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| 2. |
- Elsir, T., et al.
(författare)
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PROX1 is a predictor of survival for gliomas WHO grade II
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 104:11, s. 1747-1754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:The clinical course of World Health Organisation grade II gliomas remains variable and their time point of transformation into a more malignant phenotype is unpredictable. Identification of biological markers that can predict prognosis in individual patients is of great clinical value. PROX1 is a transcription factor that has a critical role in the development of various organs. PROX1 has been ascribed both oncogenic and tumour suppressive functions in human cancers. We have recently shown that PROX1 may act as a diagnostic marker for high-grade gliomas. The aim of this study was to address the prognostic value of PROX1 in grade II gliomas.Methods:A total of 116 samples were evaluated for the presence of PROX1 protein. The number of immunopositive cells was used as a variable in survival analysis, together with established prognostic factors for this patient group.Results:Higher PROX1 protein was associated with poor outcome. In the multivariate analysis, PROX1 was identified as an independent factor for survival (P=0.024), together with the presence of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 R132H protein, and with combined losses of chromosomal arms 1p/19q in oligodendrocytic tumours.Conclusion:PROX1 is a novel predictor of survival for grade II gliomas.
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| 3. |
- Foukakis, T., et al.
(författare)
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When to order a biopsy to characterise a metastatic relapse in breast cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 23, s. 349-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer is usually based on radiological findings, and therapeutic decisions are made by considering the pathological characteristics and predictive markers of the primary tumour. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumour characteristics, including estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are unstable through tumour progression. Several retrospective studies and, recently, two prospective studies have investigated the discrepancies in receptor status between primary tumours and the corresponding metastases in a total of 1773 patients (for ER) and 2845 patients (for HER2). Changes in ER and HER2 status in these studies range from 14.5% to 40% and from 0% to 37.5%, respectively. In the two prospective studies, a different diagnosis, usually non-malignant, was obtained in 3% and 9% of the cases, and the biopsy led to a treatment modification in about one out of seven patients. Here, we review and discuss the currently available data and provide our recommendations on when a metastatic biopsy should be obtained.
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| 4. |
- Ankerfors, M., et al.
(författare)
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The use of microfibrillated cellulose in high filler fine papers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pap. Conf. Trade Show, PaperCon. - 9781627489669 ; , s. 1129-1132
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of communication, printing and writing papers has become an increasingly competitive field during the latest years as the market demand of printing and writing papers and newsprint has finally started to decline in the developed economies. One obvious approach to stay competitive is to increase the filler content of such papers. High filler paper is not a new idea and numerous approaches have been tested over the years to produce such papers. In order to reach industrial implementation, pilot-scale research and development under industrial conditions is necessary as a step after laboratory studies. Therefore an environment has been developed in order to perform projects targeting existing technologies for high filler applications as well as the new possibilities incurred by e.g. microfibrillated cellulose.
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| 5. |
- Buhnerkempe, Michael G., et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Movements and Animal Density on Continental Scale Cattle Disease Outbreaks in the United States
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. 0091724-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globalization has increased the potential for the introduction and spread of novel pathogens over large spatial scales necessitating continental-scale disease models to guide emergency preparedness. Livestock disease spread models, such as those for the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the United Kingdom, represent some of the best case studies of large-scale disease spread. However, generalization of these models to explore disease outcomes in other systems, such as the United Statess cattle industry, has been hampered by differences in system size and complexity and the absence of suitable livestock movement data. Here, a unique database of US cattle shipments allows estimation of synthetic movement networks that inform a near-continental scale disease model of a potential FMD-like (i.e., rapidly spreading) epidemic in US cattle. The largest epidemics may affect over one-third of the US and 120,000 cattle premises, but cattle movement restrictions from infected counties, as opposed to national movement moratoriums, are found to effectively contain outbreaks. Slow detection or weak compliance may necessitate more severe state-level bans for similar control. Such results highlight the role of large-scale disease models in emergency preparedness, particularly for systems lacking comprehensive movement and outbreak data, and the need to rapidly implement multi-scale contingency plans during a potential US outbreak.
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| 7. |
- Hamalainen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Papermaking fibre-suspension flow simulations at multiple scales
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Engineering Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-0833 .- 1573-2703. ; 71:1, s. 55-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Papermaking flows are extremely challenging for modelling and simulation, if one accepts their full complexity. A wide range of particles, including fibres, fibre fragments (fines) and fillers (non-organic particles), flow and interact with each other in a non-dilute suspension, a complex geometry and at a high flow rate. Different simulation approaches are reviewed from particle-level simulations, through meso-scale simulations to the full flow geometry of the papermaking line. Their application to papermaking and potential to provide fundamental understanding as well as direct process-optimization support are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Klein, Alison P., et al.
(författare)
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An absolute risk model to identify individuals at elevated risk for pancreatic cancer in the general population.
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We developed an absolute risk model to identify individuals in the general population at elevated risk of pancreatic cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using data on 3,349 cases and 3,654 controls from the PanScan Consortium, we developed a relative risk model for men and women of European ancestry based on non-genetic and genetic risk factors for pancreatic cancer. We estimated absolute risks based on these relative risks and population incidence rates.RESULTS: Our risk model included current smoking (multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 2.20 [1.84-2.62]), heavy alcohol use (>3 drinks/day) (OR: 1.45 [1.19-1.76]), obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m(2)) (OR: 1.26 [1.09-1.45]), diabetes >3 years (nested case-control OR: 1.57 [1.13-2.18], case-control OR: 1.80 [1.40-2.32]), family history of pancreatic cancer (OR: 1.60 [1.20-2.12]), non-O ABO genotype (AO vs. OO genotype) (OR: 1.23 [1.10-1.37]) to (BB vs. OO genotype) (OR 1.58 [0.97-2.59]), rs3790844(chr1q32.1) (OR: 1.29 [1.19-1.40]), rs401681(5p15.33) (OR: 1.18 [1.10-1.26]) and rs9543325(13q22.1) (OR: 1.27 [1.18-1.36]). The areas under the ROC curve for risk models including only non-genetic factors, only genetic factors, and both non-genetic and genetic factors were 58%, 57% and 61%, respectively. We estimate that fewer than 3/1,000 U.S. non-Hispanic whites have more than a 5% predicted lifetime absolute risk.CONCLUSION: Although absolute risk modeling using established risk factors may help to identify a group of individuals at higher than average risk of pancreatic cancer, the immediate clinical utility of our model is limited. However, a risk model can increase awareness of the various risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including modifiable behaviors.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, S. B., et al.
(författare)
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Structures, stresses, and fluctuations in the delayed failure of colloidal gels
- 2012
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 8:13, s. 3657-3664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sample-spanning networks of aggregated colloidal particles have a finite stiffness and deform elastically when subjected to a small shear stress. After some period of creep, these gels ultimately suffer catastrophic failure. This delayed yielding is governed by the association and dissociation dynamics of interparticle bonds and the strand structure of the gel. We derive a model which connects the kinetics of the colloids to the erosion of the strand structure and ultimately to macroscopic failure. Importantly, this model relates time-to-failure of the gel to an applied static stress. Model predictions are in quantitative agreement with experiments. It is predicted that the strand structure, characterized by its mesh size and strand coarseness, has a significant impact on delay time. Decreasing the mesh size or increasing the strand thickness makes colloidal gels more resilient to delayed yielding. The quench and flow history of gels modify their microstructures. Our experiments show that a slow quenching increases the delay time due to the coarsening of the strands; by contrast, preshear reduces the delay time, which we explain by the increased mesh size as a result of shear-induced fracture of strands.
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