| 1. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Commercial banking, insurance and economic growth in Sweden between 1830 and 1998
- 2009
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Ingår i: Accounting Business and Financial History. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0958-5206 .- 1466-4275. ; 19:1, s. 21-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine empirically the dynamic historical relation between commercial bank lending, insurance and economic (income) growth in Sweden using time-series data from 1830 to 1998 and performing tests for Granger causality. Because of the non-stationary nature of the time series examined the procedure of Toda andYamamoto (1995) is used. Our results, which have accounted for possible regime changes due to different exchange rate mechanisms over time, indicate that insurance has Granger-caused economic growth and bank lending. Therefore, we conclude that insurance is an important prerequisite for stimulating economic growth and that this could have important implications for contemporary developing economies.
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| 2. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-
(författare)
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Relativprisförändringar och förändrad koldioxidproduktivitet i svensk tillverkningsindustri 1914 till 1995
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The following report investigates relationships between labour and carbon dioxide productivity in the Swedish manufacturing industry 1914-1995. Furthermore, relationships between changing energy relative prices and carbon dioxide emissions are studied. Main conclusions are that improved labour and carbon dioxide productivity was evident during the post 1973 period, while the results are more ambiguous during the 1950 to 1973 period. During the period 1913 to 1950 the relationship was probably negative.For the whole investigated period there are evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are negatively correlated with oil prices. The relationship was however not stable over each sub-period. An overall interpretation of the results is that carbon dioxide emissions and carbon dioxide productivity historically have been affected by other factors apart from relative price changes. Climate policy, which tends to be working towards long-term goals, should therefore pay attention to policy tools that may complement economic tools such as taxes.
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| 3. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-
(författare)
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Strukturomvandling och förändrad koldioxidproduktivitet i svensk industri 1936-1979
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report provides an investigation of changes in carbon dioxide emission productivity in the Swedish manufacturing industry. Productivity changes are measured for approximately 100 sectors within manufacturing industry. Furthermore, aggregated productivity change is decomposed into technical and structural effects. Analytically the relationship between carbon dioxide productivity and labour productivity is investigated. A main conclusion is that sectors with a large contribution to the aggregated labour productivity tend to large contributors also to carbon dioxide productivity.
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| 7. |
- Thorin, Eva, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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PERFOMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF THE VÄXTKRAFT BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT –THE USE OF MEMBRANE FILTRATION
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ICAE'09. ; , s. 594-602
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today we can see a large potential for biogas production from any kind of organic residue as well as from different crops, farm land residues or graze. However, the technology for biogas production is not optimized and thus not fully cost-effective. To be fully commercially competitive with other types of fuels, efficiency improvements of the process are needed. In the research project BioGasOpt, performed in cooperation between Mälardalen University and industry, performance optimization of the Växtkraft biogas production plant and surrounding systems are studied. In this paper the project will be presented and the possibility for improvements by using membrane filtration to reduce the dry matter in the recirculated water is addressed.In the Växtkraft biogas plant, in Västerås, Sweden, organic wastes from households and restaurants are mixed and fermented with crops from graze land. A lot of water is used in the process and the surplus is filtered off in decanter centrifuges. The decantate from the centrifuges is partly recirculated in the process and the problem is that the content of dry matter in the decantate is increasing and is today around 4 %. In this paper the potential to use membrane filtration to improve the performance of biogas plants is studied. The consequences concerning production capacity, energy use, and operation of the plant are discussed. The first results from tests on using ceramic membrane filters at the Växtkraft biogas plant show that it possible to decrease the content of dry matter in the process water to 2 % at operation temperatures around 100˚C.
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| 8. |
- Öhman, Lena, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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B-cell activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. - : Wiley. - 1365-2982. ; 21:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may have a low grade immune activation. However, little is known about the properties of B cells of IBS patients. We therefore investigated activation level and antigen presenting phenotype of blood B cells of IBS patients. We also examined B-cell responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and probiotic bacteria. Blood samples were obtained from 74 IBS patients and 30 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated with LPS or an UV-light inactivated bacterial cocktail consisting of the probiotic Gram-positive strains; Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei 19, Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis B612. The phenotype of CD19(+) B cells was investigated by flow cytometry before and after 72 h cell culture. Furthermore, IBS symptom severity was assessed. B cells isolated from blood of IBS patients displayed an amplified activation level as demonstrated by increased cell surface expression of IgG, and also the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Expression of antigen presenting HLA-DR and costimulatory molecule CD40 on B cells was, however comparable in IBS patients and controls. B cells of IBS patients displayed an impaired ability to increase expression of CD80, but not CD86, in response to both LPS as well as probiotic bacteria stimulations. To conclude, blood B cells of IBS patients have an increased activation level. Bacterial component induced expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80, regarded as important for tolerance induction, is impaired. These data suggest that B-cell antigen presentation in IBS patients is associated with altered capacity of providing costimulation to T cells.
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| 9. |
- Öhman, Lena, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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T-cell activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1572-0241 .- 0002-9270. ; 104:5, s. 1205-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been found to be associated with low-grade immune activation in a subset of patients. We therefore investigated blood and colonic T-cell activity in IBS patients. METHODS: Blood samples were initially obtained from 74 IBS patients and 30 controls. Supplementary blood samples, to confirm data, were taken from another cohort (26 patients and 14 controls). In addition, colonic biopsies were taken from a third cohort (11 patients and 10 controls). Peripheral blood and colonic mononuclear cells were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. Proliferation, cytokine secretion, and T-cell phenotype were investigated. IBS symptom severity was assessed. RESULTS: IBS patients displayed an activated phenotype with increased frequencies of blood T cells expressing CD69 and integrin beta7/HLA-DR. Anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated blood and colonic T cells from IBS patients proliferated less than T cells from controls. IBS patients had an increased polyclonally stimulated T-cell secretion of IL-1beta, which also weakly correlated with increased bowel habit dissatisfaction. Furthermore, despite normal frequencies of CD25high T cells in the blood of IBS patients, lower blood CD25high T-cell frequencies were modestly correlated with more bowel habit dissatisfaction and increased total IBS symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: IBS patients have an increased frequency of activated T cells, demonstrated by the expression of activation markers and reduced proliferation in response to restimulation in vitro. The increased level of T-cell activation is consistent with the hypothesis of low-grade immune activation in IBS and may also be involved in symptom generation in IBS.
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