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| 2. |
- Dahlén, Janne, et al.
(författare)
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Fåglar i Norrbottens län förekomst och populationsutveckling 1998-2007
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras förekomst och sentida populationsutveckling hos Norrbottens fåglarunder perioden 1996-2007 (förekomst) eller 1998/2002-2007 (trender). Rapporten bygger pådata från Svensk Fågeltaxerings standardrutter, ett nationellt övervakningsprogram som drivsvid Ekologiska institutionen, Lunds universitet. Projektet ingår i Naturvårdsverkets miljöövervakningssystem.Totalt finns 716 standardrutter i Sverige, 168 av dessa ligger i Norrbottens länoch inventeras som en kombinerad linje- och punktaxering. I denna rapport har endast data frånlinjedelen av inventeringarna använts. Alla rutterna har inventerats minst en gång och i snittså har närmare 60 rutter inventerats årligen i länet sedan 2002, vilket var det år då man ser entydlig ökning i antalet inventerade rutter.Nationellt sett presenteras trender från 1998 och vi har valt att göra på samma sätt i Norrbottenslän för att lätt kunna göra jämförelser med de nationella trenderna. Det är dock många artersom inte observerats i tillräckligt stort antal för att presentera tillförlitliga trender från 1998 (tioår). Vi har därför valt att presentera trender också från 2002 (sex år). Det generella mönstret visarpå att det gått betydligt bättre för fåglarna om 1998 används som startår (genomsnittlig årligökning på 2,6 %) än om man använder 2002 som startår (genomsnittlig årlig minskning på 1,4%). I båda fallen ska man vara medveten om att det endast är korttidstrender och att man därmedska vara försiktig med tolkningen av dessa, särskilt med trenderna beräknade från 2002.Flera olika fågelindikatorer har räknats ut för att spegla den biologiska mångfalden. Varjeindikator visar den genomsnittliga trenden för en grupp arter, vi har använt indikatorerna frånorganisationen European Bird Census Council (EBCC) som nu används som officiella indikatorerinom EU och indikatorerna för de Svenska miljömålen. Indikatorerna från EU, som skaspegla hur det går för de vanliga fåglarna i jordbrukslandskapet och skogen samt övriga vanligafåglar, pekar alla svagt nedåt för Norrbottens län. Minskningarna är dock marginella och intestatistiskt säkerställda.De Svenska miljömålen har fågelindikatorer förEtt rikt odlingslandskap, Levande skogarochStorslagen fjällmiljö, för sistnämnda mål finns två indikatorer. Vanliga jordbruksfåglarvisar på en stabil trend och förLevande skogar är trenden svagt icke signifikant positiv. FörStorslagen fjällmiljövisar trenden för kalfjället på en mer eller mindre stabil situation med betydandevariation mellan åren och indikatorn för fjällbjörkskogen är negativ.Vi har även beräknat trender för rödlistade arter och för arter som tillhör EU:s fågeldirektiv.I båda fallen är det dock för få arter som inräknats med tillräckligt många individer per år för attkomma med i beräkningen för att vi ska rekommendera att dessa samlade trender ska användassom indikatorer för utvecklingen hos grupperna i sin helhet. Trenden för de rödlistade arterna iNorrbotten pekar icke signifikant nedåt, variationen mellan åren är stor. Orsaken till den negativatrenden förklaras till stor del av den kraftiga minskningen hos brushane. Trenden för arteringående i EU: fågeldirektiv i Norrbotten pekar på en svag icke signifikant nedgång med småvariationer mellan åren.För fåglar med olika flyttningsvanor gick det under perioden 2002-2007 bäst för stannfåglaroch kortdistansflyttare som ökade signifikant. Däremot minskade både medel- och långdistansflyttarei antal under samma period.Vadare är ytterligare en grupp som vi har valt att presentera en gemensam trend för, då de ären typisk grupp för de norrländska myrarna och fjällhedarna, figur 1. Trenden för artgruppen är2Figur 1.Ljungpipare, en karaktärsfågel på fjällens myrar och hedar i Norrbottens län.Vi presenterar utbredningskartor med mått på relativ fågeltäthet för alla arter som är observeradepå standardrutterna i Norrbottens län för att ge en geografisk bild över var respektiveart förekommer och i vilka tätheter. Vi presenterar även kartor som visar hur de totala relativatätheterna varierar över länet för alla arter sammantaget, för rödlistade arter och fågeldirektivsarterna.Dessa visar dock inte på några tydliga generella mönster. För artrikedomen finns dockett tydligt mönster som visar på en gradient med de artrikaste rutterna vid kusten och de artfattigastepå kalfjällen i väster. Individrikedomen ser ut att vara som högst i den fjällnära skogenoch på några ställen längs kusten.
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- Dahlström Wester, Maria, 1979-
(författare)
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Aspects of Tumour Targeting : Preclinical Studies on Human Malignant Cells in vitro
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Exclusive eradication of tumour cells causing minimal damage to healthy tissue, a concept referred to as targeting, is an interesting approach to improve the outcome for patients afflicted with cancer.The general aim of this thesis was to highlighten aspects that could be of importance in developing novel treatment regimens based on specific targeting of tumour cells. Two variants of targeting strategies, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) tumour targeting were studied in vitro.In BNCT, the ability of boron-10, 10B, to capture neutrons is utilized. The capture reaction initiate emission of high linear energy transfer (LET) particles which exerts potential damaging effects on exposed cells. A preferential accumulation of at least 10 μg 10B/g tumour tissue is suggested to be required for effective clinical outcome. Here, the accumulation of boronophenylalanine, BPA, was investigated in human glioma, synovial sarcoma, fibroblast and monocytoid cells in vitro. For the purpose of quick and effective separation of extracellular and cell-associated boron, a rapid cell filtration method was developed. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, ICP-AES, was used to analyse the amount of boron associated to the cells.Over-expression of PDGFRs may render the possibility to target certain tumours using PDGF-based conjugates for a specific delivery of cytotoxic agents. PDGF-AA was conjugated to dextran of two different sizes, 10 and 40 kDa, and compared with 125I-radiolabelled PDGF-AA regarding accumulation, retention and localisation in human glioma cells in vitro.A boron concentration of >10 μg 10B/g tumour tissue was found in all human cell lines studied. For the two glioma cell lines, the results extend differences between the two although originating from the same human tumour material. Since fibroblasts and monocytoid cells, here used to represent normal cells, accumulated boron at a clinically relevant amount one may have to consider the role of these cells in/at the tumour site during treatment. Regarding results for the human synovial sarcoma cells, further investigations may state the potential of BNCT as a treatment modality and explore the possibilities of a directed delivery of boron-containing substances to receptors specifically expressed in this malignancy.PDGF-AA-based dextran conjugates, preferentially 10 kDa dextran conjugates, showed in vitro properties that were superior to radiolabelled unconjugated PDGF-AA. A prolonged retention time was observed for the conjugates. Radiolabelled PDGF-AA was mainly determined to be located intracellular but the localisation, internalised or membrane-associated, of radiolabelled conjugates seemed to be dependent on the composition of the conjugate. It is of interest to explore the potential of dextran conjugates carrying toxic substances for therapeutic purpose.
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| 4. |
- Dahlström Wester, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting malignant glioma cells in vitro using platelet-derived growth factor AA-based conjugates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of drug targeting. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1029-2330 .- 1061-186X. ; , s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an unusually aggressive brain tumor; it is also highly heterogeneous. Poor prognosis and a median survival of less than 1 year, using conventional treatment, calls for development of new treatment strategies. Overexpression and/or amplification of platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptors (PDGFalphaRs) in GBM might act as potential targets for a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, conjugates based on PDGFAA-ligand and dextran, of different sizes (10 and 40 kDa dextran), were prepared and investigated regarding targeting properties in vitro. Three human malignant glioma cell lines, U343MGa31L, U343MGaCl2:6, and U563MG, were used because of their previously reported differences in receptor expression and behavior. PDGFAA-based 10 kDa dextran iodine-125 radiolabeled conjugates showed the most favorable properties according to results achieved in accumulation, retention, and localization of cell-associated radioactivity. In comparison with dextran-(125)I-tyrosine delivered radioactivity, the PDGFAA-based dextran conjugates confirm the potential of receptor targeting.
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| 7. |
- Hallbeck, Anna-Lotta, 1967-
(författare)
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Studies of transforming growth factor alpha in normal and abnormal growth
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regulation of growth is of fundamental importance for development of the organism and to maintain health. The induction of cell proliferation and matrix production are influenced by several different signaling systems, most importantly by growth factors.The human HER-family of growth factor ligands and receptors is one of the most studied and, at present, one of the most complex including 4 tyrosine kinase receptors and at least 11 different ligands cooperating in the transfer of signals. The HER-family growth responses are also influenced by other intercellular and extracellular signals, including matrix components, cytokines and hormones mediating e.g. inflammation.HER-1 (EGFR) is one of the best known and most extensively studied growth factor receptors. TGF-alpha is possibly the most potent HER-1 ligand and influences wound healing, epidermal maintenance, gastrointestinal function, lactation, pulmonary function and more. Several studies have shown important regulatory functions for some inflammatory cytokines on TGF-alpha production in white blood cells. HER-1 is widespread in epithelial cells but also in mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, osteogenic and chondrogenic cells. Consequently, many tumors arising from these cell types express HER family members and often show TGF-alpha and/or HER activation. Indeed, mammary cancer development has been shown when over expressing both TGF-alpha and HER-2 in mouse mammary cells in vivo.In recent years the first HER-1 and HER-2 inhibitors have come into clinical practice for treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer and gastrointestinal cancers, sometimes with great success. However, more knowledge is needed concerning the inflammatory regulation of HER-family expression including where and how the ligands and receptors cooperate. Therefore we were interested in studying the role of TGF-alpha in normal and abnormal growth.First we showed that the acute inflammatory cytokine IL-6 regulates TGF-alpha expression in U-937-1 monocytoid cells. Secondly, we detected a possible long-term enhancing influence of singledose UVR on HER-1 expression in normal human melanocytes. We continued thirdly by revealing TGF-alpha production concomitant with HER-2 in normal human synovia and release of soluble TGF-alpha into the synovial fluid. Both TGF-alpha and HER-2 production were significantly increased in inflammatory joint conditions, e.g. RA. Fourthly, we demonstrated expression of TGF-alpha, HER-1 and HER-2 in synovial sarcoma cells in culture; the observed HER-2 phosphorylation was dependent on ligand induced HER-1 activation.The presented results indicate that TGF-alpha expression can be enhanced by acute inflammatory cytokine IL-6, possibly contributing to growth stimulatory effects assigned to IL-6 itself.The acute effects of UVR on melanocytes mediate up-regulated steady-state expression of HER-1, constituting a potential target for locally produced TGF-alpha that may induce melanocyte proliferation.TGF-alpha and HER-2 seem to have a role in the maintenance ofsynovial joint tissues. Upregulation of TGF-alpha and HER-2 in inflammatory joint conditions, e.g. RA, represents a novel mechanism for synovial proliferation contributing to joint deterioration.TGF-alpha, HER1 and HER-2 may have a role in synovial sarcoma proliferation; further investigation is needed to evaluate HER-family inhibitors as a possible treatment alternative in this type of cancer.
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| 9. |
- Hasselquist, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Long flights do not influence immune responses of a long-distance migrant bird: a wind-tunnel experiment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Biology. - : The Company of Biologists. - 1477-9145 .- 0022-0949. ; 210:7, s. 1123-1131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy physical work can result in physiological stress and suppressed immune function. Accordingly, long-distance migrant birds that fly for thousands of km within days can be expected to show immunosuppression, and hence be more vulnerable to infections en route. The red knot Calidris canutus Linnaeus is a long-distance migrant shorebird. We flew red knots the equivalent of 1500 km over 6 days in a wind tunnel. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of the flyers were compared to those of non-flying controls. Humoral immunity was measured as antibody production against injected diphtheria and tetanus antigens, and cell-mediated response as phytohemagglutinin-induced wing-web swelling. Blood corticosterone levels, which may modulate immune function, were measured in parallel. The long flights had no detectable effects on humoral or cell-mediated immune responses, or on corticosterone levels. Thus, flight performance per se may not be particularly stressful or immunosuppressive in red knots. Some birds assigned as flyers refused to fly for extended periods. Before flights started, these non-flyers had significantly lower antibody responses against tetanus than the birds that carried out the full flight program. This suggests that only birds in good physical condition may be willing to take on heavy exercise. We conclude that these long-distance migrants appear well adapted to the work load induced by long flights, enabling them to cope with long flight distances without increased stress levels and suppression of immunity. Whether this also applies in the wild, where the migrating birds may face adverse weather and food conditions, remains to be investigated.
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- Hellgren, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and migratory directions of Scandinavian bluethroats (Luscinia svecica) -a molecular, morphological and stable isotope analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 1600-0587 .- 0906-7590. ; 31:1, s. 95-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedMany species of birds show evidence of secondary contact zones and subspeciation in their Scandinavian distribution range, presumably resulting from different post-glacial recolonization routes. We investigated whether this is the case also in the Scandinavian bluethroat Luscinia svecica, a species that has been suggested to consist of two separate populations: one SW-migrating and long-winged (L. s. gaetkei) breeding in southern Norway, and one shorter-winged ESE-migrating (L. s. svecica) in northern Scandinavia. We sampled males at eleven breeding sites from southern Norway to northernmost Sweden. There were no morphological differences or latitudinal trends within the sample, neither were there any genetic differences or latitudinal trends as measured by variation in AFLP and microsatellite markers. Stable isotope ratios of throat feathers moulted on the wintering grounds showed no, or possibly marginal differences between birds from southern Norway and northern Sweden. We also re-measured old museum skins that in previous studies were classified as L. s. gaetkei, and found marginally longer wings in birds from the southern part of the Scandinavian breeding range. The difference, however, was much smaller than proposed in earlier studies. We conclude that there is no evidence of a genetic population structure among Scandinavian bluethroats that would suggest the presence of a zone of secondary contact. Finally we discuss whether the presumed subspecies gaetkei ever existed.
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