| 1. |
- Enoksson, Emmi, 1960-
(författare)
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Toward better image reproduction in offset
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis has focused on color reproduction processes in the graphics field and is based on theoretical research and practical studies. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how new tools and tools adapted to a specific production set-up can be used to raise awareness regarding the quality and workflow of images and image processing for sheet-fed offset within the graphic industry. The work is divided in to the following three study areas with several sub-studies: 1) The first research goal of the thesis is to identify knowledge levels regarding color separation of images and demand specifications within printing houses. 2) The second research goal is to investigate whether novel tools and new terminology can help to increase the knowledge level regarding color management 3) The third goal is to investigate whether process specific adaptation of key color control tools can improve quality levels Three surveys about color reproduction (focusing on level of knowledge concerning color separation, the use of ICC-profiles and demand specifications for controlled color reproduction) at printing companies in Sweden were made between 2000 and 2004. The surveys indicated a serious problem in the graphic arts industry, involving both an insufficient understanding of color management and a lack of communication. An important part of the work was to assist in make color management understandable for users and thereby optimize printing. For this purpose, digital test forms have been developed. The developed tools, together with descriptive material, will facilitate the understanding of color management issues. Definitions within the field of color separations have been examined, and changes have been suggested. A new term for separation “Compensation by Black”, CB, has been suggested, instead of e.g. GCR and UCR. Is it possible to adapt the different parts of the process chain in order to achieve an improved production? Yes! This work has developed the method for adaptation of the scanne rtest chart, the printing test chart for image categorization and the control strip forsheet-fed offset using gray balance. This thesis suggests that it is possible to produce a custom-made IT8 target test chart for scanners and achieve a result at least similar to or even better than the standard test charts on the market. This work has also shown that itis possible to adapt the test chart for printing to image category. The result showed that low-key image separated by the image-adapted test chart showed more detail in the dark areas than a low-key image separated by the standard test chart, in the prints on a coated paper. The result from the adaptation of a control strip for sheet-fed offset showed that gray balance can be used as a control parameter for quality control in sheet-fed offset.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Kartering av limniska naturvärden - Lovön, Kärsön och Fågelön m.fl. öar 2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport redovisar en naturinventering av sjöstränderna i det planerade naturreservatet Lovön-Kärsön i Mälaren. Inventeringen utfördes i syfte att beskriva och bedöma strändernas limniska naturvärden och omfattade biotopkartering samt riktade undersökningar av vattenväxter, bottendjur och stormusslor. Karteringen utfördes i juli-oktober 2011 av Naturvatten AB på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Stockholms län. Resultatet redovisas i text och kartor i denna rapport, samt i en biotopkarteringsdatabas (Access) framtagen av länsstyrelsen. Inventeringen omfattade sammantaget 188 biotoper som täcker in en strandsträcka av cirka 45 kilometer. Ingen av biotoperna bedömdes till den högsta klassen naturvärde av nationell betydelse. Tjugo biotoper motsvarande 13 procent av stränderna, bedömdes till naturvärde av regional betydelse. Av dessa biotoper fördelade sig åtta till Lovön och tolv till Kärsön. Bedömning till regionalt värde motiverades av förekomst av rödlistade arter, regionalt sett ovanliga arter och/eller Natura 2000- naturtyper av hög kvalitet. Hela 65 biotoper, motsvarande 40 procent av stränderna, bedömdes till naturvärde av kommunal betydelse. Bedömningarna grundar sig bland annat på artrikedom, strukturell mångformighet samt ekologisk funktion i form av framförallt lekområden för fisk eller bottnar med särskilt goda förutsättningar för kräftor. Det inventerade området var som helhet att betrakta som mycket artrikt både vad gäller vattenväxter och bottendjur. Artrikedomen varierade dock kraftigt mellan biotoperna. Tre rödlistade arter noterades vid fältarbetet, nämligen vattenväxterna bandnate och uddnate samt stormusslan äkta målarmussla. Samtliga redovisas som nära hotade (NT) i 2010 års rödlista. Vidare förekommer i området ett antal arter som kan anses vara ovanliga i regionen och som stärker dess naturvärden. En statusklassning enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder visade på måttlig ekologisk status för vattenväxter, och god eller hög status för bottenfauna. Diskrepansen i klassningen av de båda organismgrupperna förklaras förmodligen till största delen av brister i bedömningsgrunderna. Generellt tenderar bedömningsgrunderna för bottenfauna i strandzonen att ge en överskattat god bild av det verkliga tillståndet, medan bedömningssystemet för vattenväxter inte förmår skilja naturligt näringsrika vatten från de som är övergödda.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Ulf, 1976-
(författare)
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Ventricular rotation and the rotation axis : a new concept in cardiac function
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The twisting motion of the left ventricle (LV), with clockwise rotation at the base and counter clockwise rotation at the apex during systole, is a vital part of LV function. Even though LV rotation has been studied for decades, the rotation pattern has not been described in detail. By the introduction of speckle tracking echocardiography measuring rotation has become easy of access. However, the axis around which the LV rotates has never before been assessed. The aims of this thesis were to describe the rotation pattern of the LV in detail (study I), to assess RV apical rotation (study II), develop a method to assess the rotation axis (study III) and finally to study the effect of regional ischemia to the rotation pattern of the LV (study IV). Methods: Healthy humans were examined in study I-III and the final study populations were 40 (60±14 years), 14 (62±11 years) and 39 (57±16 years) subjects, respectively. In study IV six young pigs (32-40kg) were studied. Standard echocardiographic examinations were performed. In study IV the images were recorded before and 4 minutes after occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Rotation was measured in short axis images by using a speckle tracking software. By development of custom software, the rotation axis of the LV was calculated at different levels in every image frame throughout the cardiac cycle. Results: Study I showed significant difference in rotation between basal and apical rotations, as well as significant differences between segments at basal and mid ventricular levels. The rotation pattern of the LV was associated with different phases of the cardiac cycle. Study II found significant difference in rotation between the LV and the RV. RV rotation was heterogeneous and bi-directional, creating a ´tightening belt action´ to reduce it circumference. Study III indicated that the new method could assess the rotation axis of the LV. The motion of the rotation axes in healthy humans displayed a physiological and consistent pattern. Study IV found a significant difference in the rotation pattern, between baseline and after LAD occlusion, by measuring the rotation axes, but not by conventional measurements of rotation. AV-plane displacement and wall motion score (WMS) were also significantly changed after inducing regional ischemia. Conclusion: There are normally large regional differences in LV rotation, which can be associated anatomy, activation pattern and cardiac phases, indicating its importance to LV function. In difference to the LV, the RV did not show any functional rotation. However, its heterogeneous circumferential motion could still be of importance to RV function and may in part be the result of ventricular interaction. The rotation axis of the LV can now be assessed by development of a new method, which gives a unique view of the rotation pattern. The quality measurements and results in healthy humans indicate that it has a potential clinical implication in identifying pathological rotation. This was supported by the experimental study showing that the rotation axis was more sensitive than traditional measurements of rotation and as sensitive as AV-plane displacement and WMS in detecting regional myocardial dysfunction.
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| 4. |
- Hindorf, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Genotyping should be considered the primary choice for pre-treatment evaluation of thiopurine methyltransferase function
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. - : Elsevier. - 1873-9946. ; 6:6, s. 655-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aimsA pre-treatment determination of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype or phenotype can identify patients at risk of developing severe adverse reactions from thiopurine treatment. The risk of misclassifying a patient might be dependent on the method used. The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance between TPMT genotyping and phenotyping.MethodsThe data consist of 7195 unselected and consecutive TPMT genotype and phenotype determinations sent to the division of Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping, Sweden. TPMT activity was measured in red blood cells (RBC) and the genotype determined by pyrosequencing for the three most common TPMT variants (TPMT *2, *3A, *3C).ResultsTPMT genotyping identified 89% as TPMT wild type (*1/*1), 10% as TPMT heterozygous and 0.5% as TMPT defective. The overall concordance between genotyping and phenotyping was 95%, while it was 96% among IBD patients (n = 4024). Genotyping would have misclassified 8% of the TPMT defectives as heterozygous as compared to 11% if only TPMT activity had been measured. 11% of the heterozygous patients had a normal TPMT activity (> 8.9 U/ml RBC) and 3% of the TPMT wild-type patients had an intermediate TPMT activity (2.5–8.9 U/ml RBC).ConclusionsThere is a risk for TPMT misclassification when only genotyping or phenotyping is used, but it is not reasonable to check both in all patients. Since TPMT genotyping is the more reliable test, especially in TPMT heterozygotes, we suggest that genotyping should be considered the primary choice for the pre-treatment evaluation of TPMT function before initiation of thiopurine therapy.
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist Appell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A skewed thiopurine metabolism is a common clinical phenomenon that can be successfully managed with a combination of low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Elsevier. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 7:6, s. 510-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: A skewed thiopurine metabolism is a phenomenon associated with both poor treatment response and toxicity. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of this phenomenon and the relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) function. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: All thiopurine metabolite measurements in adult patients (n=4033) between January 2006 and April 2012 were assessed to evaluate the occurrence of a skewed metabolism and the relationship to TPMT genotype and activity. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: A skewed metabolism was observed in 14% of all patients. It only developed in patients with a normal TPMT genotype, but was observed at all TPMT activity levels within the normal range (9.1-24.2 U/ml RBC). Two cases that illustrate typical clinical scenarios of a skewed metabolism and the effect of combination treatment with low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol are presented. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: A skewed metabolism is a common clinical phenomenon in patients with a normal TPMT function, which can develop at all TPMT activity levels within the normal range. We suggest that metabolite measurements should be considered in patients not responding to treatment and in those with hepatotoxicity or myelotoxicity in order to detect a skewed metabolism, since this phenomenon can be successfully managed by a combination of low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol.
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| 8. |
- Lindqvist, Ebba K., et al.
(författare)
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Personal and family history of immune-related conditions increase the risk of plasma cell disorders : a population-based study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 118:24, s. 6284-6291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations between immune-related conditions and multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) have previously been investigated with inconsistent results. In a large population-based study, we identified 19 112 patients with MM, 5403 patients with MGUS, 96 617 matched control subjects, and 262 931 first-degree relatives. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of MM and MGUS with immune-related conditions by use of logistic regression. A personal history of all infections combined was associated with a significantly increased risk of MM (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3), and a personal history of all conditions in the categories infections (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.5-1.7), inflammatory conditions (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5), and autoimmune diseases (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.4) was associated with a significantly increased risk of MGUS. Several specific immune-related conditions elevated the risk of MM and/or MGUS. A family history of autoimmune disease was associated with a significantly increased risk of MGUS (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.00-1.2), but not MM. Our findings suggest that immune-related conditions and/or their treatment are of importance in the etiology of MGUS and possibly MM. The association of both personal and family history of autoimmune disease with MGUS indicates the potential for shared susceptibility for these conditions. (Blood. 2011; 118(24): 6284-6291)
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| 9. |
- Lindqvist, Pelle G, et al.
(författare)
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[Vasa praevia test can save lives in Swedish maternity wards]
- 2011
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 108:4, s. 150-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vasa praevia bleeding is a rare (1:4000) obstetric complication. It is associated with a high risk of fetal death (30% to 70%), but is harmless for the mother. After an investigation of the fatal outcome of a case of vasa praevia that was judged to have been avoidable, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare determined there is methodology available for the diagnosis of fetal (i.e., vasa praevia) bleeding. They concluded that such “methodology should be introduced in all Swedish maternity wards” and subsequently contacted the Swedish Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SFOG) seeking national guidelines in this matter.
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