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- Birgegård, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Change in student attitudes to medical school after the introduction of problem-based learning in spite of low ratings
- 1998
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Ingår i: Medical Education. - : Wiley. - 0308-0110 .- 1365-2923. ; 32:1, s. 46-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students' attitudes to, and opinions of, their studies at medical school were investigated with the help of a questionnaire. They were asked to what extent the medical school encouraged independent, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, decision-making, studying outside the textbook and other behaviours and skills that teachers in higher education usually put forward as important. It was found that students generally had a low opinion of the extent to which their education encouraged such virtues, mean figures ranging between 3.5 and 4.6 on a 10-grade scale. The students felt that their studies to a large extent encouraged focus on details and preparation for examinations. The questionnaire was given to the students after 2 1/2 years of traditional preclinical studies and at the end of the first clinical year. There were significant but numerically small differences for some of the items at the end of the year. However, when problem-based learning (PBL) was introduced during the first clinical year, there was a substantial change: there were now significant and numerically larger differences for seven of the nine items, even though the students were asked to give their opinion of the whole of their time at medical school on both occasions, not only of the last year. There were no other changes in the curriculum or the teaching methods other than the introduction of PBL. The change in attitudes did not depend on the student's appreciation of PBL; students' opinion of PBL was low, indicating that most of them disliked it.
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| 4. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of various models of hyaluronan kinetics for assessment of liver function
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 57:1, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study of various models of hyaluronan kinetics has been to find the most appropriate model for estimation of parameters which characterize liver endothelial cell function. Five theoretical models for serum hyaluronan distribution and elimination were evaluated by computer analysis of serial measurements of the mass concentration of hyaluronan in serum following an intravenous bolus dose. Three of the models were based on one-compartment distribution of intravenously injected hyaluronan. Model 1A, with assumed first-order elimination, was found to be compatible with measured data and had identifiable parameters. Model 1B, with assumed non-linear Michaelis-Menten kinetics, was also found to be compatible but the Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) was not well determined. In model 1C, with non-linear Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics, K(m) was set to a fixed value of 340 micrograms l-1, and the remaining parameters were well determined and the model was found to be compatible. Two models with an assumed two-compartment distribution of intravenously injected hyaluronan, were not acceptable due to unidentified parameters not discriminating between patients and healthy persons. In conclusion, model 1C, with one-compartment distribution and non-linear Michaelis-Menten kinetics, best fulfilled the criteria of validity and was accepted for further evaluation of clinical materials.
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| 5. |
- Lindqvist, Ulla
(författare)
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Is serum hyaluronan a helpful tool in the management of patients with liver diseases?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 242:1, s. 67-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results of serial determinations of serum hyaluronan indicate a prognostic value in progressive liver damage. In primary biliary cirrhosis and in cirrhotic alcoholic liver diseases serum hyaluronan level discriminates between early and advanced disease. In alcoholic liver disease serum hyaluronan can be applied as assessment of haemodynamic changes. Serum hyaluronan is of use as a non-invasive index of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis. A reversible defect in the hyaluronan receptor of the hepatic endothelial cells was suggested following studies on paracetamol-induced acute liver damage. In liver transplantation, graft function can be predicted by determination of the venous effluent of hyaluronan.
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| 6. |
- Roos, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of cartilage matrix metabolism in human joint fluid and serum : the effect of exercise
- 1995
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. - 1063-4584 .- 1522-9653. ; 3:1, s. 7-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentrations of cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan), stromelysin-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and procollagen II C-propeptide in knee joint fluid and the levels of aggrecan, hyaluronan and keratan sulfate in serum were measured before and after exercise in 33 healthy athletes. The samples before exercise were obtained after 24 h rest from running or soccer and the samples after exercise were obtained 30-60 min after the exercise. Nine athletes ran on a treadmill for 60 min, 16 ran on road for 80 min and 8 played one soccer game (90 min). A reference group of 28 patients with knee pain but not evidence of joint pathology or injury was used for comparison. In joint fluid no single marker from the degradative processes in cartilage matrix changed significantly with exercise but all showed a rising trend. All markers except stromelysin showed lower concentrations in athletes at rest compared to the reference group. In serum from runners before exercise the concentration of keratan sulfate was significantly higher than in both the soccer and reference groups and further increased after exercise. The increase in markers after exercise may reflect an effect of mechanical loading in combination with a possible high turnover rate of body cartilage matrix in these individuals.
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| 8. |
- Torsteinsdottir, Ingunn, et al.
(författare)
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Production and elimination of hyaluronan in rheumatoid arthritis patients : estimation with a loading test
- 1999
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Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 28:4, s. 268-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of determining the maximal elimination rate (Vmax) and the endogenous production of hyaluronan (HYA) in relation to the basal HYA concentration (c0) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients; and to evaluate the compatibility of a new model for HYA kinetics, taking renal elimination into separate account in the overall clearance of HYA from the blood. METHODS: The calculations of production and elimination of HYA were based on the HYA loading test, which was performed in 21 patients with RA and 15 healthy controls. A blood sample was drawn before the loading test, followed by an intravenous (i.v.) injection of HYA as a single bolus dose of 7.5 mg. Blood samples were taken regularly during the next 60 minutes. A theoretical model with computational analysis of the data collected was used for calculating HYA production and elimination. RESULTS: Patients with RA had significantly higher c0 than healthy controls, although in 10 of 21 patients c0 was within the normal range. The RA patients also had higher Vmax than healthy controls, but the difference was not significant. The calculated production of HYA was increased in RA patients (P = .001) and correlated with c0 (P < .0001). The new model for HYA kinetics, in which the renal elimination was taken separately into account, proved to be more compatible than the previous model. CONCLUSION: The HYA loading test can help determine whether the increased serum level of HYA in RA patients is due to a high production or reduced elimination of HYA or both.
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| 9. |
- Westerberg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Labelling of polysaccharides using [11C]cyanogen bromide : In vivo and in vitro evaluation of 11C-hyaluronan uptake kinetics
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 22:2, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the 11C-labelling of polysaccharides in high specific radioactivity is described. Dextran and hyaluronan were treated with [11C]cyanogen bromide in aqueous solution at pH 11.5 to give 30-47% radiochemical yields with higher than 98% radiochemical purity in synthesis times of 24-26 min counted from the end of bombardment. Specific radioactivities at the end of synthesis ranged from 0.12 to 3.1 Ci/mumol. The biodistribution kinetics of [11C]hyaluronan injected intravenously was studied in rats by means of positron emission tomography, showing a rapid and displaceable uptake in liver. Uptake and displacement of [11C]hyaluronan was also demonstrated in cultured rat liver endothelial cells.
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