| 1. |
- Benselfelt, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemically Controlled Hydrogels with Electrotunable Permeability and Uniaxial Actuation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unique properties of hydrogels enable the design of life-like soft intelligent systems. However, stimuli-responsive hydrogels still suffer from limited actuation control. Direct electronic control of electronically conductive hydrogels can solve this challenge and allow direct integration with modern electronic systems. An electrochemically controlled nanowire composite hydrogel with high in-plane conductivity that stimulates a uniaxial electrochemical osmotic expansion is demonstrated. This materials system allows precisely controlled shape-morphing at only -1 V, where capacitive charging of the hydrogel bulk leads to a large uniaxial expansion of up to 300%, caused by the ingress of & AP;700 water molecules per electron-ion pair. The material retains its state when turned off, which is ideal for electrotunable membranes as the inherent coupling between the expansion and mesoporosity enables electronic control of permeability for adaptive separation, fractionation, and distribution. Used as electrochemical osmotic hydrogel actuators, they achieve an electroactive pressure of up to 0.7 MPa (1.4 MPa vs dry) and a work density of & AP;150 kJ m-3 (2 MJ m-3 vs dry). This new materials system paves the way to integrate actuation, sensing, and controlled permeation into advanced soft intelligent systems. The unique properties of hydrogels enable the design of life-like soft intelligent systems. This work demonstrates how the swelling of hydrogels from cellulose nanofibrils and carbon nanotubes can be electrochemically controlled to achieve electrochemical osmotic actuation. This new materials system paves the way for integrated actuation, sensing, and controlled permeation in electrotunable separation membranes or soft actuators.image
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| 2. |
- Benselfelt, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemically Controlled Hydrogels with Electrotunable Permeability and Uniaxial Actuation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unique properties of hydrogels enable the design of life-like soft intelligent systems. However, stimuli-responsive hydrogels still suffer from limited actuation control. Direct electronic control of electronically conductive hydrogels can solve this challenge and allow direct integration with modern electronic systems. An electrochemically controlled nanowire composite hydrogel with high in-plane conductivity that stimulates a uniaxial electrochemical osmotic expansion is demonstrated. This materials system allows precisely controlled shape-morphing at only −1 V, where capacitive charging of the hydrogel bulk leads to a large uniaxial expansion of up to 300%, caused by the ingress of ≈700 water molecules per electron–ion pair. The material retains its state when turned off, which is ideal for electrotunable membranes as the inherent coupling between the expansion and mesoporosity enables electronic control of permeability for adaptive separation, fractionation, and distribution. Used as electrochemical osmotic hydrogel actuators, they achieve an electroactive pressure of up to 0.7 MPa (1.4 MPa vs dry) and a work density of ≈150 kJ m−3 (2 MJ m−3 vs dry). This new materials system paves the way to integrate actuation, sensing, and controlled permeation into advanced soft intelligent systems.
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| 3. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the effects of textile leachates in fish using multiple testing methods: From gene expression to behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The textile industry, while of major importance in the world economy, is a toxic industry utilizing and emitting thousands of chemical substances into the aquatic environment. The aim of this project was to study the potentially harmful effects associated with the leaching of chemical residues from three different types of textiles: sportswear, children’s bath towels, and denim using different fish models (cell lines, fish larvae and juvenile fish). A combination of in vitro and in vivo test systems was used. Numerous biomarkers, ranging from gene expression, cytotoxicity and biochemical analysis to behavior, were measured to detect effects of leached chemicals. Principle findings indicate that leachates from all three types of textiles induced cytotoxicity on fish cell lines (RTgill-W1). Leachates from sportswear and towels induced mortality in zebrafish embryos, and chemical residues from sportswear reduced locomotion responses in developing larval fish. Sportswear leachate increased Cyp1a mRNA expression and EROD activity in liver of exposed brown trout. Leachates from towels induced EROD activity and VTG in rainbow trout, and these effects were mitigated by the temperature of the extraction process. All indicators of toxicity tested showed that exposure to textile leachate can cause adverse reactions in fish. These findings suggested that chemical leaching from textiles from domestic households could pose an ecotoxicological threat to the health of the aquatic environment.
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| 4. |
- Eklöf, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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Inventering av stickmyggor på Gotland : för att identifiera problemområden
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gotland har under 2019 och 2020 haft ovanligt stora mängder mygg på framför allt norra Gotland och Fårö. Det är tre myggarter som orsakat problem, vårsvämmygga (Aedes sticticus), under 2019 och ljusbandad kustmygga (Aedes caspius), och mörkbandad kustmygga (Aedes dorsalis), 2020. För att undersöka hur utbredda arterna är har myggfaunan undersökts med tre metoder, genom jordprov som översvämmas för att inducera kläckning av mygglarver, genom undersökning av mygglarver i vattensamlingar och genom fällfångster av flygande myggor. Från jordprov som togs i lövskogsmiljöer på norra Gotland och Fårö kläcktes larver av vårvämmyggan, vilket visar att arten finns etablerad i området där den orsakade besvär 2019. Däremot kläcktes inga mygglarver alls från de jordprov som togs i barrträdsdominerade våtmarker vilka är betydligt vanligare i området. Från jordprov tagna på strandängar längs Gotlands östkust kläcktes stora mängder av både ljusbandad kustmygga och mörkbandad kustmygga vilket visar att dessa arter kan orsaka problem då strandängar översvämmas av vågor eller regn. Insamlingen av mygglarver från vattensamlingar och insamlingen av flygande myggor under sommaren gav en bredare bild av myggfaunan och visade att vitsidig tömygga (Aedes rusticus), är en vanlig art på Gotland och att den sällsynta alkärrsmyggan (Aedes refiki), förekommer på Gotland. Fällfångsterna visade också att vårsvämmyggan även förekommer utanför Ruteön på norra Gotland då den hittades på två lokaler söder om Visby. Sammantaget visade undersökningarna att det finns risk för stor förekomst av vårsvämmygga, ljusbandad kustmygga och mörkbandad kustmygga, om områden där ägg finns i marken översvämmas på grund av kraftiga regn eller havs och vindförhållanden för strandängarna. Det finns även anledning att beakta att vårsvämmyggan skulle kunna uppträda på lokaler längre söderut på Gotland, än där den tidigare år orsakat besvär.
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| 5. |
- Forsström, David, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and worry in relation to gambling and onset of gambling among psychiatry patients during the COVID-19 pandemic : A mediation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the COVID-19 pandemic started spreading globally, there was a fear that addictive behaviors would increase due to changes in everyday life caused by restrictions due to COVID-19. Studies were carried out to explore if this was true for gambling, typically revealing no overall increase in gambling behavior, although individuals who had previous experience with gambling problems were more likely to increase gambling during the pandemic. However, these studies only included individuals with previous gambling problems. It remains unknown whether other vulnerable groups, such as individuals with common mental disorders increased their gambling. This study aimed to explore the level of gambling problems among individuals with a history of mental disorders, namely, (i) pre-pandemic gamblers and (ii) pandemic-onset gamblers. Furthermore, we explored if worry and isolation mediate gambling and problem gambling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model to investigate mediation. The results showed a high prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling in both groups. The pre-pandemic gamblers had a high level of at-risk and problem gambling. Furthermore, the individuals that started to gamble during the pandemic had an even higher degree of at-risk and problem gambling. The mediation showed that the onset of gambling was linked with the worry of COVID-infection and that worry predicted the level of gambling problems. This study highlights that vulnerability factors, isolation, and worry can be triggers for individuals with common mental disorders to engage in gambling as well as the importance of screening this population for gambling problems.
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| 6. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of Radical Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections Comparing Extra-anatomic Bypass with In Situ Reconstruction : A Nationwide Multicentre Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 62:6, s. 918-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infection (AGI) is primarily treated by resection of the infected graft and restoration of distal perfusion through extra-anatomic bypass (EAB) or in situ reconstruction/repair (ISR). The aim of this study was to compare these surgical strategies in a nationwide multicentre retrospective cohort study.Methods: The Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) was used to identify surgically treated abdominal AGIs in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017. The primary aim was to compare short and long term survival, as well as complications for EAB and ISR.Results: Some 126 radically surgically treated AGI patients were identified – 102 graft infections and 24 endograft infections – treated by EAB: 71 and ISR: 55 (23 neo-aorto-iliac systems, NAISs). No differences in early 30 day (EAB 81.7% vs. ISR 76.4%, p =.46), or long term five year survival (48.2% vs. 49.9%, p =.87) were identified. There was no survival difference comparing NAIS to other ISR strategies. The frequency of recurrent graft infection during follow up was similar: EAB 20.3% vs. ISR 17.0% (p =.56). Survival and re-infection rates of the new conduit did not differ between NAIS and other ISR strategies. Age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, confidence interval [CI] 1.1 – 14.8), coronary artery disease (OR 4.2, CI 1.2 – 15.1) and post-operative circulatory complications (OR 5.2, CI 1.2 – 22.5) were associated with early death. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy (> 3 months) was associated with reduced long term mortality (HR 0.3, CI 0.1 – 0.9).Conclusion: In this nationwide multicentre study comparing outcomes of radically treated AGI, no differences in survival or re-infection rate could be identified comparing EAB and ISR.
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| 7. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-Conservative Treatment Versus Radical Surgery in Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 66:3, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infections (AGIs) are rare complications following aortic surgery. Radical surgery (RS) with resection of the infected graft and reconstruction with extra-anatomical bypass or in situ reconstruction is the preferred therapy. For patients unfit for RS, a semi-conservative (SC), graft preserving strategy is possible. This paper aimed to compare survival and infection outcomes between RS and SC treatment for AGI in a nationwide cohort.Methods: Patients with abdominal AGI related surgery in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017 were identified. The Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration (MAGIC) criteria were used for the definition of AGI. Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.Results: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with surgically treated abdominal AGI were identified, comprising 43 SC (14 endografts; 53% with a graft enteric fistula [GEF] in total) and 126 RS (26 endografts; 50% with a GEF in total). The SC cohort was older and had a higher frequency of cardiac comorbidities. There was a non-significant trend towards lower Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC vs. RS (30.2% vs. 48.4%; p = .066). A non-significant trend was identified towards worse Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC patients with a GEF vs. without a GEF (21.7% vs. 40.1%; p = .097). There were significantly more recurrent graft infections comparing SC with RS (45.4% vs. 19.3%; p < .001). In a Cox regression model adjusting for confounders, there was no difference in five year survival comparing SC vs. RS (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 -1.5).Conclusion: In this national AGI cohort, there was no mortality difference comparing SC and RS for AGI when adjusting for comorbidities. Presence of GEF probably negatively impacts survival outcomes of SC patients. Rates of recurrent infection remain high for SC treated patients.
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| 8. |
- Keyser, Ailsa K.V., et al.
(författare)
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Pulsed electron spin resonance of an organic microcrystal by dispersive readout
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-7807 .- 1096-0856. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We establish a testbed system for the development of high-sensitivity Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) techniques for small samples at cryogenic temperatures. Our system consists of a NbN thin-film planar superconducting microresonator designed to have a concentrated mode volume to couple to a small amount of paramagnetic material, and to be resilient to magnetic fields of up to 400mT. At 65mK we measure high-cooperativity coupling (C≈19) to an organic radical microcrystal containing 1012 spins in a pico-litre volume. We detect the spin–lattice decoherence rate via the dispersive frequency shift of the resonator. Techniques such as these could be suitable for applications in quantum information as well as for pulsed ESR interrogation of very few spins to provide insights into the surface chemistry of, for example, the material defects in superconducting quantum processors.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Tobias, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Förbisedda föremål : gropkeramiska »facettstenar»
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Solna : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 115:2, s. 73-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 2018 excavation of a large Pitted Ware Culture site in Norvik, Nynäshamn, a large number of round-oval ground stone tools with one or more faceted sides were recovered. These probably served as hand stones and were likely used for crushing, pounding and grinding different types of materials. The abundance of these implements at Norvik stands in stark contrast to the apparent lack of them elsewhere, which raises the question of whether this reflects a prehistoric reality or sampling strategies during archaeological excavations. Through our investigation we have identified a comparatively small number of similar stone tools from Pitted Ware Culture sites on the Swedish mainland, Gotland and Åland. It would seem that these tools are somewhat hard to identify in the archaeological record, possibly due to the inconspicuous nature of ground stone tools in general. This might contribute to sampling bias during excavation as well as a tepid interest in doing research on them. We suggest that the inconsistent terminology used for these implements might present an obstacle for future research.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Tobias, 1992-
(författare)
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Människor, djur och varelser i miniatyr : Flerartliga förbindelser i den gropkeramiska kulturen
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis attempts to understand the relationships between humans and animals in the Middle Neolithic (c. 3300-2300 BC) Pitted Ware culture (PWC) in Eastern Sweden and the Baltic islands of Gotland and Åland. This is accomplished through an examination of the zoomorphic and anthropomorphic clay figurines that have been found on many PWC sites in the study area, and to a lesser extent also the use and deposition of animal bones. The archaeological material is approached using a theoretical framework that draws upon hunter-gatherer relational ontologies and new materialisms.Comparisons between the anthropomorphic figurines and the zoomorphic figurines reveal clear morphological differences that are not attributable to the bodily differences between humans and animals. Instead, it is argued that they indicate contrasts in human-animal and human-human interactions respectively, and that they also had bearing on the engagements and relationships between humans and figurines. The chronological and geographical distribution of figurines further suggest that the anthropomorphic figurines represent a younger, more localized development in the PWC figurine tradition commencing around 2900 BC. This could possibly also be understood against the backdrop of a general ‘anthropomorphization’ in Europe during the 3rd millennium BC and the wider societal changes in northern Europe. In contrast to the figurines, which are uncommon in burials and deposits, animal bones have obviously been selectively deposited at many PWC sites. Unmodified animal bones found in certain features, deposits and burials reveal interesting patterns, where bones from the limbs and heads are overrepresented. The parts chosen can be described as those that relate to the perception and movements of the various animals deposited. The treatment of the animal bones might be understood as a way of dealing with a persistent animal awareness that resided in the bones and needed to be controlled.Zoomorphic figurines and animal bones thus seem to have had complementary uses at the PWC sites and configured human-animal relations in different ways. The figurines might have been involved in influencing prospective prey animals, while the deposition of animal bones was a means of handling animals that had been successfully killed.
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