| 1. |
- Lindqvist, Neiva, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of crosstalk channel estimation on the DSM performance for DSL networks
- 2010
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Ingår i: Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and assessment of spectrum management methods for the copper access network are usually conducted under the assumption of accurate channel information. Acquiring such information implies, in practice, estimation of the crosstalk coupling functions between the twisted-pair lines in the access network. This type of estimation is not supported or required by current digital subscriber line (DSL) standards. In this work, we investigate the impact of the inaccuracies in crosstalk estimation on the performance of dynamic spectrum management (DSM) algorithms. A recently proposed crosstalk channel estimator is considered and a statistical sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of the crosstalk estimation error on the bitloading and on the achievable data rate for a transmission line. The DSM performance is then evaluated based on the achievable data rates obtained through experiments with DSL setups and computer simulations. Since these experiments assume network scenarios consisting of real twisted-pair cables, both crosstalk channel estimates and measurements (for a reference comparison) are considered. The results indicate that the error introduced by the adopted estimation procedure does not compromise the performance of the DSM techniques, that is, the considered crosstalk channel estimator provides enough means for a practical implementation of DSM.
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| 2. |
- Barauskas, Justas, et al.
(författare)
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Bioadhesive Lipid Compositions : Self-Assembly Structures, Functionality, and Medical Applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:3, s. 895-903
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid-based liquid crystalline compositions of phospholipids and diglycerides have unique bioadhesive properties with several medical applications, as exemplified by a lipid-based medical device indicated for management and relief of intraoral pain. The present paper describes the relation between self-assembly properties of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and glycerol dioleate (GDO) mixtures in the presence of aqueous fluids and functional attributes of the system, including: film formation and bioadhesion, intraoral coverage, acceptance by patients, and potential as a drug delivery system. The phase behavior of PC/GDO was characterized using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Functional properties, including the presence of study formulations at intraoral surfaces, ease of attachment, taste, and degree of and intraoral pain, were assessed in a crossover clinical pilot study in head and neck cancer patients. An optimum in functional properties was indicated for formulations with a PC/GDO weight ratio of about 35/65, where the lipids form a reversed cubic liquid crystalline micellar phase structure (Fd3m space group) over the relevant temperature range (25-40 degrees C).
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| 3. |
- Castro-Carrizo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the 12CO J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 emission in AGB and early post-AGB circumstellar envelopes. I. The COSAS program, first sample
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 523:4, s. A59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present COSAS (CO Survey of late AGB Stars), a project to map and analyze the 12CO J = 1−0 and J = 2−1 line emission in a representative sample of circumstellar envelopes around AGB and post-AGB stars. The survey was undertaken with the aim of investigating small- and large-scale morphological and kinematical properties of the molecular environment surrounding stars in the late AGB and early post-AGB phases. For this, COSAS combines the high sensitivity and spatial resolving power of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer with the better capability of the IRAM 30 m telescope to map extended emission. The global sample encompasses 45 stars selected to span a range in chemical type, variability type, evolutionary state, and initial mass. COSAS provides means to quantify variations in the mass-loss rates, assess morphological and kinematical features, and to investigate the appearance of fast aspherical winds in the early post-AGB phase. This paper, which is the first of a series of COSAS papers, presents the results from the analyses of a first sample of 16 selected sources. The envelopes around late AGB stars are found to be mostly spherical, often mingled with features such as concentric arcs (R Cas and TX Cam), a broken spiral density pattern (TX Cam), molecular patches testifying to aspherical mass-loss (WX Psc, IK Tau, V Cyg, and S Cep), and also with well-defined axisymmetric morphologies and kinematical patterns (X Her and RX Boo). The sources span a wide range of angular sizes, from relatively compact (CRL 2362, OH 104.9+2.4 and CRL 2477) to very large (χ Cyg and TX Cam) envelopes, sometimes partially obscured by self-absorption features, which particularly for IK Tau and χ Cyg testifies to the emergence of aspherical winds in the innermost circumstellar regions. Strong axial structures with more or less complex morphologies are detected in four early post-AGB stars (IRAS 20028+3910, IRAS 23321+6545, IRAS 19475+3119 and IRAS 21282+5050) of the sub-sample.
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| 4. |
- Höst, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Low complexity computation of the BT0 Hilbert twisted pair cable model
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 195-199
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By use of the Hilbert transform the standardized BT0 twisted pair cable model can be rederived as a causal model with lower order, denoted BT0$_H$. In the present contribution the computational complexity of the BT0$_H$ model is decreased as the Hilbert transform is approximated with a look-up table implemented as a polynomial approximation. This results in a model of lower complexity than BT0$_H$ and lower order than the original BT0 model. Finally a comparison on causality of the considered models is presented.
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| 5. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and localization of load coils from one-port measurements
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456. ; 59:7, s. 1972-1982
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThis paper deals with detection and localization of load coils in the copper access network. The load coil is a legacy device that must be removed before deploying broadband services on twisted-pair transmission lines. The proposed methods do not require dedicated hardware but utilize the already installed transceivers for one-port measurements of the line input impedance. The number of load coils is detected by counting the number of resonance peaks in the line impedance spectrum. An approximative model of the symmetric loaded line is presented, from which a low-complexity load coil locator is derived. For nonsymmetric lines, a load coil locator using model-based optimization is proposed. The two methods are compared and evaluated by computer simulations and by laboratory measurements on real transmission lines. The estimation results indicate that up to five load coils can be robustly detected and located with the proposed methods.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Fredrik
(författare)
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Estimation and detection of transmission line characteristics in the copper access network
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The copper access-network operators face the challenge of developing and maintaining cost-effective digital subscriber line (DSL) services that are competitive to other broadband access technologies. The way forward is dictated by the demand of ever increasing data rates on the twisted-pair copper lines. To meet this demand, a relocation of the DSL transceivers in cabinets closer to the customers are often necessary combined with a joint expansion of the accompanying optical-fiber backhaul network. The equipment of the next generation copper network are therefore becoming more scattered and geographically distributed, which increases the requirements of automated line qualification with fault detection and localization. This scenario is addressed in the first five papers of this dissertation where the focus is on estimation and detection of transmission line characteristics in the copper access network. The developed methods apply model-based optimization with an emphasis on using low-order modeling and a priori information of the given problem. More specifically, in Paper I a low-order and causal cable model is derived based on the Hilbert transform. This model is successfully applied in three contributions of this dissertation. In Paper II, a class of low-complexity unbiased estimators for the frequency-dependent characteristic impedance is presented that uses one-port measurements only. The so obtained characteristic impedance paves the way for enhanced time domain reflectometry (a.k.a. TDR) on twisted-pair lines. In Paper III, the problem of estimating a nonhomogeneous and dispersive transmission line is investigated and a space-frequency optimization approach is developed for the DSL application. The accompanying analysis shows which parameters are of interest to estimate and further suggests the introduction of the concept capacitive length that overcomes the necessity of a priori knowledge of the physical line length. In Paper IV, two methods are developed for detection and localization of load coils present in so-called loaded lines. In Paper V, line topology identification is addressed with varying degree of a priori information. In doing so, a model-based optimization approach is employed that utilizes multi-objective evolutionary computation based on one/two-port measurements. A complement to transceiver relocation that potentially enhances the total data throughput in the copper access network is dynamic spectrum management (DSM). This promising multi-user transmission technique aims at maximizing the transmission rates, and/or minimizing the power consumption, by mitigating or cancelling the dominating crosstalk interference between twisted-pair lines in the same cable binder. Hence the spectral utilization is improved by optimizing the transmit signals in order to minimize the crosstalk interference. However, such techniques rely on accurate information of the (usually) unknown crosstalk channels. This issue is the main focus of Paper VI and VII of this dissertation in which Paper VI deals with estimation of the crosstalk channels between twisted-pair lines. More specifically, an unbiased estimator for the square-magnitude of the crosstalk channels is derived from which a practical procedure is developed that can be implemented with standardized DSL modems already installed in the copper access network. In Paper VII the impact such a non-ideal estimator has on the performance of DSM is analyzed and simulated. Finally, in Paper VIII a novel echo cancellation algorithm for DMT-based DSL modems is presented.
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| 7. |
- Sales, Claudomiro, et al.
(författare)
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Line Topology Identification Using Multiobjective Evolutionary Computation
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456. ; 59:3, s. 715-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The broadband capacity of the twisted-pair lines strongly varies within the copper access network. It is therefore important to assess the ability of a digital subscriber line (DSL) to support the DSL services prior to deployment. This task is handled by the line qualification procedures, where the identification of the line topology is an important part. This paper presents a new method, denoted topology identification via model-based evolutionary computation (TIMEC), for line topology identification, where either one-port measurements or both one-and two-port measurements are utilized. The measurements are input to a model-based multiobjective criterion that is minimized by a genetic algorithm to provide an estimate of the line topology. The inherent flexibility of TIMEC enables the incorporation of a priori information, e. g., the total line length. The performance of TIMEC is evaluated by computer simulations with varying degrees of information. Comparison with a state-of-art method indicates that TIMEC achieves better results for all the tested lines when only one-port measurements are used. The results are improved when employing both one-and two-port measurements. If a rough estimate of the total length is also used, near-perfect estimation is obtained for all the tested lines.
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| 8. |
- Schöier, Fredrik, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The abundance of HCN in the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars different chemical type
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. A multi-transition survey of HCN (sub-) millimeter line emission from a large sample of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of different chemical type is presented. The data are analysed and circumstellar HCN abundances are estimated. The sample stars span a large range of properties such as mass-loss rate and photospheric C/O-ratio. The analysis of the new data allows for more accurate estimates of the circumstellar HCN abundances and puts new constraints on chemical models. Methods. In order to constrain the circumstellar HCN abundance distribution a detailed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) excitation analysis, based on the Monte Carlo method, is performed. Effects of line overlaps and radiative excitation from dust grains are included. Results. The median values for the derived abundances of HCN (with respect to H-2) are 3 x 10(-5), 7 x 10(-7) and 10(-7) for carbon stars (25 stars), S-type AGB stars (19 stars) and M-type AGB stars (25 stars), respectively. The estimated sizes of the HCN envelopes are similar to those obtained in the case of SiO for the same sample of sources and agree well with previous results from interferometric observations, when these are available. Conclusions. We find that there is a clear dependence of the derived circumstellar HCN abundance on the C/O-ratio of the star, in that carbon stars have about two orders of magnitude higher abundances than M-type AGB stars, on average. The derived HCN abundances of the S-type AGB stars have a larger spread and typically fall in between those of the two other types, however, slightly closer to the values for the M-type AGB stars. For the M-type stars, the estimated abundances are much higher than what would be expected if HCN is formed in thermal equilibrium. However, the results are also in contrast to predictions from recent non-LTE chemical models, where very little difference is expected in the HCN abundances between the various types of AGB stars.
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| 9. |
- Uhlén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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New diamond nanofabrication process for hard x-ray zone plates
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1071-1023 .- 1520-8567. ; 29:6, s. 06FG03-1-06FG03-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors report on a new tungsten-hardmask-based diamond dry-etch process for fabricating diamond zone plate lenses with a high aspect ratio. The tungsten hardmask is structured by electron-beam lithography, together with Cl2/O2 and SF6/O2 reactive ion etching in a trilayer resist-chromium-tungsten stack. The underlying diamond is then etched in an O2 plasma. The authors demonstrate excellent-quality diamond gratings with half-pitch down to 80 nm and a height of 2.6 μm, as well as zone plates with a 75 μm diameter and 100 nm outermost zone width. The diffraction efficiency of the zone plates is measured to 14.5% at an 8 keV x-ray energy, and the imaging properties were investigated in a scanning microscope arrangement showing sub-100-nm resolution. The imaging and thermal properties of these lenses make them suitable for use with high-brightness x-ray free-electron laser sources.
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| 10. |
- Wiesinger, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Jaw-opening accuracy is not affected by masseter muscle vibration in healthy men
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 232:11, s. 3501-3508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a functional integration between the jaw and neck regions with head extension–flexion movements during jaw-opening/closing tasks. We recently reported that trigeminal nociceptive input by injection of hypertonic saline into the masseter muscle altered this integrated jaw–neck function during jaw-opening/closing tasks. Thus, in jaw-opening to a predefined position, the head–neck component increased during pain. Previous studies have indicated that muscle spindle stimulation by vibration of the masseter muscle may influence jaw movement amplitudes, but the possible effect on the integrated jaw–neck function is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of masseter muscle vibration on jaw–head movements during a continuous jaw-opening/closing task to a target position. Sixteen healthy men performed two trials without vibration (Control) and two trials with bilateral masseter muscle vibration (Vibration). Movements of the mandible and the head were registered with a wireless three-dimensional optoelectronic recording system. Differences in jaw-opening and head movement amplitudes between Control and Vibration, as well as achievement of the predefined jaw-opening target position, were analysed with Wilcoxon’s matched pairs test. No significant group effects from vibration were found for jaw or head movement amplitudes, or in the achievement of the target jaw-opening position. A covariation between the jaw and head movement amplitudes was observed. The results imply a high stability for the jaw motor system in a target jaw-opening task and that this task was achieved with the head–neck and jaw working as an integrated system.
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