| 1. |
- Bolling, Hans, 1966-
(författare)
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Sin egen hälsas smed : Idéer, initiativ och organisationer inom svensk motionsidrott 1945–1981
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies the spread of sports for all in Sweden during the years 1945 to 1981. The purposes of the dissertation are twofold: in part to survey the forms of physical activities which were launched as sports for all after 1945, in part to answer the question: Why have almost all voluntarily organized sports in Sweden been part of one organization since the 1970s? In order to handle the diversities of activities that can fall within the concept of sport, two principal abstractions of the concept are used: one rigorous and one flexible. Which definition one uses influences how physical activities are organized in a society. Earlier research into the history of the Swedish sports movement has concluded that it has had a relatively high degree of autonomy in relation to the state. This finding is questioned in this dissertation. Sveriges Riksidrottsförbund (RF) was the largest Swedish sports organization throughout the 20th century and at same time the organization the government relied on to develop sports policies and distribute the financial contribution from the state to the sports movement. This means that RF has played two roles, as an umbrella organization within the Swedish sports movement and as leader of the organizations within the Swedish sports movement, popular movement and semi-public authority. The dissertation shows that the two roles, that RF played, have caused conflicts of interest within the organization. That is made plain when one studies the spread of sports for all. Most members of the organization just wanted to practise different sports and were not interested in the leading organization’s desire to promote a great many different kinds of physical acitivites according to a flexible concept of sport. These members were not interested in strengthening the organization’s leading position within sports. There are not many conceptions that are so universally and uncritically accepted as the conception of the connection between physical activity and health. Sports for all came to age in a society where more and more people were told to use part of their leisure time to take part in physical activities. A societal consensus prevailed that the population’s health was on the decline due to the increased standard of living, which was creating an inactive and unhealthy population. This has meant that sports for all have been an asset of power for the sports organizations and that they have fought for authority and control over sports for all; a struggle fought over the language and thoughts as much as over sport activities. Since 1945 large campaigns to get the population to become more physically active irrespective of physical ability have been common.
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| 2. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
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Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
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| 3. |
- Haslum, Rolf, 1929-
(författare)
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Idrott, borgerlig folkfostran och frihet : Torsten Tegnér som opinionsbildare 1930-1960
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to illustrate the opinion former Torsten Tegnér’s view of sport, culture and society, the nature of the influence he exerted primarily through his own professional magazine, Idrottsbladet, a liberal-conservative sports journalist’s attitude in confrontation with other social attitudes and some questions of principle and debates that were topical during the period within Swedish sport. Five thematic chapters demonstrate how Tegnér reacted to developments within sport that were due to social changes.Above all, the research demonstrates that the values he wished to communicate principally dealt with a healthy soul in a healthy body for the benefit and happiness of both the individual and society. Secondly, he wished to convey the culture of the middle classes. In the background, the concept of freedom was a constant overarching ideology. His reactions to the developments can be seen in the light of his passion for sport as beneficial, his family’s combination of liberalism and respect for traditions and their expectations of him, his understanding of democracy and a touch of post-Romanticism. His passion for freedom led to his political involvement against Nazism and Communism in particular.Tegnér’s means of influencing are viewed from a power perspective. As a well-qualified intellectual, by means of a significant symbolic capital, with Idrottsbladet’s position and as ‘a one-man civic educator’, he was one of those who, in the opinion of the philosopher Antonio Gramsci, were particularly important in a social power game. It is particularly interesting that his circle of readers seems to have overwhelmingly consisted of working-class youngsters.
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| 4. |
- Jonsson, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Gas transfer rate and CO2 flux between an unproductive lake and the atmosphere in northern Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 2156-2202. ; 113, s. Art.no. G04006-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the gas transfer rate of CO2 between lake water and the atmosphere present a critical problem for the understanding of lake ecosystem carbon balances and landscape carbon budgets. We present calculations of the gas transfer rate of CO2 from direct measurements of the CO2 flux using an eddy covariance system and concurrent measurements of the concentration of CO2 in the surface water in a lake in boreal zone of northern Sweden. The measured gas transfer rate was different, and in general larger than, rates obtained with the most commonly used models for prediction of the gas transfer rate in lakes. The normalized gas transfer rate (k(600)EC) was well predicted from the wind speed at 10 m height if data were bin classed into wind classes of 1 m/s for winds above 1 m/s. Unbinned data were also correlated to wind speed but also to water temperature, water temperature/air temperature ratio and to incoming photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). These relationships could reflect effects of both physico-chemical reactions and biological activity.
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| 5. |
- Sandahl, Björn
(författare)
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Ett ämne för alla? : Normer och praktik i grundskolans idrottsundervisning 1962-2002
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the physical education in the Swedish compulsory school-system during the period of 1962-2002. The background for the study is an ongoing debate concerning the deteriorating physical health among the Swedish adolescents, a development commonly explained by the decreased amount of physical education provided by the compulsory school-system.The thesis is divided into three empirical parts. The aim of the first part is to compare the physical education on the normative level, as comprehended from the national curriculum, with the practical level, that is the contents of the subject according to the teachers themselves during the period. The aim of the second part is to analyse similarities and differences on the normative and practical level and try to explain them. The thesis also contains a third part, an international study where the Swedish results are compared with the physical education in Germany, England, Denmark, the USSR and the USA during the same period.The result of the comparison shows similarities and differences. The most important similarities concerns the amount of time allocated to the subject and the aims with the education. The normative level exerts a great influence over the practical level regarding the amount of allocated time. Reductions on the normative level have corresponded with changes on the practical level. Regarding the aims of the physical education there seem to exist a mutual consent on the normative and practical level. On both levels the subject has been motivated by the health benefits gained by physical activity. Aesthetic and result-orientated aims were not given any major concern. The greatest difference is that recreational aims are given more concern on practical level than on normative. However, when studying the activities that were recommended on the normative level in comparison to what actually took place, great differences are revealed. While the curriculum recommended a broad range of activities, from different sports to theoretical education, the teachers focused on a narrow range of activities, mainly ball sports, gymnastics and track and field.This results in another question. How could it be that the normative and practical level shows such so great similarities concerning the aims of the subject when the activities that were preferred differed so substantially? In the second part of the study, this question is in focus. The following analysis shows that the normative level in all respects adjusted itself to changes in the society during the second half of the 20th century. The practical level on the other hand did not exhibit any such adjustments. Rather, local factors, as the availability of sports facilities, the direction and intensity of the local sports movement, and the teachers and students own experience of sports proved to be important factors. The conclusion thus is, that while the normative level, the national curriculum, was influenced by changes in society, the practical level, that is the education provided by the physical education-teachers, was influenced by the facilities available and experiences of the participants in the physical education. This also explains the similarities and differences shown in the first part of the study.The result of the third part, the international comparison, shows that the Swedish situation was not unique. In general the results corresponds well with existing research on physical education in Denmark and Germany. These nations have several things in common with Sweden, most importantly the organisation of the national sports movement and a historical gymnastic legacy. This argument is also strengthened by the fact that the other nations studied, England, the USA and the USSR, differed substantially from Sweden concerning the subject of physical education. Neither of these nations has shared the gymnastic legacy nor are the sports movements organized in the same manner as the formerly mentioned nations.Thus, the conclusion of the thesis is that while the curriculum seemed to adjust itself after the changes in society during the second half of the 20th century, the physical education teachers adjusted the education in accordance with their own experience of sport, with the popular local sports and with the availability of facilities in close proximity of the school. As a consequence, major differences regarding the contents of the physical education developed between the normative and the practical level while the aims of the education showed great similarities on both levels.
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| 6. |
- Sjöblom, Paul, 1971-
(författare)
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Den institutionaliserade tävlingsidrotten : Kommuner, idrott och politik i Sverige under 1900-talet
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to describe and analyse the development of the sports movement at a local level during the 20th century, focusing on the relationship between the municipality, in a broad sense, and the sports clubs, as well as on the conditions that have affected this relationship and the effects this has had for the clubs’ structural and cultural configuration.The thesis put forward is that there is a link between the parliamentary and governmental description of sport as socially beneficial, the relative autonomy of the sports movement, the institutionalisation of the municipalities’ sports policy and their involvement in the local sports culture and the expansion of competitive sport within the sports movement led by the Swedish Sports Confederation. The thesis is advanced in the context of a description of the Swedish sports model at the local level, its rise and eventual fall, and through case studies of three municipalities/local communities as well as a total of six sports clubs, all located in what is today Norrtälje municipality some ninety kilometres north of Stockholm.The thesis is generally confirmed. From the perspective of the central state, within the framework of a corporate governance model, it has involved compromising with a strong sports movement and simultaneously gaining legitimacy and support for its sports policy. This has not caused any major problems as the Swedish Sports Confederation, the sports movement’s unitary organisation, has in all important respects developed organised sport in a desirable way, or at least one that the government authorities have been willing to accept in view of services in return. It appears to be the same at a local level. The municipality has rewarded that section of organised sport which has made, in its opinion, the best contribution to producing a both physically and mentally civic educational as well as integrating leisure activity. On the whole this has been applicable to the performance- and result-oriented sport. This type of competitive sport, or rather, the clubs which have run it, have also been expected to be able to assist in managing the range of facilities, in raising the municipality’s PR value, in creating new services and job opportunities and in uniting the inhabitants.
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| 7. |
- Waltersson, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled operations in a strongly correlated two-electron quantum ring
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 79:11, s. 115318-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analyzed the electronic spectrum and wave-function characteristics of a strongly correlated two-electron quantum ring with model parameters close to those observed in experiments. The analysis is based on an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in a large B-spline basis. We propose a qubit pair for storing quantum information, where one component is stored in the total electron spin and one multivalued “quMbit” is represented by the total angular momentum. In this scheme the controlled-NOT quantum gate is demonstrated with near 100% fidelity for a realistic far-infrared electromagnetic pulse.
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