| 1. |
- Chevalier, Mathieu, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in forest bird abundance, community structure and composition following a hurricane in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 42:11, s. 1862-1873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect that extreme natural events have on biological diversity is relatively poorly known. We used a before–after control-impact (BACI) design to analyze changes in bird abundances and communities following Hurricane Gudrun, which struck southern Sweden in January 2005, felling 75 million m3 of forest and causing damage to 5% of forested areas (half a million hectares) in a few hours. We used recent measures of impact in combination with classical BACI contrasts to analyze bird count data from a monitoring program in Sweden. We investigated changes in the abundance of 17 species commonly found in forests, along with changes in species composition and functional structure of the bird community. In total, we considered 34 response variables and examined whether responses were immediate or long-term. There was no evidence of a strong effect of the hurricane on the abundances of six species. Estimates of the effects on five species were too uncertain to draw inferences. We detected positive and negative effects of the hurricane on the abundances of the remaining six species, but the magnitude of effects often was small. Generally, the effects were in the expected direction: negative on birds associated with mature forest and positive on birds associated with open land or young forest. We found evidence of an increase in the proportion of species that nest on the ground and a decrease in the proportion of species that nest in cavities and trees. In contrast, the hurricane had no discernible effect on functional measures of diversity (richness, evenness or divergence), or on communities’ reproductive or morphological characteristics. Our results suggest that the hurricane affected bird populations and communities, but the magnitude of effects was generally small.
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| 2. |
- Debayle, Edouard J.M., et al.
(författare)
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Great Snipes in sub-Saharan Africa : Seasonal patterns of abundance, moult and body mass in relation to age and sex
- 2017
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Ingår i: Wader Study. - : International Wader Study Group. - 2058-8410. ; 124:3, s. 186-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Great Snipes Gallinago media spend about eight months per year in sub-Saharan Africa, but most aspects of their non-breeding ecology are poorly known. We analysed the seasonal pattern of appearance, flight feather moult (primaries and secondaries), and body mass in relation to age and sex, based on 3,247 birds collected by hunters in 1990–2000 in Benin, Gabon, Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Adult males arrived in Africa from mid-August with a suspended flight feather moult. Adult females on average arrived somewhat later, and were about one month behind in the progress of flight feather moult. The adults of both sexes resumed moult immediately upon arrival. Flight feather moult was generally completed by the end of November in males, and end of December in females. Juvenile Great Snipes arrived later than adults and did not moult their flight feathers. The temporal pattern of occurrence at the different study sites suggests a general relocation of snipes from West Africa to Central Africa in October-December. Body masses did not differ between age groups and were generally low from August to February (155–170 g in males and 165–185 g in females). Males apparently departed northwards from late March to late April, and the females about two weeks later. Prior to departure, body mass increased on average with about 50 g (in both sexes), suggesting a departure fuel load of 31–33% above lean body mass. In periods of high and stable mass increase, fuel was deposited at rates of about 0.8–1.3 g/d (or 0.5–0.8% of lean body mass/d). The heaviest males and females had a total body mass of 242 and 250 g, respectively. This kind of traditional natural history data forms an important complement to the new type of data emerging from modern tracking techniques.
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| 3. |
- Ekström, Eva-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on metabolic status of the offspring at 4.5 years of age. The MINIMat randomized trial in rural Bangladesh.
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 45:5, s. 1656-1667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Fetal nutritional insults may alter the later metabolic phenotype. We hypothesized that early timing of prenatal food supplementation and multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) would favourably influence childhood metabolic phenotype.METHODS: Pregnant women recruited 1 January to 31 December 2002 in Matlab, Bangladesh, were randomized into supplementation with capsules of either 30 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid, 60 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid, or MMS containing a daily allowance of 15 micronutrients, and randomized to food supplementation (608 kcal) either with early invitation (9 weeks' gestation) or usual invitation (at 20 weeks). Their children (n = 1667) were followed up at 4.5 years with assessment of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress.RESULTS: Children in the group with early timing of food supplementation had lower cholesterol (difference -0.079 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.156; -0.003), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (difference -0.068 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.126; -0.011) and ApoB levels (difference -0.017 g/l, 95% CL -0.033; -0.001). MMS supplementation resulted in lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (difference -0.028 mmol/l, 95% CL -0.053; -0.002), lower glucose (difference -0.099 mmol/l, 95% CL -0.179; -0.019) and lower insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (difference on log scale -0.141 µg/l, 95% CL -0.254; -0.028) than 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid. There were no effects on markers of inflammation or oxidative stress.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that in a population where malnutrition is prevalent, nutrition interventions during pregnancy may modify the metabolic phenotype in the young child that could have consequences for later chronic disease risks.
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| 4. |
- Fraixedas, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial decline of Northern European peatland bird populations : Consequences of drainage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207. ; 214, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Northern European peatlands are important habitats for biological conservation because they support rich biodiversity and unique species compositions. However, historical management of peatland habitats has had negative consequences for biodiversity and their degradation remains a major conservation concern. Despite increasing awareness of the conservation value of peatlands, the statuses and ecological requirements of peatland species have remained largely understudied. Here, we first analysed temporal trends of Northern European peatland birds to document the status of their populations using bird data from five different countries. Second, we used Finnish monitoring data to assess habitat preferences of peatland bird species, hence helping to target conservation to the most relevant habitat types. There was a general decline of 40% in Northern European peatland bird population sizes in 1981–2014 (speed of decline 1.5%/year) largely driven by Finland, where populations declined almost 50% (2.0% annual decline). In Sweden and Norway, peatland bird populations declined by 20% during 1997–2014 (1.0% annual decline). In contrast, southern populations in Estonia and Latvia, where the majority of open peatlands are protected, showed a 40% increase during 1981–2014 (1.0% annual increase). The most important habitat characteristics preferred by common peatland species in Finland were openness and low tree height, while wetness proved to be an important feature for waders. Drainage of peatlands had clear negative effects on the densities of many species, with the only exception of rustic bunting, which specializes on edge habitats. Our findings call for more effective conservation actions in Northern European peatland habitats, especially in Finland where peatland drainage represents a major threat to biodiversity.
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| 5. |
- Gamero, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Progress Toward EU Biodiversity Strategy Targets : EU Policy Effects in Preserving its Common Farmland Birds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Conservation Letters. - : Wiley. - 1755-263X. ; 10:4, s. 395-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximizing the area under biodiversity-related conservation measures is a main target of the European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. We analyzed whether agrienvironmental schemes (AES) within EU common agricultural policy, special protected areas for birds (SPAs), and Annex I designation within EU Birds Directive had an effect on bird population changes using monitoring data from 39 farmland bird species from 1981 to 2012 at EU scale. Populations of resident and short-distance migrants were larger with increasing SPAs and AES coverage, while Annex I species had higher population growth rates with increasing SPAs, indicating that SPAs may contribute to the protection of mainly target species and species spending most of their life cycle in the EU. Because farmland birds are in decline and the negative relationship of agricultural intensification with their population growth rates was evident during the implementation of AES and SPAs, EU policies seem to generally attenuate the declines of farmland bird populations, but not to reverse them.
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| 6. |
- Green, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Häckande fåglar i fjällen : Resultat och trender för perioden 2002 - 2014
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Här rapporterar vi om utvecklingen för häckande fåglar i de svenska fjällen under perioden 2002-2014. Detta baserat på resultat från Svensk Fågeltaxerings (SFT:s) standardrutter i fjällen samt samma typ av data från LUVRE-projektet i Vindelfjällen (Västerbottens län), Ånnsjöns fågelstations fjällrutter (Jämtlands län), samt Länsstyrelsen i Dalarnas egna fjällrutter (Dalarnas län).Vi redovisar trender för samtliga enskilda arter där det går att beräkna trender för denna period samt för grupper av arter, indikatorer. De indikatorer som redovisas är miljömålsindikatorerna kopplade till kvalitetsmålen Storslagen fjällmiljö (Häckande fåglar i fjällen) och Begränsad klimatpåverkan (Klimat och häckande fåglar). Vi presenterar också förslag på en ny indikator som vi kallar Fjällfåglar. Trender och indikatorer presenteras både för hela den svenska fjällkedjan samt för fjällområdet i varje enskilt län separat.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Green, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning av fåglarnas populationsutveckling. Årsrapport för 2014.
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2014 include data from: 599 winter point count routes in 2013/2014 (39th winter), of which 294 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count, 254 summer point count routes (40th year) and 505 Fixed routes (19th year). In the programme for covering night-active birds (5th season), 121 routes were covered at three occasions each (March, April and June). Population trends were analyzed using TRIM and trends for 202 different species are presented. The geographical distributions of the covered routes are also presented (Fig. 1). Large mammals are counted on the Night routes and the Fixed routes since 2010 and 2011, respectively. In the Christmas/New Year count 2013/2014, about 170,000 individuals of 136 species were counted by 235 observers. On the point count routes in summer 2014, about 97,000 birds of 212 species were counted by 154 observers. From the Fixed routes 136,000 birds of 223 species were reported by 235 persons. The Night routes yielded a little more than 10,000 birds of 43 species, counted by 112 observers. Trend graphs for a large number of species are presented in Figs. 9 and 10. More graphs and indices can be found on the homepage (address below, new since 2014). About 4000 mammals were counted (all surveys together), the most common being Roe Deer, Moose, Red Fox, Fallow Deer and European Hare. Over the last 10 years, the most pronounced declines (at least 5 % per year) are found in Sand Martin, Willow Grouse, Coot, Greenfinch, Greater Black-backed Gull, Starling, Pheasant, Common Eider, Goldeneye and Canada Goose, with declines from -12.1 % per year in Sand Martin to -5.1 % per year in Canada Goose. The strongest increases the same period are found in Chiffchaff (spp. collybita), Ring Ouzel, Ringed Plover, Goldfinch, Cormorant, Chiffchaff (spp. abietinus), Wryneck, Kestrel, Blackcap and Redshank, with increases from 16.9 % per year in the southern Chiffchaff to 5.1 % per year in Redshank. When analyzing trends for groups of species, based on their phylogeny, habitat preferences or regional occurrence, the last decade have seen particularly declining numbers in ducks, grouse and sparrows, farmland and montane birds, as well as in birds in western and northern Sweden. A more positive picture can be found in divers/grebes and warblers, as well as in birds from southern and eastern Sweden.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Green, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning av fåglarnas populationsutveckling : Årsrapport för 2016
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present the results of the Swedish Bird Survey, run by the Department of Biology, Lund University, as a part of the National Monitoring Programme of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The results for 2016 include data from: 565 winter point counts in 2015/2016 (41st winter), of which 281 were carried out during the Christmas/New Year count, 249 summer point count routes (42nd year) and 493 Fixed routes (21st year). In the programme for covering night-active birds (7th season), 148 routes were covered at three occasions each (March, April and June). The new monitoring systems for wetland birds and archipelago birds that were launched in 2015 continued in 2016. As many as 273 wetland routes and 184 archipelago squares of 2 x 2 km2 were surveyed. Population trends were analyzed using TRIM and trends for 198 different species are presented. The geographical distributions of the covered routes are also presented (Fig. 1). Larger mammals are counted on the Night routes and the Fixed routes since 2010 and 2011, respectively and we can now present short-term trends for 12 mammal species based on these two systems. In the Christmas/New Year count 2015/2016, about 156,000 individuals of 139 species were counted by 225 observers. On the point count routes in summer 2016, about 85,000 birds of 204 species were counted by 149 observers. From the Fixed routes 138,000 birds of 220 species were reported by 234 persons. The Night routes yielded a little more than 11,000 birds of 45 species, counted by 126 observers. Trend graphs for a large number of species are presented in Figs. 10–12. More graphs and indices can be found on the homepage (address below). More than 6400 mammals were counted (all surveys together), the most common being Roe Deer, Fallow Deer, European Hare, Wild Boar, Red Fox and Moose. Almost 60,000 birds of 95 selected species were counted in different forms of wet habitats. Within the system for archipelago birds, more than 95 000 birds of 66 selected species were registered in 2016. Over the last 10 years, the most pronounced declines are found in Ortolan Bunting, Hazel Grouse, Greenfinch, crossbill sp., Black Grouse, Lesser Whitethroat, Pheasant, Yellowhammer and Starling. The strongest increases during the same period are found in Common redpoll (spp. cabaret), Ptarmigan, Chiffchaff (spp. collybita), Kestrel, Goldfinch, Hawfinch, Redshank, Chiffchaff (spp. abietinus), Bullfinch and Whooper Swan. When analyzing trends for groups of species, based on their phylogeny and habitat preferences, the last decade has seen particularly declining numbers in waterfowl, grouse and sparrows, birds of farmland and mountain birch forest.
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