity chromatography. The flow-through fraction contained essentially pure [Delta]TaqDNA polymerase with full enzymatic activity.
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| 9. |
- Hedmark, Per G., et al.
(författare)
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Selective etching of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. - : Wiley. - 0021-8995 .- 1097-4628. ; 34:2, s. 743-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DSC, IR, ESCA, macroscopic etching rate measurements, analysis of etchant solution, and electron microscopy conclusively show that n-alkylamines (ethylamine, n-propylamine, n-butylamine, and n-pentylamine) and NaOH selectively degrade (etch) the ethylene terephthalate (ET)-rich phase in glassy liquid crystalline poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid-co-ethylene terephthalate) [P(HBA-ET)] with molar compositions 0.60:0.40 and 0.80:0.20. ESCA demonstrates the excellent selectivity of the n-alkylamine etchants in the 0.60:0.40 copolymer. The 50 Å top layer of the etched samples contains 95 mol% HBA. Treatment with H2SO4 and NH3 gives ambiguous results, and these compounds are not suitable as etchants. It is demonstrated by electron microscopy on the 0.60:0.40 copolymer, in accordance with earlier reports by Joseph et al.,5-8 that the ET-rich phase is discontinuous (1-2 m spheres) and surrounded by an HBA-rich matrix. SEM is a useful tool for characterization of this morphology. However, both phases have a substracture which is revealed only by TEM. The morphology of the 0.80:0.20 copolymer is fine-textured, which means that SEM is a less suitable method for the characterization of etched samples.
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| 10. |
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