| 1. |
- Indén, Tobias, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Överprövningar av offentliga upphandlingar : En intervjustudie om skillnader mellan LOU och LUF
- 2014
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie är att analysera möjliga förklaringar till att upphandlingarsom görs enligt Lagen (2007:1092) om offentlig upphandling inom områdenavatten, energi, transporter och posttjänster (LUF) tycks föranleda en mindre andelöverprövningar än upphandlingar som görs enligt Lagen (2007:1091) om offentligupphandling (LOU). Den senare lagstiftningen är tillämplig på offentliga upphandlingarav tjänster, varor och byggentreprenader som inte faller under de områdensom anges i LUF (se ovan).Tillgänglig statistik visar att överprövning är mer vanligt förekommande blandupphandlingar som regleras av LOU. Detta förhållande kvarstår med hänsyn tagentill att det är mer vanligt att upphandla enligt LOU än LUF. För att belysa möjligaförklaringar till detta har 28 intervjuer genomförts med beställare/upphandlare frånstatliga och kommunala organ samt med företrädare för leverantörer från olikabranscher.Utgångspunkterna för intervjuerna har varit frågor relaterade till upphandlingssituationen(t.ex. organisation och kompetens), juridiska faktorer (t.ex. förhandlingsmöjligheter)samt leverantörernas syn på upphandling (t.ex. överprövningsom affärsstrategi).Intervjuerna ger vid handen att en avgörande anledning till att upphandlingarenligt LUF överprövas i mindre utsträckning än upphandlingar enligt LOU är detmer omfattande förhandlingsutrymme som till skillnad från LOU finns i LUF. Frånupphandlarsidan menar de intervjuade att förhandling förebygger och ger möjlighetatt hantera missförstånd och felaktigheter under upphandlingens gång. Dettaanses minska risken för att en leverantör upplever sig felbehandlad eller upphandlingensom illa genomförd. En annan intressant iakttagelse är att de intervjuadeupphandlarna beskriver att de branscher som upphandlas enligt LOU i högreutsträckning präglas av en ”överprövningskultur”. Av de intervjuade nämner fleraatt LUF-upphandlingar ofta är mer komplexa och att myndigheter som upphandlarunder LUF därför håller sig med upphandlare med hög marknadsspecifikkompetens. En sådan lösning är något som skulle vara mer resurskrävande förkommunala organ, då de ofta förfogar över en i högre grad diversifieradupphandlingsportfölj.
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| 2. |
- Lindström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between oxidative parameters in pregnancy and birth anthropometry in a cohort of women and children in rural Bangladesh : The MINIMat-cohort
- 2012
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Ingår i: Free radical research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1071-5762 .- 1029-2470. ; 46:3, s. 253-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress is suggested as a potential mechanism in impaired foetal growth, smaller birth size and thus subsequently adult chronic diseases. We have investigated associations between oxidative stress in pregnancy and birth anthropometry (weight, height, head and chest circumferences). In the MINIMat-trial (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions, Matlab) in rural Bangladesh, free 8-iso-prostaglandin P-2 alpha (lipid peroxidation) was analysed in pregnancy week 14 and 30 and 8-Hydroxy-2 '-Deoxyguanosine (DNA oxidation) in week 19. We found that higher levels of lipid peroxidation in early pregnancy were associated with larger infant size (birth length and chest circumference). In late pregnancy, no clear pattern of associations was found. Increasing level of DNA oxidation was associated with lower birth length in girls but no other associations were found. In conclusion, a higher level of lipid peroxidation in early (but not late) pregnancy was associated with a favourable larger birth size suggesting that timing of lipid peroxidation is of importance.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lindström, Emma, 1978-
(författare)
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Nutrition and Oxidative Parameters in Pregnancy, Size at Birth and Metabolic Status of the Offspring at 4.5 Years : The MINIMat Trial in Rural Bangladesh
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undernutrition and oxidative stress in fetal life and infancy may lead to adverse health outcomes in the offspring. We studied nutrition and oxidative parameters in pregnancy and their associations with birth anthropometry and metabolic status in the children.In Matlab in rural Bangladesh, women were randomized to either early (Early) invitation to food supplementation or to start at their own liking (Usual). Women were also allocated to either; 1) 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid (Fe60F), 2) multiple micronutrients including 30 mg iron and folic acid (MMS), or 3) 30 mg iron and folic acid (Fe30F). Micronutrients (hemoglobin, iron, zinc, folic acid, vitamin B-12) were assessed in pregnancy week 14, lipid peroxidation in week 14 and 30, and DNA oxidation in week 19. The offspring were assessed for anthropometric measurements at birth and metabolic status at 4.5 years.Micronutrient deficiencies were common with zinc and vitamin B-12 deficiency being most prevalent. Anemia was present in approximately one third of women, however, iron deficiency was uncommon seen in only 2%.Maternal Early food supplementation group resulted in an improved lipid status in the children at 4.5 years compared to Usual food group. Prenatal use of MMS lowered the children’s glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and growth factors compared to Fe60F. Lipid peroxidation in early pregnancy was associated with size at birth and insulin and HOMA-IR levels in the children. Lipid peroxidation in late pregnancy, however, was associated with the children’s lipid status. Both increasing lipid peroxidation and increasing DNA oxidation was associated with decreasing IGF-1 levels. The beneficial effects of an Early start of food supplementation show that an improved prenatal nutrition may have lasting effects in the offspring and highlights the importance of early timing food supplementation. Use of MMS, however, resulted in lower insulin levels, which, considering the already low level of insulin in these children, may be a cause of concern. MMS also resulted in growth factors indicative of slower growth and further research appears to be needed before scaling up the use of MMS. Oxidative parameters in pregnancy were associated with longer-term outcomes in the offspring, suggesting that oxidative stress may be involved in the development of later metabolic disease.
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| 5. |
- Lindström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, the MINIMat trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:1, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To describe the prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies as well as their determinants in early pregnancy. Design. Baseline data from a population-based randomized intervention trial. Setting. The study was conducted in Mat lab, a sub-district in rural Bangladesh from 1 January to 31 December 2002. Population. Pregnant women (n = 740) were enrolled in approximately week 14 in pregnancy. Methods. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory analyses of blood samples for concentrations of hemoglobin, ferritin, zinc, folate and vitamin B-12. Main Outcome Measures. Covariates associated with anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in bivariate analyses were evaluated in multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Results. Anemia was present in 28% of the women, 55% were zinc deficient, 46% were vitamin B-12 deficient and 18% were folate deficient. Anemia was not associated with iron deficiency but rather with vitamin B-12 deficiency. Infestation with Ascaris was highly prevalent (67%) and associated with both folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency. Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies all varied significantly with season. Conclusions. The high prevalences of zinc and vitamin B-12 deficiencies in early pregnancy are a concern, as it could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased health risks for both mother and child. The prevalence of iron deficiency was low, but as this was during early pregnancy, the women might develop iron deficiency and consequently iron deficiency anemia as the pregnancy progresses.
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| 6. |
- Lindström, Eva S., et al.
(författare)
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The interplay between bacterial community composition and the environment determining function of inland water bacteria
- 2010
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590 .- 1939-5590. ; 55:5, s. 2052-2060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that habitats differing in water flow regime would differ in bacterial function either because of differences in the local environment, in bacterial community composition (BCC), or in the mechanism shaping BCC (community assembly). In 20 lakes and 17 inlet streams BCC was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA, and bacterial function was estimated as bacterial production rate (BP, measured as leucine incorporation) per content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (BP : DOC). BCC in both lakes and streams appeared to be shaped by local environmental forces (i.e., species sorting according to metacommunity theory), but not by massive introduction of cells from the drainage area (mass effect). BP : DOC was lower in streams than in lakes, which appeared to be both because of differences in BCC and environment between lakes and streams, independent of each other. We found no support for an effect of water flow regime in itself (i.e., cell dispersal rate) causing the lower functionality of the streams. In streams, BP : DOC was correlated to both BCC and environment, independent of each other, while in lakes function could not be explained by either BCC or environment. The greater environmental variability among our streams than among our lakes may be the cause for the stronger BCC-function coupling in our streams, since smaller environmental variation among our lakes would allow a greater functional redundancy.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Using PCA and Global Smoothing to Explore Differences between Global Vegetation Models
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 58th World Statistics Congress of the International Statistical Institute (ISI 2011). - 9789073592339 ; , s. 3946-3952
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A common method for comparing the result of different global circulation models (GCMs) under different emission scenarios is to study global climate response variables, such as mean temperature. An interesting alternative measure of climate sensitivity is to study the biosphere’s response to the different climate scenarios. The Lund-Postdam-Jena (LPJ) global vegetation model and its extension LPJ-GUESS is a dynamic global vegetation model that can be coupled to GCMs and used to explore the effect of varying climates on vegetation and carbon uptake. Using the output from different GCMs under different emission scenarios LPJ-GUESS can be used to generate global vegetation and carbon uptake patterns that are specific to each forcing climate scenario. We investigate if important regional and global differences exist between the vegetation patterns from different GCMs and emission scenarios. An important question is if potential differences are primarily due to the different emission scenarios or to the different GCMs. In order for us to carry out the above analysis we need to both reduce the noise in the LPJ-GUESS predictions and reduce the vast amount of data. To accomplish both these goals we compute smooth principal components. A problem when computing the PCA and the smoothing is that LPJ-GUESS output is generated on a regular longitude-latitude grid, implying that both the size and distance between grid cells vary. To handle this irregular data on a sphere we use a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) approximation of Thin Plate Splines (TPS) that generalises the TPS to general manifolds (such as a sphere). The well known computational advantages of GMRFs greatly aids the analysis, given the large amount of data obtained from LPJ-GUESS.
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with Non-AS Axial SpA Have Similar Prevalence Compared to AS, but Worse Perceived Health. Results from a Population Based Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Books. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 72:Suppl. 3, s. A667-A668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is emerging as a treatable disease comparable to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but less well studied. Previous studies have described a reversed gender distribution, with AS being more prevalent in the male population and non-radiographic axial SpA more prevalent in the female population. Recent studies have also indicated a similar benefit from treatment with TNF-inhibitors.Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-radiographic axial SpA and compare the patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) to that of AS, in Southern Sweden.Methods: All health care seeking individuals, ≥18 years, given a SpA-diagnosis, according to the ICD-10 (M45.9, M072, M460, M461, M468, M469, M074, M705 and L405 or M071 or M073), either in primary or specialized care, (N = 5771), during 2003 - 2007, were identified through the regional health care register in Skåne, a county in Southern Sweden with 1.2 million inhabitants (SpAScania cohort). In 2009 they were all sent a questionnaire (response rate; 48%), including questions concerning inflammatory back pain (IBP), the SpA-associated comorbidities constituting the ASAS-criteria (IBD, Ps, Uveitis/tendinitis, heredity), PROMS (BAS-indices, VAS-pain/fatigue/global, EQ5D) and previous/current medication.Non-AS axial SpA was defined as having an ICD10 code supporting a diagnosis of SpA without having one of AS (M45.9), in combination with > 3 months of back pain the last year and the presence of ≥2 of the SpA associated comorbidities. Record review support the notion of using AS as a substitute for radiographic changes. For the “non imaging arm” of the ASAS criteria for axial disease, we used the ICD10 codes above as a substitute for HLA-B27 status. Assuming similar answers from the questionnaire non-responders, prevalence rates were estimated for non-AS axial SpA and AS.Results: Among responders 742 had an AS-diagnosis and 640 fulfilled the study criteria for non-AS axial SpA. The frequency of men was 60.5% in the AS group and 29.5% in the non-AS axial SpA group. The prevalence of AS was 0.13% (95% CI; 0.115-0.148) and for non-AS axial SpA 0.11 % (95% CI; 0.096-0.130), with a reverse gender distribution. The means of the PROMs and frequency of comorbidities were higher in the non-AS axial SpA vs both the AS, and the subgroup of AS individuals reporting back pain (BP) > 3months during the last year. Self-reported present use of TNF-inhibitors were similar between the groups (Image 1).Conclusions: Prevalence rates for AS and non-AS axial SpA were similar, with a reverse gender distribution. The results suggest that at a population level the proportion with non-AS axial SpA is at least as large as that of AS and report lower levels of perceived health status and similar frequencies of SpA-related comorbidities (except psoriasis) and treatment with TNF-inhibitors, supporting the validity for the used definition in future research.Disclosure of Interest: None Declared
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| 9. |
- Östman, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of space and the local environment for linking local and regional abundances of microbes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Aquatic Microbial Ecology. - : Inter-Research Science Center. - 0948-3055 .- 1616-1564. ; 67:1, s. 35-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is frequently observed that the local relative abundances of aquatic microbial taxa are correlated with their average relative abundance at the regional scale, which results in the composition of different communities being more similar than expected by chance or invariant. The degree to which communities within a region match the regional average community is variable and likely depends on several different mechanisms that control the process of microbial community assembly. Here, we show that environmental variables were associated with the community specific degree of regional invariance in 9 of 10 datasets of microbial communities in aquatic systems, being the main set of variables explaining differences in regional invariance in 5 of them. This indicates that variation in local environmental conditions across a region reduces the degree of regional invariance amongst communities. Spatial distances between communities were not related to the degrees of regional invariance, but in 7 of the datasets, regional invariance differed among different parts of the regions, particularly for phytoplankton communities. This suggests an influence of spatial or historical processes on the community specific degree of regional invariance. We conclude that both local environmental conditions and spatial/historical processes cause between-site differences in the degree of invariance between local and regional abundances in aquatic microbial metacommunities. We argue that studies of regional invariance can be an important complement to other statistical methods due to its propensity to detect variation in stochastic processes along gradients.
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| 10. |
- Östman, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Regional invariance among microbial communities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 13:1, s. 118-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial ecology has focused much on causes of between-site variation in community composition. By analysing five data-sets each of aquatic bacteria and phytoplankton, we demonstrated that microbial communities show a large degree of similarity in community composition and that abundant taxa were widespread, a typical pattern for many metazoan metacommunities. The regional abundance of taxa explained on average 85 and 41% of variation in detection frequency and 58 and 31% of variation in local abundances for bacteria and phytoplankton, respectively. However, regional abundance explained less variation in local abundances with increasing environmental variation between sites within data-sets. These findings indicate that the studies of microbial assemblages need to consider similarities between communities to better understand the processes underlying the assembly of microbial communities. Finally, we propose that the degree of regional invariance can be linked to the evolution of microbes and the variation in ecosystem functions performed by microbial communities.
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