| 1. |
- Zervos, T., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of MIMO terminal user's hand on channel capacity
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the impact of user's hand holding a Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) terminal on the system performance is investigated. A 4×4 MIMO system is considered with a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) terminal equipped with a compact array of 4 patch elements. The radiation patterns of the antenna elements are simulated in the presence of the other elements and in the presence of a user's hand. The obtained patterns are used to evaluate the covariance matrix of the receive antenna which is incorporated in a correlation-based MIMO channel model. MIMO channel capacity is calculated to demonstrate the capacity degradation caused by the user's hand.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of two different exercis regimes during the first year following stroke : a randomised controlled trail
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 25:2, s. 55-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of two different exercise approaches during the first 12 months post stroke on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), motor function, gait performance, balance, grip strength, and muscle tone. This study is a double-blind longitudinal randomised trial of first-time-ever stroke patients. Seventy-five patients were included: 35 in an intervention group and 40 in a self-initiated exercise group. After discharge from acute rehabilitation, patients assigned in the intervention group had physiotherapy for a minimum amount of 80 hours during the first year. Patients in the self-initiated exercise group were not recommended any specific therapy besides treatment when needed. Main outcome measures were Instrumental Activities of Daily Living according to Fillenbaum, Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go Test, grip strength, Modified Ashworth Scale, and pulse monitoring. The patients were tested on admission, at discharge, and after 3, 6, and 12 months post stroke by an experienced investigator, blinded to group assignment. Twelve months post stroke showed higher levels of independence in all items of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Test and improvements in the results of Motor Assessment Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go, and grip strength in both groups. Only a few significant differences were seen between groups, and they were in favour of the self-initiated exercise group (e.g., ability to use the telephone independently). Attending examination sessions following each intervention phase appeared to be strong motivators for training, irrespective of group allocation.
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| 4. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise and health-related quality of life during the first year following acute stroke : A randomized controlled trial
- 2008
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Ingår i: Brain Injury. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-9052 .- 1362-301X. ; 22:2, s. 135-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the impact of two different physiotherapy exercise regimes in patients after acute stroke on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to investigate how the degree of motor and balance function, gait capacity, activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living influenced HRQoL. Methods: A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial of two interventions: the intensive exercise groups with scheduled intensive training during four periods of the first year after stroke and the regular exercise group with self-initiated training. Results: There was a tendency of better HRQoL in the regular exercise group on NHP total score (p = 0.05). Patients with low scores in activities of daily living, balance and motor function and inability to perform 6-minute walk test on admission, scored lower on self-perceived health than patients with high scores and ability to perform the walking test. At 1 year post-stroke, total scores on NHP were moderately associated with motor function (r = -0.63), balance (r = -0.56), gait (r = -0.57), activities of daily living (r = -0.57) and instrumental activities of daily living (r = -0.49-0.58). The physical mobility sub-scale of NHP had the strongest association ranging from r = -0.47-0.82. Conclusion: The regular exercise group with self-initiated training seemed to enhance HRQoL more than the intensive exercise group with scheduled intensive training. The degree of motor function, balance, walking capacity and independence in activities of daily living is of importance for perceived HRQoL.
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| 5. |
- Langhammer, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Stroke patients and long-term training: is it worthwhile? : A randomized comparison of two different training strategies after rehabilitation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 21:6, s. 495-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To find out if there were any differences in improvement and maintenance of motor function, activity of daily living and grip strength between patients with first-ever stroke receiving two different strategies of physical exercise during the first year after stroke. Design: A longitudinal randomized controlled stratified trial. Setting: Rehabilitation institutions, community, patients' homes and nursing homes. Subjects: Seventy-five male and female first-time-ever stroke patients: 35 in an intensive exercise group and 40 in a regular exercise group. Intervention: The intensive exercise group received physiotherapy with focus on intensive exercises in four periods during the first year after stroke. The regular exercise group patients were followed up according to their subjective needs during the corresponding year. Main outcome measures: Motor Assessment Scale, Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living, and grip strength. Results: Both groups improved significantly up to six months when function stabilized. The groups did not differ significantly on any test occasions. The difference of improvement from admission to discharge was significant in favour of the intensive exercise group, in the Motor Assessment Scale total score (intensive exercise group 7.5; regular exercise group 1.7, P = 0.01), and in the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living total score (17.4 versus 8.9, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Motor function, activities of daily living functions and grip strength improved initially and were maintained during the first year after stroke in all patients irrespective of exercise regime. This indicates the importance of motivation for regular exercise in the first year following stroke, achieved by regular check-ups.
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